Docker镜像创建
- 一、基于现有容器（现有镜像）创建镜像服务
- 1.1创建镜像命令
- 1.2 制作过程
- 二、基于模板创建镜像服务
- 2.1 创建过程
- 三、基于Dockerfile创建镜像
- 3.1 Dockerfile操作指令
- 3.2 创作镜像过程（例如，创建apache）
一、基于现有容器（现有镜像）创建镜像服务
1.1创建镜像命令
- docker create -it centos /bin/bash
- docker commit [选项] 容器id/名称 仓库名称:标签
- docker images | grep daoke
1.2 制作过程
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos ##下载一个镜像
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
3c72a8ed6814: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:76d24f3ba3317fa945743bb3746fbaf3a0b752f10b10376960de01da70685fbd
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images ##查看镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 3 months ago 215MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker create -it centos /bin/bash ##对已有镜像创建容器
35b0118ddf88d177b802a52be14ca4c47c8b95608eca26bc8a1fcd213acb5b39
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a ##查看创建的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
35b0118ddf88 centos "/bin/bash" 12 seconds ago Created xenodochial_heyrovsky
##创建镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -m "newest" -a "daoke" 35b0118ddf88 daoke:latest
sha256:18d693dea91e87749b4a440b9b5208b4819d7925b85d0e1589ed8d7e85f1318c
[root@localhost ~]# docker images ##查看镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
daoke latest 18d693dea91e 16 seconds ago 215MB
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 3 months ago 215MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker images | grep daoke
daoke latest 18d693dea91e 35 seconds ago 215MB二、基于模板创建镜像服务
2.1 创建过程
##把debian-7.0-x86-minimal.tar.gz软件包导入到root目录下
[root@localhost ~]# ll
总用量 134068
-rw-------. 1 root root 1903 8月 10 11:14 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 88436521 11月 26 03:24 debian-7.0-x86-minimal.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1951 8月 10 11:15 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 38 7161 31415 4096 10月 26 20:37 mysql-5.7.20
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 10 08:02 公共
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 10 08:02 模板
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 10 08:02 视频
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 10 08:02 图片
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 10 08:02 文档
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 10 08:02 下载
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 10 08:02 音乐
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 10 08:02 桌面
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi 18d693dea91e ##把刚刚创建的镜像删除
Untagged: daoke:latest
Deleted: sha256:18d693dea91e87749b4a440b9b5208b4819d7925b85d0e1589ed8d7e85f1318c
[root@localhost ~]# docker images ##查看
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 3 months ago 215MB
###导出新的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cat debian-7.0-x86-minimal.tar.gz | docker import - daoke:latest
sha256:37906cde6825cc6f4b0d54256ccede074de61b720f1d0b55688401c9c4dd81a3
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
daoke latest 37906cde6825 8 seconds ago 215MB
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 3 months ago 215MB三、基于Dockerfile创建镜像
定义：dockerfile是由一组指令组成的文件
3.1 Dockerfile操作指令
指令 | 含义 |
FROM镜像 | 指定新镜像所基于的镜像，第一条指令必须为FROM指令，每创建一个镜像就需要一条FROM指令 |
MAIINTAINER名字 | 说明新镜像的维护人信息 |
RUN 命令 | 在所基于的镜像上执行的命令，并提交到新的镜像中 |
CMD[ "要运行的程序”，“参数1，参数2”] | 指令启动容器时要运行的命令或脚本，Dockerfile只能有一条CMD命令，如果指令多条则只能最后一条被执行 |
EXPOSE端口号 | 指定新镜像加载到Docker时要开启的端口 |
ENV环境变量 变量值 | 设置一个环境变量的值，会被后面的RUN使用 |
ADD 源文件/目录 目标文件/目录 | 将源文件复制到目标文件，源文件要与Dockerfile位于相同目录，或者一个URL |
COPY 源文件/目录 目标文件/目录 | 将本地主机上的文件/目录复制到目标地点，源文件/目录要与Dockerfile在相同目录中 |
VOLUME [ “目录” ] | 在容器中创建一个挂载点 |
USER 用户名/UID | 指定运用容器时的用户 |
WORKDIR 路径 | 为后续的RUN，CMD,ENTRYPOINT指定工作目录 |
ONBUILD命令 | 指定所生成的镜像作为一个基础镜像时所要运行的命令 |
HEALTHCHECK | 健康检查 |
3.2 创作镜像过程（例如，创建apache）
1，创建挂载点目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir apache
[root@localhost ~]# cd apache/2，创建dockerfile文件
[root@localhost apache]# vim DOckerfile
FROM centos:7 ###基于centos:7镜像创建apache镜像，没有centos:7,会自动创建
MAINTAINER This is my object ###指定维护镜像的用户信息（自己定义的）
RUN yum -y update ##镜像操作指定apache软件
RUN yum -y install httpd
EXPOSE 80 ##开启80端口
ADD index.html /var/www/html/index.html ##复制网站首页文件
ADD run.sh /run.sh ##将执行的脚本复制到镜像中
CMD ["/run.sh"] ##启动容器时执行脚本3， 编写执行脚本
[root@localhost apache]# vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
rm -rf /run/httpd/*
exec /usr/sbin/apachectl -D FOREGROUND4, 写apache页面
[root@localhost apache]# vi index.html
<h1>This is my web</h1>5,生成新镜像（注意：每生成一个临时容器到下一步都会丢弃掉）
[root@localhost apache]# docker build -t httpd:centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.096kB
Step 1/9 : FROM centos:7
7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0f4ec88e21daf75124b8a9e5ca03c37a5e937e0e108a255d890492430789b60e
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
---> 8652b9f0cb4c
Step 2/9 : MAINTAINER This is my object
---> Running in 0dbd69a5f274
Removing intermediate container 0dbd69a5f274
---> 30258fd67529
Step 3/9 : RUN yum -y update
---> Running in 08a65a126c4d
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.cn99.com
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind-license.noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7 will be updated
---> Package bind-license.noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.2 will be an update
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.22-24.el7 will be updated
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.22-24.el7_9.2 will be an update
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7 will be updated
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-7.el7 will be updated
---> Package glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-8.el7 will be an update
---> Package kpartx.x86_64 0:0.4.9-133.el7 will be updated
---> Package kpartx.x86_64 0:0.4.9-134.el7_9 will be an update
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7 will be updated
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7_9.1 will be an update
---> Package python.x86_64 0:2.7.5-89.el7 will be updated
---> Package python.x86_64 0:2.7.5-90.el7 will be an update
---> Package python-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.5-89.el7 will be updated
---> Package python-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.5-90.el7 will be an update
---> Package systemd.x86_64 0:219-78.el7 will be updated
---> Package systemd.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.2 will be an update
---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-78.el7 will be updated
---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.2 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Updating:
bind-license noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.2 updates 90 k
coreutils x86_64 8.22-24.el7_9.2 updates 3.3 M
curl x86_64 7.29.0-59.el7_9.1 updates 271 k
glib2 x86_64 2.56.1-8.el7 updates 2.5 M
kpartx x86_64 0.4.9-134.el7_9 updates 81 k
libcurl x86_64 7.29.0-59.el7_9.1 updates 223 k
python x86_64 2.7.5-90.el7 updates 96 k
python-libs x86_64 2.7.5-90.el7 updates 5.6 M
systemd x86_64 219-78.el7_9.2 updates 5.1 M
systemd-libs x86_64 219-78.el7_9.2 updates 418 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade 10 Packages
Total download size: 18 M
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.2.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.2.noarch.rpm is not installed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 6.8 MB/s | 18 MB 00:02
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
Package : centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64 (@CentOS)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : libcurl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.1.x86_64 1/20
Updating : coreutils-8.22-24.el7_9.2.x86_64 2/20
Updating : python-libs-2.7.5-90.el7.x86_64 3/20
Updating : systemd-libs-219-78.el7_9.2.x86_64 4/20
Updating : systemd-219-78.el7_9.2.x86_64 5/20
Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted
Updating : python-2.7.5-90.el7.x86_64 6/20
Updating : curl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.1.x86_64 7/20
Updating : glib2-2.56.1-8.el7.x86_64 8/20
Updating : 32:bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.2.noarch 9/20
Updating : kpartx-0.4.9-134.el7_9.x86_64 10/20
Cleanup : systemd-219-78.el7.x86_64 11/20
Cleanup : python-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64 12/20
Cleanup : python-libs-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64 13/20
Cleanup : curl-7.29.0-59.el7.x86_64 14/20
Cleanup : 32:bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7.noarch 15/20
Cleanup : libcurl-7.29.0-59.el7.x86_64 16/20
Cleanup : coreutils-8.22-24.el7.x86_64 17/20
Cleanup : systemd-libs-219-78.el7.x86_64 18/20
Cleanup : glib2-2.56.1-7.el7.x86_64 19/20
Cleanup : kpartx-0.4.9-133.el7.x86_64 20/20
Verifying : curl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.1.x86_64 1/20
Verifying : python-libs-2.7.5-90.el7.x86_64 2/20
Verifying : kpartx-0.4.9-134.el7_9.x86_64 3/20
Verifying : coreutils-8.22-24.el7_9.2.x86_64 4/20
Verifying : systemd-libs-219-78.el7_9.2.x86_64 5/20
Verifying : libcurl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.1.x86_64 6/20
Verifying : 32:bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.2.noarch 7/20
Verifying : systemd-219-78.el7_9.2.x86_64 8/20
Verifying : python-2.7.5-90.el7.x86_64 9/20
Verifying : glib2-2.56.1-8.el7.x86_64 10/20
Verifying : libcurl-7.29.0-59.el7.x86_64 11/20
Verifying : python-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64 12/20
Verifying : kpartx-0.4.9-133.el7.x86_64 13/20
Verifying : systemd-219-78.el7.x86_64 14/20
Verifying : 32:bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7.noarch 15/20
Verifying : curl-7.29.0-59.el7.x86_64 16/20
Verifying : systemd-libs-219-78.el7.x86_64 17/20
Verifying : coreutils-8.22-24.el7.x86_64 18/20
Verifying : python-libs-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64 19/20
Verifying : glib2-2.56.1-7.el7.x86_64 20/20
Updated:
bind-license.noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.2
coreutils.x86_64 0:8.22-24.el7_9.2
curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7_9.1
glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-8.el7
kpartx.x86_64 0:0.4.9-134.el7_9
libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7_9.1
python.x86_64 0:2.7.5-90.el7
python-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.5-90.el7
systemd.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.2
systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.2
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 08a65a126c4d
---> efa963f95abb
Step 4/9 : RUN yum -y install httpd
---> Running in ff02d3c4d646
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.cn99.com
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-97.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: system-logos >= 7.92.1-1 for package: httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package centos-logos.noarch 0:70.0.6-3.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos updates 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 base 104 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
centos-logos noarch 70.0.6-3.el7.centos base 21 M
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos updates 93 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+5 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 24 M
Installed size: 32 M
Downloading packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 8.4 MB/s | 24 MB 00:02
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/6
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/6
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 3/6
Installing : centos-logos-70.0.6-3.el7.centos.noarch 4/6
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 5/6
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 1/6
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : centos-logos-70.0.6-3.el7.centos.noarch 6/6
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7
apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
centos-logos.noarch 0:70.0.6-3.el7.centos
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos
mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
Complete!
Removing intermediate container ff02d3c4d646
---> 3db0bc2d8888
Step 5/9 : EXPOSE 80
---> Running in c5f1df1b2dcb
Removing intermediate container c5f1df1b2dcb
---> 167b2b41d6dd
Step 6/9 : ADD index.html /var/www/html/index.html
---> e06644772dab
Step 7/9 : ADD run.sh /run.sh
---> a69d4a700f35
Step 8/9 : RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
---> Running in 34dbe82ca2d6
Removing intermediate container 34dbe82ca2d6
---> d5f3e15fdc17
Step 9/9 : CMD ["/run.sh"]
---> Running in 34dc49192d48
Removing intermediate container 34dc49192d48
---> 2b43313c1d7e
Successfully built 2b43313c1d7e
Successfully tagged httpd:centos6，指定新镜像运行的容器（这里的1000只要不和地址冲突就行）
[root@localhost apache]# docker run -d -p 1000:80 httpd:centos
163af4d0fb0c7de929fb96bbab9af0e546778f54ec3ca11e379092be77d5bc3b9 验证
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