报错详细：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument(ZLjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)V
    at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1357)
    at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1338)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.setJar(JobConf.java:536)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.setJarByClass(JobConf.java:554)
    at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.<init>(JobConf.java:448)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.initialize(HiveConf.java:5141)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.<init>(HiveConf.java:5099)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.LogUtils.initHiveLog4jCommon(LogUtils.java:97)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.LogUtils.initHiveLog4j(LogUtils.java:81)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:699)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:683)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)

错误原因：系统找不到这个类所在的jar包或者jar包的版本不一样系统不知道使用哪个。hive启动报错的原因是后者

解决办法：

1、com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument这个类所在的jar包为：guava.jar

2、hadoop-3.2.1（路径：hadoop\share\hadoop\common\lib）中该jar包为  guava-27.0-jre.jar；而hive-3.1.2(路径：hive/lib)中该jar包为guava-19.0.1.jar

3、将jar包变成一致的版本：删除hive中低版本jar包，将hadoop中高版本的复制到hive的lib中。

再次启动问题得到解决！

 

唯有热爱方能抵御岁月漫长。