python要实现发送邮件的功能，需要使用smtplib库。
1. 过程大致如下:
1. 建立和SMTP邮件服务器的连接
# 默认端口25
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
# 或者
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(host, port)
# 带SSL,默认端口465
smtp = smtp.SMTP_SSL()
smtp.connect(host, port)2. 完成身份认证
# 对于163而言，第三方客户端登陆使用的是授权码而不是密码
smtp.login(username, password)3. 发送邮件(必须明确发件人、收件人、主题、内容，而抄送人、密送人、附件、内嵌式图片等资源是可选的)
smtp.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[], rcpt_options=[])4. 结束会话
smtp.quit()
2. MIME相关知识介绍
MIME全称Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions(多用途互联网邮件扩展)。是一个互联网标准，它扩展了电子邮件标准，使其能够支持:
- 非ASCII字符文本；
- 非文本格式附件（二进制、声音、图像等）；
- 由多部分（multiple parts）组成的消息体；
- 包含非ASCII字符的头信息（Header information）
此外，web中使用的HTTP协议也使用了MIMIE的框架，标准被扩展为互联网媒体类型。
MIME头部信息:
MIME版本: 目前版本1.0
MIME-Version: 1.0内容类型(Content-Type),用于指定消息类型。 形式如下:
Content-Type: [type]/[subtype]; parametertype有以下形式:
- Text: 文本消息， 可以使用charset参数指定字符集;
- Multipart: 用于连接消息体的多个部分构成一个消息，这些部分可以是不同类型的数据；
- Application：用于传输应用程序数据或者二进制数据；
- Message：用于包装一个E-mail消息；
- Image：用于传输静态图片数据；
- Audio：用于传输音频数据；
- Video：用于传输动态影像数据，可以是与音频编辑在一起的视频数据格式
常见的文件扩展名与Content-Type对应关系如下:
文件扩展名 | Content-Type |
.txt | text/plain |
.html | text/html |
.xhtml | application/xhtml+xml |
.css | text/css |
.js | application/javascript |
.xml | application/atom+xml |
.json | application/json |
.jpg | image/jpeg |
.png | image/png |
.gif | image/gif |
.mp3 | audio/mpeg3 |
.mp4 | video/mp4 |
.wav | audio/wav |
.avi | video/avi |
.doc | application/msword |
.docx | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
.xls | application/vnd.ms-excel |
.xlsx | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet |
.ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
.pptx | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation |
.pdf | application/pdf |
.rar | application/x-rar-compressed |
.zip | application/x-compressed |
.tar | application/x-tar |
.gz | application/x-compressed |
.bz2 | application/x-bzip2 |
表示任意二进制数据 | application/octet-stream |
使用HTTP的POST方法提交表单 | application/x-www-form-urlencoded |
主要用于表单提交时伴随文件上传的场合 | multipart/form-data |
Text默认是text/plain，Application默认是application/octet-stream而Multipart默认情况下被看作multipart/mixed。
内容传输编码(Content-Transfer-Encoding)
Content-Transfer-Encoding: [mechanism]其中，mechanism的值可以指定为“7bit”，“8bit”，“binary”，“quoted-printable”，“base64”
MIME信息剖析
一封普通的文本邮件的信息包含一个头部分（例如：From、To、Subject 等等）和一个体部分。体部分通常为单体类型（例如：text、image、audio、video、application 等等）或是复合类型（即：multipart）。头部分和体部分之间用一个空行进行分隔，并且体部分的类型由信头内容类型字段 Content-Type 描述。
信头含义 (Headers)
域名 | 含义 |
Content-Type | 内容的类型 |
MIME-Version | MIME 版本 |
Content-Transfer-Encoding | 内容的传输编码方式 |
From | 发件人地址 |
To | 收件人地址 |
Cc | 抄送地址 |
Bcc | 暗送地址 |
Date | 日期和时间 |
Subject | 主题 |
Received | 传输路径 |
Return-Path | 回复地址 |
Delivered-To | 发送地址 |
Reply-To | 回复地址 |
Message-ID | 消息 ID |
信体部分
- 邮件中常见的简单类型有 text/plain(纯文本)和 text/html(超文本)。
- 复杂的邮件内容格式采用 multipart 类型，可以包括纯文本/超文本(alternative)、内嵌资源（图片)(related)、附件类型(mixed)等等。
multipart 类型的邮件体被分为多个段，每个段又包含段头和段体两部分，这两部分之间也以空行分隔。
信体头含义
域名 | 含义 |
Content-Type | 段体的类型 |
Content-Transfer-Encoding | 段体的传输编码方式 |
Content-Disposition | 段体的位置,内嵌(inline)或附件(attachment) |
Content-ID | 段体的 ID, 唯一标识 |
Content-Location | 段体的位置(路径) |
Content-Base | 段体的基位置 |
常见的 multipart 类型有三种：multipart/mixed, multipart/related 和 multipart/alternative。
复合类型层次关系示例图：
multipart 诸类型的共同特征是，在段头指定 boundary 参数字符串，段体内的每个子段以此字符串定界。
所有的子段都以 --boundary 行开始，父段则以 --boundary-- 行结束。段与段之间也以空行分隔。
例子:
1) 发送纯文本文件:
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
aGVsbG8gd29ybGQK5L2g5aW95LiW55WM2)发送包含富文本的邮件:
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="----=ALIBOUNDARY_14343_4f941940_5a9a0b10_90106"
------=ALIBOUNDARY_14343_4f941940_5a9a0b10_90106
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
aGVsbG8gd29ybGTkvaDlpb3kuJbnlYw=
------=ALIBOUNDARY_14343_4f941940_5a9a0b10_90106
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0iX19hbGl5dW5fZW1haWxfYm9keV9ibG9jayI+PGRpdiAgc3R5bGU9ImNsZWFy
OmJvdGg7Ij48c3BhbiAgc3R5bGU9ImZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OlRhaG9tYSxBcmlhbCxTVEhlaXRpLFNp
bVN1bjtmb250LXNpemU6MTQuMHB4O2NvbG9yOiMwMDAwMDA7Ij5oZWxsbyB3b3JsZDwvc3Bhbj48
L2Rpdj48ZGl2ICBzdHlsZT0iY2xlYXI6Ym90aDsiPjxzcGFuICBzdHlsZT0iZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6
VGFob21hLEFyaWFsLFNUSGVpdGksU2ltU3VuO2NvbG9yOiMwMDAwMDA7YmFja2dyb3VuZC1jb2xv
cjojZmYwMDAwO2ZvbnQtc2l6ZTozMi4wcHg7Ij7kvaDlpb3kuJbnlYw8L3NwYW4+PC9kaXY+PC9k
aXY+
------=ALIBOUNDARY_14343_4f941940_5a9a0b10_90106--”aGVsbG8gd29ybGTkvaDlpb3kuJbnlYw=" base64前明文:
hello world你好世界"
PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0iX19hbGl5dW5fZW1haWxfYm9keV9ibG9jayI+PGRpdiAgc3R5bGU9ImNsZWFy
OmJvdGg7Ij48c3BhbiAgc3R5bGU9ImZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OlRhaG9tYSxBcmlhbCxTVEhlaXRpLFNp
bVN1bjtmb250LXNpemU6MTQuMHB4O2NvbG9yOiMwMDAwMDA7Ij5oZWxsbyB3b3JsZDwvc3Bhbj48
L2Rpdj48ZGl2ICBzdHlsZT0iY2xlYXI6Ym90aDsiPjxzcGFuICBzdHlsZT0iZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6
VGFob21hLEFyaWFsLFNUSGVpdGksU2ltU3VuO2NvbG9yOiMwMDAwMDA7YmFja2dyb3VuZC1jb2xv
cjojZmYwMDAwO2ZvbnQtc2l6ZTozMi4wcHg7Ij7kvaDlpb3kuJbnlYw8L3NwYW4+PC9kaXY+PC9k
aXY+" 明文:<div class="__aliyun_email_body_block"><div style="clear:both;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Arial,STHeiti,SimSun;font-size:14.0px;color:#000000;">hello world</span></div>
<div style="clear:both;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Arial,STHeiti,SimSun;color:#000000;background-color:#ff0000;font-size:32.0px;">你好世界</span></div></div>3) 将图片内嵌:
Content-Type: multipart/related;
boundary="----=ALIBOUNDARY_25467_4f851940_5a9a032e_8ff9d"
------=ALIBOUNDARY_25467_4f851940_5a9a032e_8ff9d
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="----=ALIBOUNDARY_25467_4f851940_5a9a032e_8ff9e"
------=ALIBOUNDARY_25467_4f851940_5a9a032e_8ff9e
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
6L+Z5pivcHl0aG9u55qEbG9nb8KgCg==
------=ALIBOUNDARY_25467_4f851940_5a9a032e_8ff9e
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0iX19hbGl5dW5fZW1haWxfYm9keV9ibG9jayI+PGRpdiAgc3R5bGU9ImNsZWFy
OmJvdGg7Ij48c3BhbiAgc3R5bGU9ImZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OlRhaG9tYSxBcmlhbCxTVEhlaXRpLFNp
bVN1bjtmb250LXNpemU6MTQuMHB4O2NvbG9yOiMwMDAwMDA7Ij7ov5nmmK9weXRob27nmoRsb2dv
PC9zcGFuPjwvZGl2PjxkaXYgIHN0eWxlPSJjbGVhcjpib3RoOyI+PHNwYW4gIHN0eWxlPSJmb250
LWZhbWlseTpUYWhvbWEsQXJpYWwsU1RIZWl0aSxTaW1TdW47Zm9udC1zaXplOjE0LjBweDtjb2xv
cjojMDAwMDAwOyI+PGltZyAgc3JjPSJjaWQ6X19hbGl5dW4xNTIwMDQyNzk4MjEzOTg3MjEiPiZu
YnNwOzxiciA+PC9zcGFuPjwvZGl2PjwvZGl2Pg==
------=ALIBOUNDARY_25467_4f851940_5a9a032e_8ff9e--
------=ALIBOUNDARY_25467_4f851940_5a9a032e_8ff9d
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-ID: <__aliyun152004279821398721>
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="=?UTF-8?B?cHl0aG9uLWxvZ28ucG5n?="
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
下面多行是图片二进制数据base64编码后的数据
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
------=ALIBOUNDARY_25467_4f851940_5a9a032e_8ff9d--"6L+Z5pivcHl0aG9u55qEbG9nb8KgCg==" 是经过base64编码后的数据，明文为:
这是python的logo"PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0iX19hbGl5dW5fZW1haWxfYm9keV9ibG9jayI+PGRpdiAgc3R5bGU9ImNsZWFy
OmJvdGg7Ij48c3BhbiAgc3R5bGU9ImZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OlRhaG9tYSxBcmlhbCxTVEhlaXRpLFNp
bVN1bjtmb250LXNpemU6MTQuMHB4O2NvbG9yOiMwMDAwMDA7Ij7ov5nmmK9weXRob27nmoRsb2dv
PC9zcGFuPjwvZGl2PjxkaXYgIHN0eWxlPSJjbGVhcjpib3RoOyI+PHNwYW4gIHN0eWxlPSJmb250
LWZhbWlseTpUYWhvbWEsQXJpYWwsU1RIZWl0aSxTaW1TdW47Zm9udC1zaXplOjE0LjBweDtjb2xv
cjojMDAwMDAwOyI+PGltZyAgc3JjPSJjaWQ6X19hbGl5dW4xNTIwMDQyNzk4MjEzOTg3MjEiPiZu
YnNwOzxiciA+PC9zcGFuPjwvZGl2PjwvZGl2Pg==" 明文为:
<div class="__aliyun_email_body_block"><div style="clear:both;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Arial,STHeiti,SimSun;font-size:14.0px;color:#000000;">
这是python的logo</span></div><div style="clear:both;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma,Arial,STHeiti,SimSun;font-size:14.0px;color:#000000;">
<img src="cid:__aliyun152004279821398721"> <br ></span></div></div>4) 发送带附件的邮件
Content-Type: multipart/mixed;
boundary="----=ALIBOUNDARY_68661_4cbc5940_5a9a0f2a_90709"
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=ALIBOUNDARY_68661_4cbc5940_5a9a0f2a_90709
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="----=ALIBOUNDARY_68661_4cbc5940_5a9a0f2a_9070a"
------=ALIBOUNDARY_68661_4cbc5940_5a9a0f2a_9070a
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
5Y+R6YCB6ZmE5Lu25rWL6K+V
------=ALIBOUNDARY_68661_4cbc5940_5a9a0f2a_9070a
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64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------=ALIBOUNDARY_68661_4cbc5940_5a9a0f2a_9070a--
------=ALIBOUNDARY_68661_4cbc5940_5a9a0f2a_90709
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="=?UTF-8?B?5L2g5aW9d29ybGQudHh0?="
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
aGVsbG8gd29ybGQNCsTjusPKwL3n
------=ALIBOUNDARY_68661_4cbc5940_5a9a0f2a_90709--
multipart/alternative:
在同时提供多种消息格式，这些消息格式间是相互可替换的,如提供同一消息的多语言版本。
multipart/related:
添加内嵌资源时必须指定的Content-Type类型，通常配合Content-ID使用。
Content-ID头字段用于为“multipart/related” 组合消息中的内嵌资源指定一个唯一的标识符。在html格式的正文中使用这个唯一标识号来引用该内嵌资源。格式如下:
<img src="cid:CONTENTID" />
# CONTENTID用具体的数值替换multipart/mixed:
添加附件时必须指定的Content-Type类型, 配合Content-Disposition来获取上文文件的名称。
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=”上传文件的文件名"
# 一般中文文件名都需要base64编码
# 以python_logo.png为例，base64编码后变为: cHl0aG9uX2xvZ28ucG5n
# 最后结果为: =?UTF-8?B?cHl0aG9uLWxvZ28ucG5n?=
3. python中的MIME
参考: email.mime
MIMENonMultipart 作为中间类，主要用途是防止调用attach()方法
MIMEMultipart 与Conent-Type中的multipart对应，默认类型为multipart/mixed
MIMEApplication与Content-Type中的application对应，默认类型为application/octed-stream,默认编码类型为base64
MIMEText与Content-Type中的text对应，默认类型为text/plain。
身份认证发生错误:
smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError: (535, 'Error: authentication failed')原因分析:网易163邮箱需要启用授权码，并且使用授权码登录，而不是密码登录
1. 发送纯文本
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
host = "smtp.aliyun.com"
username = "u1@aliyun.com"
# 对于163邮箱使用授权码而不是密码登录
password = "xxxxxxxxxxxx"
# 接收人列表
receivers = ['q1@qq.com']
# 抄送人列表
cc_list = ['q2@qq.com']
# 密送人列表
bcc_list = ['q3@qq.com']
# 主题
subject = "阿里邮箱给qq邮箱发信"
# 正文
body = "Python 发送邮件测试"
sender = username
# 邮件正文
message = MIMEText(body, 'plain', 'utf-8')
# 发件人
message['From'] = sender
# 收件人
message['To'] = ",".join(receivers) # 多个接收人之间要用逗号隔开
# 抄送人
message['Cc'] = ','.join(cc_list)
# 密送人
message['Bcc'] = ','.join(bcc_list)
# 主题
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, "utf-8")
try:
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.set_debuglevel(1) # 开启调试,方便观察和邮件服务器通信全过程
smtp.connect(host) # 默认端口是25
# 登陆
smtp.login(username, password)
# 发送邮件
# 邮件服务器在转发邮件的过程中，省略了Bcc项
# To: Cc: Bcc: 只是一种表现形式，归根结底都是邮件的接收者,都需要服务器发送RCPT TO:来告知邮件服务器发送给谁。
# 因此接收者列表应该是收件人、抄送人、密送人的集合。
smtp.sendmail(sender, receivers + cc_list + bcc_list, message.as_string())
smtp.quit()
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
print("error: ", e)案例: 将磁盘使用情况以邮件的形式发送
# coding=utf-8
import smtplib
import subprocess
def send_email(smtp_server, sender, passwd, receiver_list, subject, content):
receiver = receiver_list
if isinstance(receiver_list, list):
receiver = ",".join(receiver_list) # 多个收件人之间用,隔开
# 注意主题和正文中有一个空行
msg = '\r\n'.join([
'From: %s' % sender,
'To: %s' % receiver,
'Subject: %s' % subject,
'',
content
])
try:
s = smtplib.SMTP()
# 连接smtp服务器
s.connect(smtp_server)
# 登陆 对于163邮箱,使用授权码而不是密码登陆第三方邮件客户端
s.login(sender, passwd)
# 发送邮件
s.sendmail(sender, receiver_list, msg)
print 'success'
s.quit()
except Exception as e:
print e
# 发送邮件测试
def send_email_test():
smtp_server = 'smtp.163.com'
sender = 'sender@163.com' # 发件人
password = 'authorized_code' # 163邮箱的登陆授权码
# 收件人
receiver = ['qq1@qq.com', 'qq2@qq.com']
# 邮件主题
subject = 'Disk Usage Report'
p = subprocess.Popen('df -h', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
content = p.stdout.read() # 获取磁盘使用情况
send_email(smtp_server, sender, password, receiver, subject, content)
2. 发送富文本邮件
host = "smtp.aliyun.com"
username = "u1@aliyun.com"
password = “password"
receivers = ['q1@qq.com']
subject = "python发送html"
sender = username
# 类型为alternative
message = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
message['From'] = sender
message['To'] = ",".join(receivers) # 多个接收人之间要用逗号隔开
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, "utf-8")
# 正文有两部分
part1 = MIMEText("<h1>使用python发送邮件</h1>", "html", "utf-8")
part2 = MIMEText('<a href="http://www.python.org">python官网</a>', "html", "utf-8")
message.attach(part1)
message.attach(part2)3. 发送带附件的邮件
import os
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
def add_attchment(message, file):
"""添加附件
:param message: MIMEMultipart对象
:param file: file为文件的路径
:return: None
"""
filename = os.path.basename(file) # 获取文件名
with open(file, "rb") as f:
attachment = MIMEApplication(f.read())
attachment.add_header(
"Content-Disposition",
"attachment",
filename=(
"gbk", # 指定编码格式, qq邮箱对邮件使用gbk编码，否则可能会出现文件名乱码
"",
filename))
message.attach(attachment)
host = "smtp.aliyun.com"
username = "u1@aliyun.com"
password = “password"
receivers = ['q1@qq.com']
subject = "python发送附件"
sender = username
# 发送附件，Content-Type必须为multipart/mixed
message = MIMEMultipart("mixed")
message['From'] = sender
message['To'] = ",".join(receivers) # 多个接收人之间要用逗号隔开
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, "utf-8")
# 添加正文
body = MIMEText("测试发送附件", "html", "utf-8")
message.attach(body)
# 添加附件
add_attchment(message, "百度logo.jpg")
add_attchment(message, "测试.txt")
add_attchment(message, "测试.xlsx")4. 发送带内嵌图片的邮件
def get_base64name(file):
"""
:param file: 文件路径
:return: 返回base64编码的文件名
"""
filename = os.path.basename(file)
base64name = base64.b64encode(filename.encode('utf-8'))
filename = (str(base64name))[2:-1]
return filename
def add_nested_picture(message, msgalternative, file):
"""
向邮件中嵌入图片
"""
# 将base64编码的文件名作为cid
cid = get_base64name(file)
link = MIMEText('<img src="cid:%s" />' % cid, "html", "utf-8")
msgalternative.attach(link)
with open(file, "rb") as f:
nested_picture = MIMEApplication(f.read())
nested_picture.add_header("Content-ID", cid)
# 下面这一行可以省略
nested_picture.add_header("Content-Disposition", "inline", filename=("gbk", "", os.path.basename(file)))
message.attach(nested_picture)
sender = username
# 指定类型为multipart/related
message = MIMEMultipart("related")
message['From'] = sender
message['To'] = ",".join(receivers) # 多个接收人之间要用逗号隔开
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, "utf-8")
msgalternative = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
message.attach(msgalternative)
# 添加正文
body = MIMEText("测试发送含有内嵌图片的邮件", "html", "utf-8")
msgalternative.attach(body)
add_nested_picture(message, msgalternative, "C:/users/hupeng/pictures/lena.jpg")层次结果:
里层: 类型为multipart/alternative的MIMEMultipart对象attach 装载html文本的MIMEText对象。
外层: 类型为multipart/related的MIMEMultipart对象 attach 表示内嵌资源的MIMEApplication对象和表示文本信息类型为mulitpart/alternative的MIMEMultipart对象。
当然也可以直接使用类型为multipart/mixed类型的对象attach 表示html文本的MIME对象和表示内嵌资源的MIMEApplication对象
代码如下:
def get_base64name(file):
"""
:param file: 文件路径
:return: 返回base64编码的文件名
"""
filename = os.path.basename(file)
base64name = base64.b64encode(filename.encode('utf-8'))
filename = (str(base64name))[2:-1]
return filename
def add_nested_picture(message, file):
"""
向邮件中嵌入图片
"""
# 将base64编码的文件名作为cid
cid = get_base64name(file)
link = MIMEText('<img src="cid:%s" />' % cid, "html", "utf-8")
message.attach(link)
with open(file, "rb") as f:
nested_picture = MIMEApplication(f.read())
nested_picture.add_header("Content-ID", cid)
message.attach(nested_picture)
sender = username
# 指定最外层信息段类型为multipart/mixed
message = MIMEMultipart("mixed")
message['From'] = sender
message['To'] = ",".join(receivers) # 多个接收人之间要用逗号隔开
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, "utf-8")
# 添加正文
body = MIMEText("测试发送含有内嵌图片的邮件", "html", "utf-8")
message.attach(body)
# 添加嵌入式图片
add_nested_picture(message, "百度logo.jpg")
备注: 邮件客户端(web端）包含查看邮件原文的功能，使用该功能可以很好的帮助学习。
