【Python】多个Python包懒得import，那就一包搞定！

本文分享：Python工具pyforest

使用Python时，有的代码需要依赖多个框架或库者来完成，代码开头需要import多次，比如，

import pandas as pd
from pyspark import SparkContext
from openpyxl import load_workbook
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

本次分享一个Python工具pyforest，只需要import pyforest一行代码即可导入所有依赖的python包（机器上已安装过的），

---

pyforest安装

支持Python 3.6+之后的版本，因为pyforest开发者是py流行的字符串格式化机制f-strings的忠实粉丝。

pip install --upgrade pyforest -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

---

pyforest使用

以使用seaborn可视化为例，

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
转载请标明来源！转载请标明来源！转载请标明来源！
@Time    :   2023年10月
@Author  :   公众号:pythonic生物人
@Contact :   公众号:pythonic生物人
@Desc    :   Demo for pyforest
'''

#第1步：导入依赖包
import pyforest

#第2步：设置绘图风格、文本字体
sns.set_theme()
mpl.rcParams['font.family'] = 'Songti SC'

#第3步：数据读取
tips = pd.read_csv('./sns_data/tips.csv')

#第4步：seaborn绘图
sns.relplot(data=tips,
            x="消费金额 ($)",
            y="小费金额 ($)",
            col="就餐时间",
            hue="是否吸烟",
            style="是否吸烟",
            size="一起就餐人数 (个)")

可看到仅import pyforest一行代码就一次性导入了seaborn、pandas、matplotlib包，省略了重复使用import语句，即下面这些代码，

import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib as mpl

---

pyforest支持哪些包

pyforest覆盖99%以上主流Python Data Science libraries例如，import pandas as pd，import numpy as np，import matplotlib.pyplot as plt, from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression等等。

注意：pyforest中导入的包遵循python社区默认的简称，如pandas>pd、seaborn>sns、matplotlib.pyplot>plt等等。

具体支持哪些包，可通过dir(pyforest)或者https://github.com/8080labs/pyforest/blob/master/src/pyforest/_imports.py查看，详细如下，

### Data Wrangling
pd = LazyImport("import pandas as pd")

np = LazyImport("import numpy as np")

dd = LazyImport("from dask import dataframe as dd")
SparkContext = LazyImport("from pyspark import SparkContext")

load_workbook = LazyImport("from openpyxl import load_workbook")

open_workbook = LazyImport("from xlrd import open_workbook")

wr = LazyImport("import awswrangler as wr")

### Data Visualization and Plotting
mpl = LazyImport("import matplotlib as mpl")
plt = LazyImport("import matplotlib.pyplot as plt")

sns = LazyImport("import seaborn as sns")

py = LazyImport("import plotly as py")
go = LazyImport("import plotly.graph_objs as go")
px = LazyImport("import plotly.express as px")

dash = LazyImport("import dash")

bokeh = LazyImport("import bokeh")

alt = LazyImport("import altair as alt")

pydot = LazyImport("import pydot")

### Image processing

cv2 = LazyImport("import cv2")
skimage = LazyImport("import skimage")
Image = LazyImport("from PIL import Image")
imutils = LazyImport("import imutils")

# statistics
statistics = LazyImport("import statistics")
stats = LazyImport("from scipy import stats")
sm = LazyImport("import statsmodels.api as sm")

### Time-Series Forecasting
fbprophet = LazyImport("import fbprophet")
Prophet = LazyImport("from fbprophet import Prophet")
ARIMA = LazyImport("from statsmodels.tsa.arima_model import ARIMA")

### Machine Learning
sklearn = LazyImport("import sklearn")

LinearRegression = LazyImport("from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression")
LogisticRegression = LazyImport("from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression")
Lasso = LazyImport("from sklearn.linear_model import Lasso")
LassoCV = LazyImport("from sklearn.linear_model import LassoCV")
Ridge = LazyImport("from sklearn.linear_model import Ridge")
RidgeCV = LazyImport("from sklearn.linear_model import RidgeCV")
ElasticNet = LazyImport("from sklearn.linear_model import ElasticNet")
ElasticNetCV = LazyImport("from sklearn.linear_model import ElasticNetCV")
PolynomialFeatures = LazyImport("from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures")
StandardScaler = LazyImport("from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler")
MinMaxScaler = LazyImport("from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler")
RobustScaler = LazyImport("from sklearn.preprocessing import RobustScaler")


OneHotEncoder = LazyImport("from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder")
LabelEncoder = LazyImport("from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder")
TSNE = LazyImport("from sklearn.manifold import TSNE")
PCA = LazyImport("from sklearn.decomposition import PCA")
SimpleImputer = LazyImport("from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer")
train_test_split = LazyImport("from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split")
cross_val_score = LazyImport("from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score")
GridSearchCV = LazyImport("from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV")
RandomizedSearchCV = LazyImport("from sklearn.model_selection import RandomizedSearchCV")
KFold = LazyImport("from sklearn.model_selection import KFold")
StratifiedKFold = LazyImport("from sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedKFold")

svm = LazyImport("from sklearn import svm")
GradientBoostingClassifier = LazyImport(
    "from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier"
)
GradientBoostingRegressor = LazyImport(
    "from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor"
)
RandomForestClassifier = LazyImport(
    "from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier"
)
RandomForestRegressor = LazyImport("from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor")

TfidfVectorizer = LazyImport(
    "from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer"
)

CountVectorizer = LazyImport(
    "from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer"
)

metrics = LazyImport("from sklearn import metrics")

sg = LazyImport("from scipy import signal as sg")

# Clustering
KMeans = LazyImport ("from sklearn.cluster import KMeans")

# Gradient Boosting Decision Tree
xgb = LazyImport("import xgboost as xgb")
lgb = LazyImport("import lightgbm as lgb")

# TODO: add all the other most important sklearn objects
# TODO: add separate sections within machine learning viz. Classification, Regression, Error Functions, Clustering

# Deep Learning
tf = LazyImport("import tensorflow as tf")
keras = LazyImport("import keras")
torch = LazyImport("import torch")
fastai = LazyImport("import fastai")

# NLP
nltk = LazyImport("import nltk")
gensim = LazyImport("import gensim")
spacy = LazyImport("import spacy")
re = LazyImport("import re")
textblob = LazyImport("import textblob")

### Helper
sys = LazyImport("import sys")
os = LazyImport("import os")
re = LazyImport("import re")
glob = LazyImport("import glob")
Path = LazyImport("from pathlib import Path")

pickle = LazyImport("import pickle")

dt = LazyImport("import datetime as dt")

tqdm = LazyImport("import tqdm")

---

pyforest不支持的包怎么办

pyforest中导入的包遵循python社区默认的简称，如pandas>pd、seaborn>sns、matplotlib.pyplot>plt等等。

如果想个性化自己的包导入简称，可在~/.pyforest/user_imports.py中添加自己的个性化设置即可，

例如，一般是import pandas as pd，如果想设置为import pandas as pd_test,

~/.pyforest/user_imports.py中添加import pandas as pd_test保存即可。

同样当pyforest不包含自己的包时，也可以以上面同样的方法添加。

进一步学习：https://github.com/8080labs/pyforest