1. 读写分离
读写分离的前提需要数据库已经做好了主从同步,如何实现主从同步
为了实现读写分离,出现了很多解决方案,其中比较流行的是采用中间件做为Proxy,保持应用层代码不随数据库的变动而发生变化,这里包括Amoeba、Atlas、Cobar、Mycat、MySQL Proxy、MySQL Router等。
- 需要注意Amoeba管理的数据库服务器要能被访问;默认mysql服务器只监听127.0.0.1,也就是说mysql监听的端口需要设置成你需要的值,并且用来做远程登陆的用户需要被赋予对应的权限,否则amoeba无法访问数据库。
- 同时我们可以在数据库上创建不同用户,并赋予不同权限来使用数据库,实现读写分离。
2. 以Amoeba举例说明,主/从数据库服务器安装配置JDK环境,并且要求JDK至少1.7
下载安装JDK。需要主/从数据库服务器都安装配置JDK环境
# sudo wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u141-b15/336fa29ff2bb4ef291e347e091f7f4a7/jdk-8u141-linux-x64.tar.gz"
# sudo mkdir /opt/JAVA
# sudo tar xf jdk-8u141-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt/JAVA
设置profile环境变量,将以下内容添加到/etc/profile末尾:
JAVA_HOME=/opt/JAVA/jdk1.8.0_141
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH
# sudo source /etc/profile
# java -version
以下回显则表示成功:
3. 安装Amoeba
# sudo wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/amoeba/Amoeba%20for%20mysql/2.x/amoeba-mysql-binary-2.1.0-RC5.tar.gz
# sudo mkdir /usr/local/amoeba
# sudo tar xf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.1.0-RC5.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba
切换至root用户,方便操作
# sudo su
# cd /usr/local/amoeba/bin/
修改 DEFAULT_OPTS="-server -Xms256m -Xmx256m -Xss128k" ---> DEFAULT_OPTS="-server -Xms256m -Xmx256m -Xss256k" ,否则会启动失败,报错如下
# ./amoeba
# cd /usr/local/amoeba/conf/
修改dbServers.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gbk"?>
<!DOCTYPE amoeba:dbServers SYSTEM "dbserver.dtd">
<amoeba:dbServers xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">
<!--
Each dbServer needs to be configured into a Pool,
If you need to configure multiple dbServer with load balancing that can be simplified by the following configuration:
add attribute with name virtual = "true" in dbServer, but the configuration does not allow the element with name factoryConfig
such as 'multiPool' dbServer
-->
<dbServer name="abstractServer" abstractive="true">
<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
<property name="manager">${defaultManager}</property>
<property name="sendBufferSize">64</property>
<property name="receiveBufferSize">128</property>
<!-- mysql port 数据库端口-->
<property name="port">3306</property>
<!-- mysql schema amoeba 需要访问的数据库表-->
<property name="schema">test</property>
<!-- mysql user 主从数据库分配给amoeba访问数据的用户-->
<property name="user">root</property>
<!-- mysql password 主从数据库分配给amoeba访问数据的密码-->
<property name="password">123456</property>
</factoryConfig>
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
<property name="maxActive">500</property>
<property name="maxIdle">500</property>
<property name="minIdle">10</property>
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
<property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
<property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
<dbServer name="master" parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<!-- mysql ip 主数据库地址-->
<property name="ipAddress">10.100.0.249</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>
<dbServer name="slave" parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<!-- mysql ip 从数据库地址,如果有多个从数据库需要重复多个DBServer模块-->
<property name="ipAddress">10.100.0.147</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>
<!-- 数据库池,虚拟服务器,实现读取的负载均衡,如果有多个Slave,则<property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property>用逗号隔开 -->
<dbServer name="multiPool" virtual="true">
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">
<!-- Load balancing strategy: 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA-->
<property name="loadbalance">1</property>
<!-- Separated by commas,such as: server1,server2,server1 -->
<property name="poolNames">slave</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
</amoeba:dbServers>
修改amoeba.xml,配置读写分离
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gbk"?>
<!DOCTYPE amoeba:configuration SYSTEM "amoeba.dtd">
<amoeba:configuration xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">
<proxy>
<!-- service class must implements com.meidusa.amoeba.service.Service -->
<service name="Amoeba for Mysql" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.ServerableConnectionManager">
<!-- port Amoeba 端口号 ,客户端client 链接amoeba端口号,不能和主从数据库冲突-->
<property name="port">8066</property>
<!-- bind ipAddress -->
<!--
<property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>
-->
<property name="manager">${clientConnectioneManager}</property>
<property name="connectionFactory">
<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlClientConnectionFactory">
<property name="sendBufferSize">128</property>
<property name="receiveBufferSize">64</property>
</bean>
</property>
<property name="authenticator">
<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator">
<!-- Amoeba 账号密码 ,客户端client 链接amoeba端 账号-->
<property name="user">admin</property>
<property name="password">123123</property>
<property name="filter">
<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.IPAccessController">
<property name="ipFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</property>
</service>
<!-- server class must implements com.meidusa.amoeba.service.Service -->
<service name="Amoeba Monitor Server" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.monitor.MonitorServer">
<!-- port -->
<!-- default value: random number
<property name="port">9066</property>
-->
<!-- bind ipAddress -->
<property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>
<property name="daemon">true</property>
<property name="manager">${clientConnectioneManager}</property>
<property name="connectionFactory">
<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.monitor.net.MonitorClientConnectionFactory"></bean>
</property>
</service>
<runtime class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.context.MysqlRuntimeContext">
<!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->
<property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>
<!-- proxy server client process thread size -->
<property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
<!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->
<property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
<!-- per connection cache prepared statement size -->
<property name="statementCacheSize">500</property>
<!-- query timeout( default: 60 second , TimeUnit:second) -->
<property name="queryTimeout">60</property>
</runtime>
</proxy>
<!--
Each ConnectionManager will start as thread
manager responsible for the Connection IO read , Death Detection
-->
<connectionManagerList>
<connectionManager name="clientConnectioneManager" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.MultiConnectionManagerWrapper">
<property name="subManagerClassName">com.meidusa.amoeba.net.ConnectionManager</property>
<!--
default value is avaliable Processors
<property name="processors">5</property>
-->
</connectionManager>
<connectionManager name="defaultManager" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.MultiConnectionManagerWrapper">
<property name="subManagerClassName">com.meidusa.amoeba.net.AuthingableConnectionManager</property>
<!--
default value is avaliable Processors
<property name="processors">5</property>
-->
</connectionManager>
</connectionManagerList>
<!-- default using file loader -->
<dbServerLoader class="com.meidusa.amoeba.context.DBServerConfigFileLoader">
<property name="configFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/dbServers.xml</property>
</dbServerLoader>
<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">
<property name="ruleLoader">
<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.route.TableRuleFileLoader">
<property name="ruleFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml</property>
<property name="functionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml</property>
</bean>
</property>
<property name="sqlFunctionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml</property>
<property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>
<!-- 默认数据库,主数据库 -->
<property name="defaultPool">master</property>
<!-- 写数据库 -->
<property name="writePool">master</property>
<!-- 读数据库,dbServer.xml 中配置的虚拟数据库,数据库池 -->
<property name="readPool">slave</property>
<property name="needParse">true</property>
</queryRouter>
</amoeba:configuration>
# cd /usr/local/amoeba/bin/
# ./amoeba start
4.然后就可以使用Amoeba客户端操作数据库了
使用Amoeba登陆数据库:
# mysql -h xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -P 8066 -u admin -p # xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 是amoeba服务端ip,8066是服务端口, admin是配置好的amoeba用户 最后再输入amoeba密码就可以登陆了
然后就可以按照数据库来执行操作了,Amoeba会根据配置好的信息来选择对应的数据库执行命令