安装蓝牙通信模块pybluez

Windows下pybluez的安装

注：本文的开发环境为Windows10+Python3.7.3

pip install pybluez
  • 安装过程中会出现如下图所示的问题：

python智能蓝牙小车程序 python 蓝牙模块_python智能蓝牙小车程序

产生这种问题的原因是windows系统没有安装相应的SDK，没有 Microsoft SDKs这个文件夹，解决办法如下：

windows7安装文件的下载地址：https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=8279

windows10安装文件的下载地址：https://developer.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/downloads/windows-10-sdk

安装对应系统的SDK之前，最好先卸载系统里的Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable和.NET.Framework再安装对应的SDK

再次安装 pybluez还是有错误，查看安装目录，按照setup.py要求MS_SDK = r'Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v6.0A' 目录

windows7需要手动修改Microsoft SDKs下文件夹v7.1为v6.0A

windows10需要手动修改Microsoft SDKs下文件夹v10.0A为v7.0A

完成后再安装新的Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable和.NET.Framework

windows10经过以上步骤后，依然会出现如下的问题：

python智能蓝牙小车程序 python 蓝牙模块_ide_02

这种问题最简单的方法是装个visual studio2017以上的软件的C++编译环境，再次安装即可成功

Linux下pybluez的安装

安装pybluez模块之前先要安装libbluetooth-dev，否则会报错。

蓝牙通信模块pybluez的使用

选择蓝牙通信对象

通过用户友好的名字来寻找通信对象

import bluetooth

target_name = "My Device"
target_address = None

nearby_devices = bluetooth.discover_devices()

for bdaddr in nearby_devices:
    if target_name == bluetooth.lookup_name( bdaddr ):
        target_address = bdaddr
        break

if target_address is not None:
    print("found target bluetooth device with address ", target_address)
else:
    print("could not find target bluetooth device nearby")

查询设备服务 

import bluetooth

nearby_devices = bluetooth.discover_devices(lookup_names=True)
for addr, name in nearby_devices:
    print("  %s - %s" % (addr, name))

    services = bluetooth.find_service(address=addr)
    for svc in services:
        print("Service Name: %s"    % svc["name"])
        print("    Host:        %s" % svc["host"])
        print("    Description: %s" % svc["description"])
        print("    Provided By: %s" % svc["provider"])
        print("    Protocol:    %s" % svc["protocol"])
        print("    channel/PSM: %s" % svc["port"])
        print("    svc classes: %s "% svc["service-classes"])
        print("    profiles:    %s "% svc["profiles"])
        print("    service id:  %s "% svc["service-id"])
        print("")

通过RFCOMM方式进行通信

采用类似于socket编程模型的方式进行蓝牙通信的编程

1.服务器端程序

import bluetooth

server_sock=bluetooth.BluetoothSocket( bluetooth.RFCOMM )

port = 1
server_sock.bind(("",port))
server_sock.listen(1)

client_sock,address = server_sock.accept()
print "Accepted connection from ",address

data = client_sock.recv(1024)
print "received [%s]" % data

client_sock.close()
server_sock.close()

2. 客户端程序

import bluetooth

bd_addr = "01:23:45:67:89:AB"

port = 1

sock=bluetooth.BluetoothSocket( bluetooth.RFCOMM )
sock.connect((bd_addr, port))

sock.send("hello!!")

sock.close()

通过L2CAP方式进行通信

L2CAP的sockets方式几乎等同于RFCOMM的sockets方式，唯一的不同是通过L2CAP的方式，并且端口是0x1001到0x8FFF之间的奇数端口。默认的连接可以传送的可靠报文是672个字节。

1.服务器端程序

import bluetooth

server_sock=bluetooth.BluetoothSocket( bluetooth.L2CAP )

port = 0x1001
server_sock.bind(("",port))
server_sock.listen(1)

client_sock,address = server_sock.accept()
print "Accepted connection from ",address

data = client_sock.recv(1024)
print "received [%s]" % data

client_sock.close()
server_sock.close()

2.客户端程序

import bluetooth

sock=bluetooth.BluetoothSocket(bluetooth.L2CAP)

bd_addr = "01:23:45:67:89:AB"
port = 0x1001

sock.connect((bd_addr, port))

sock.send("hello!!")

sock.close()

调整MTU大小

l2cap_sock = bluetooth.BluetoothSocket( bluetooth.L2CAP )
    .
    . # connect the socket
    .
bluetooth.set_l2cap_mtu( l2cap_sock, 65535 )

参考文献

http://people.csail.mit.edu/albert/bluez-intro/c212.html 

https://draapho.github.io/2016/11/15/1616-python-ble/