一.部署说明
1.1 实施环境
本文档实验环境如下：
PGSQL主机: 192.168.1.45
PGSQL备机: 192.168.1.50
软件和系统版本
Pgsql 版本: pgsql 9.2.4
Linux 版本: Redhat 5.8
1.2 文档说明
本文档详细说明了PG的双机扩展，使pgsql数据库具备双机热备流复制功能。注意，双机热备中存在主从关系，这样才能保证数据的一直性，主机操作都可以，但从机只能用作查询。所以热备的意义在于分担主机的查询压力，备份主机数据，当主机出问题后，从机稍加修改就可以变为主机。
为了试验减少不必要的麻烦，本系列试验中，各个主机之间的通信，都是设置为无密码访问，但对于实际生产，需要根据实际需要，配置密码，增强集群的安全性。
二.配置步骤
1.1 （主从一样）。编辑data/pg_hba.conf 访问控制文件。
配置过程一定要分清主从机。因为实验的两台虚拟机所在网段都是192.168.1.0/24.所以，新增如下：
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host all all 192.168.1.0/24 trust
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 trust
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local replication postgres trust
#host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host replication postgres 192.168.1.0/24 trust
#host replication postgres ::1/128 trust
1.2 （主从一样）。编辑data/postgresql.conf 数据库配置文件。
主从机的数据库postgresql.conf配置相同，主要是方便接下来的将主机的data文件直接备份还原到从机，并且也方便将来主从切换。请对照默认参数设置，设置相应参数，一些参数的设置，如
max_connections = 100 #最大连接数的设置，当超过最大链接时，数据库拒绝访问。
shared_buffers = 1280MB #共享内存，主要是和服务器的硬件和实际的项目需求相关，理论上在硬件资源允许的情况下，此值越大越好。
wal_level = hot_standby #开启主从热备模式
fsync = on #异步数据同步
full_page_writes = on
checkpoint_segments = 32 #关于脏数据写回的
archive_mode = on #打开归档模式archive_command ='cp %p /opt/bjca3/pgsql/data/archive/%f ' #将归档文件保存在data/archive目录下
max_wal_senders = 2 #根据从机的个数设置，实验中只有一个从机，所以只设置为1wal_keep_segments = 250
hot_standby = on #在配置中，并不是每个配置都起作用的，数据库会根据当前的主从机的属性，自动判断哪些是主机的配置，哪些是从机的配置，配置文档中也有说明。
max_standby_archive_delay = 300smax_standby_streaming_delay = 300s
wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s
hot_standby_feedback = on
log_line_prefix = '[%t] '详细的配置及含义请看下边的配置文件。
# -----------------------------
# PostgreSQL configuration file
# -----------------------------
#
# This file consists of lines of the form:
#
# name = value
#
# (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
# "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
#
# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
# you need to reload the server.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
# signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some
# parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to
# take effect.
#
# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
# "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time
# with the "SET" SQL command.
#
# Memory units: kB = kilobytes Time units: ms = milliseconds
# MB = megabytes s = seconds
# GB = gigabytes min = minutes
# h = hours
# d = days
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
#data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory
# (change requires restart)
#hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
# (change requires restart)
#ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
# (change requires restart)
# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
#external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Connection Settings -
#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
# (change requires restart)
#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
# Note: Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
# connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_directory = '' # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
# (change requires restart)
# - Security and Authentication -
#authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
#ssl = off # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ciphers = 'ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' # allowed SSL ciphers
# (change requires restart)
#ssl_renegotiation_limit = 512MB # amount of data between renegotiations
#ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_key_file = 'server.key' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ca_file = '' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_crl_file = '' # (change requires restart)
#password_encryption = on
#db_user_namespace = off
# Kerberos and GSSAPI
#krb_server_keyfile = ''
#krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (Kerberos only)
#krb_caseins_users = off
# - TCP Keepalives -
# see "man 7 tcp" for details
#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
# 0 selects the system default
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Memory -
#shared_buffers = 32MB # min 128kB
shared_buffers = 256MB # min 128kB
# (change requires restart)
#temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
#max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature
# (change requires restart)
# Note: Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
# per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
# It is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless you
# actively intend to use prepared transactions.
#work_mem = 1MB # min 64kB
#maintenance_work_mem = 16MB # min 1MB
#max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB
# - Disk -
#temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-session temp file space
# in kB, or -1 for no limit
# - Kernel Resource Usage -
#max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25
# (change requires restart)
#shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart)
# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
#vacuum_cost_delay = 0ms # 0-100 milliseconds
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits
# - Background Writer -
#bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round
# - Asynchronous Behavior -
#effective_io_concurrency = 1 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE AHEAD LOG
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Settings -
#wal_level = minimal # minimal, archive, or hot_standby
wal_level = hot_standby # minimal, archive, or hot_standby
# (change requires restart)
#fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off
fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off
#synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;
# off, local, remote_write, or on
#wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
# open_datasync
# fdatasync (default on Linux)
# fsync
# fsync_writethrough
# open_sync
#full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
#wal_buffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
# (change requires restart)
#wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds
#commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000
# - Checkpoints -
#checkpoint_segments = 3 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each
#checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h
#checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
#checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables
# - Archiving -
#archive_mode = off # allows archiving to be done
archive_mode = on # allows archiving to be done
# (change requires restart)
#archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
archive_command = 'cp %p /usr/local/pgsql/data/archive/%f' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
# %f = file name only
# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
#archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this
# number of seconds; 0 disables
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPLICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Sending Server(s) -
# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.
#max_wal_senders = 0 # max number of walsender processes
max_wal_senders = 1 # max number of walsender processes
# (change requires restart)
#wal_keep_segments = 0 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
wal_keep_segments = 250 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
#replication_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables
# - Master Server -
# These settings are ignored on a standby server.
#synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep
synchronous_standby_names = '*' # standby servers that provide sync rep
# comma-separated list of application_name
# from standby(s); '*' = all
#vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed
# - Standby Servers -
# These settings are ignored on a master server.
#hot_standby = off # "on" allows queries during recovery
hot_standby = on # "on" allows queries during recovery
# (change requires restart)
#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
max_standby_archive_delay = 300s # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading WAL from archive;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
max_standby_streaming_delay = 300s # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading streaming WAL;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
# 0 disables
#hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent
hot_standby_feedback = on # send info from standby to prevent
# query conflicts
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Planner Method Configuration -
#enable_bitmapscan = on
#enable_hashagg = on
#enable_hashjoin = on
#enable_indexscan = on
#enable_indexonlyscan = on
#enable_material = on
#enable_mergejoin = on
#enable_nestloop = on
#enable_seqscan = on
#enable_sort = on
#enable_tidscan = on
# - Planner Cost Constants -
#seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale
#random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above
#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above
#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
#effective_cache_size = 128MB
# - Genetic Query Optimizer -
#geqo = on
#geqo_threshold = 12
#geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
#geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort
#geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
#geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0
# - Other Planner Options -
#default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000
#constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition
#cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0
#from_collapse_limit = 8
#join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
# JOIN clauses
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Where to Log -
#log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
# depending on platform. csvlog
# requires logging_collector to be on.
# This is used when logging to stderr:
#logging_collector = off # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
# into log files. Required to be on for
# csvlogs.
# (change requires restart)
# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
#log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
# can include strftime() escapes
#log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
# begin with 0 to use octal notation
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, an existing log file with the
# same name as the new log file will be
# truncated rather than appended to.
# But such truncation only occurs on
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
# or size-driven rotation. Default is
# off, meaning append to existing files
# in all cases.
#log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that time. 0 disables.
#log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that much log output.
# 0 disables.
# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'
# - When to Log -
#client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# log
# notice
# warning
# error
#log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic
#log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic (effectively off)
#log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only
# statements running at least this number
# of milliseconds
# - What to Log -
#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = on
#log_checkpoints = off
#log_connections = off
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
#log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_hostname = off
#log_line_prefix = '[%t]' # special values:
# %a = application name
# %u = user name
# %d = database name
# %r = remote host and port
# %h = remote host
# %p = process ID
# %t = timestamp without milliseconds
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
# %i = command tag
# %e = SQL state
# %c = session ID
# %l = session line number
# %s = session start timestamp
# %v = virtual transaction ID
# %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
# %q = stop here in non-session
# processes
# %% = '%'
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
#log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
#log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
#log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
# than the specified size in kilobytes;
# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
log_timezone = 'PRC'
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RUNTIME STATISTICS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Query/Index Statistics Collector -
#track_activities = on
#track_counts = on
#track_io_timing = off
#track_functions = none # none, pl, all
#track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)
#update_process_title = on
#stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'
# - Statistics Monitoring -
#log_parser_stats = off
#log_planner_stats = off
#log_executor_stats = off
#log_statement_stats = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
# requires track_counts to also be on.
#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
# their durations, > 0 logs only
# actions running at least this number
# of milliseconds.
#autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# analyze
#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms # default vacuum cost delay for
# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Statement Behavior -
#search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names
#default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
#temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
# only default tablespace
#check_function_bodies = on
#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
#default_transaction_read_only = off
#default_transaction_deferrable = off
#session_replication_role = 'origin'
#statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
#vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
#bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape
#xmlbinary = 'base64'
#xmloption = 'content'
# - Locale and Formatting -
datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
#intervalstyle = 'postgres'
timezone = 'PRC'
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
# abbreviations. Currently, there are
# Default
# Australia
# India
# You can create your own file in
# share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 3
#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
lc_messages = 'C' # locale for system error message
# strings
lc_monetary = 'C' # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'C' # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'C' # locale for time formatting
# default configuration for text search
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'
# - Other Defaults -
#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
#local_preload_libraries = ''
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#deadlock_timeout = 1s
#max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)
# Note: Each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are
# max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions)
# lock table slots.
#max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -
#array_nulls = on
#backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
#default_with_oids = off
#escape_string_warning = on
#lo_compat_privileges = off
#quote_all_identifiers = off
#sql_inheritance = on
#standard_conforming_strings = on
#synchronize_seqscans = on
# - Other Platforms and Clients -
#transform_null_equals = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR HANDLING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error?
#restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash?
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Add settings for extensions here
View Code
1.3 此时主从数据库的配置是相同的，所以可以将主库直接备份，然后还原至从库。其实对于从库，配置本身很简单，只是因为考虑到接下来的主从切换麻烦，所以讲主从配置成一样的。
此时可以使用PG自带的pg_basebackup工具，对主机进行远程基础备份。
在从机中执行：pg_basebackup -F p -D $PGDATA -x -v -h db1 -w
将主机的数据库远程备份并恢复到从机中。其中db1是我添加在系统hosts里的，对于不想添加的，可以直接使用Ip地址。其实hosts中的文件就是给出不同IP的别名，方便使用。其他参数请--help.
1.4 备份还原到从机后，需要添加另外一个配置文件：recovery.conf,此时才把主机与从机区分开来。在PGHOME目录下的share文件夹中有实例文件，将之拷贝过来，修改即可。
执行cp /usr/local/pgsql/share/recovery.conf.sample /usr/local/pgsql/data/recovery.conf.
主要配置：
standby_mode = 'on' #开启从机模式
trigger_file = '/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg.trigger'#注意路径是可以自定义的，但是当主机失效，从机变为主机是，为产生该文件，但当重新恢复为从机自己写的shell脚本要删除该文件，注意权限问题。
primary_conninfo = 'host=db1'
1.5 此时可以启动从机的数据库了。此时会报如下错误：
FATAL: data directory "/usr/local/pgsql/data" has group or world access
DETAIL: Permissions should be u=rwx (0700).所以，此时要修改data的权限为700.修改之后启动，就没问题了。此时查看启动日志：data/pg_log中的日志如下：
LOG: creating missing WAL directory "pg_xlog/archive_status"
LOG: entering standby mode
LOG: redo starts at 0/4000020
LOG: consistent recovery state reached at 0/40000C8
LOG: database system is ready to accept read only connections
LOG: streaming replication successfully connected to primary
说明，此时从机已经开启了从机模式，只读模式等待连接，并且已经连接到主机的数据库。
1.6验证数据同步。
①在主库中创建表，查看从库中是否有同样的数据表即可。
②当然也可以主机中在psql中执行：select * from pg_stat_replication;
pid | usesysid | usename | application_name | client_addr | client_hostname | client_port | backend_start | state | sent_location | write_locat
ion | flush_location | replay_location | sync_priority | sync_state
-------+----------+----------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+-------------+-------------------------------+-----------+---------------+------------
----+----------------+-----------------+---------------+------------
22877 | 10 | postgres | walreceiver | 192.168.1.50 | | 47967 | 2015-09-18 16:09:13.711784+08 | streaming | 0/5016334 | 0/5016334
| 0/5016334 | 0/5016334 | 1 | sync ③在主机中运行命令：top -c -u postgres
12707 postgres 15 0 4612 1368 1108 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.09 bash
13190 postgres 18 0 4992 1256 1072 T 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 vi pg_hba.conf
17668 postgres 15 0 281m 16m 15m S 0.0 1.6 0:00.03 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
17669 postgres 18 0 9124 660 356 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 postgres: logger process
17671 postgres 16 0 281m 3164 2808 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.34 postgres: checkpointer process
17672 postgres 15 0 281m 2544 2208 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 postgres: writer process
17673 postgres 15 0 281m 840 504 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 postgres: wal writer process
17674 postgres 18 0 282m 1680 984 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process
17675 postgres 18 0 9168 688 356 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 postgres: archiver process last was 000000010000000000000004
17676 postgres 16 0 9168 796 424 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 postgres: stats collector process
22877 postgres 18 0 282m 2176 1360 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 postgres: wal sender process postgres 192.168.1.50(47967) streaming 0/5016334
25439 postgres 15 0 2432 1068 816 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.19 top -c -u postgres ④在从机中运行命令：top -c -u postgres
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
12446 postgres 15 0 4612 1384 1120 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 bash
19711 postgres 15 0 4612 1376 1116 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 bash
20040 postgres 15 0 4612 1360 1124 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 bash
20152 postgres 15 0 4612 1388 1124 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.05 bash
21809 postgres 18 0 281m 16m 15m S 0.0 1.6 0:00.05 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
21810 postgres 22 0 9120 652 352 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 postgres: logger process
21811 postgres 15 0 282m 1784 1420 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 postgres: startup process recovering 000000010000000000
21812 postgres 16 0 281m 2988 2640 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.00 postgres: checkpointer process
21813 postgres 15 0 281m 2532 2200 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 postgres: writer process
21814 postgres 16 0 9164 780 408 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 postgres: stats collector process
21815 postgres 15 0 282m 1768 1244 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.28 postgres: wal receiver process streaming 0/50163B8
24569 postgres 15 0 2432 1072 816 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.14 top -c -u postgres都可以证明已经正常启动。
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