使用oracle的大数据工具ODCH访问HDFS数据文件

软件下载

Oracle Big Data Connectors：ODCH

下载地址：

​​http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/bdc/big-data-connectors/downloads/index.html​​

Jave SE 下载地址：

​​http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk6u38-downloads-1877406.html​​

Oracle11g下载地址：

Oracle Enterprise Linux下载地址：需要注册oracle帐号才能下载：

​​https://edelivery.oracle.com/linux​​

安装Oracle服务器

在虚拟机或者物理机下安装都可以：

基本上就是一顿下一步。

然后安装oracle11g，这个真是折腾了好几天

最后按照这篇文章操作，安装成功。

​​http://wenku.baidu.com/view/fc804254be23482fb4da4c63.html​​

我觉得这块最好的文章就是oracle的官方给的教程：

​​http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24326/toc.htm​​

安装hadoop

遇到问题1：

ssh 免密码登录设置后还是提示需要输入密码

解决方法如下：

chmod 700 ~/.ssh/

chmod 700 /home/userName
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

遇到的问题2：

Agent admitted failure to sign using the key

解決办法：

应用 ssh-add 指令將私钥加进来（名称可能不是 id_rsa）
＃ ssh-add   ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Hadoop/Oracle架构

机器部署情况：

主机名	IP	系统版本	Oracle node	Hadoop node	hadoop进程名
Master	192.168.74.153	OEL6.4	Oracle11.2.0.2	master	namenode,jobtracker
Node1	192.168.2.147	Ubuntu12.04	无	slave	datanode,tasktracker
Node2	192.168.2.148	Ubuntu12.04	无	slave	datanode,tasktracker

主要环境变量：

变量名	变量值
ORACLE_HOME	/oracle/11g
ORACLE_SID	orcl
HADOOP_HOME	/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2
HADOOP_CONF_DIR	$HADOOP_HOME/conf
OSCH_HOME	/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0
ORAHDFS_JAR	$OSCH_HOME/jlib/orahdfs.jar
HDFS_BIN_PATH	/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0
HADOOP_CLASSPATH	$OSCH_HOME/jlib/*

按照以上配置。

安装ODCH并设置环境变量

在opt下建立文件夹odch，将文件传到这个目录下解压缩。

/opt/odch

解压缩：

unzip orahdfs-2.2.0.zip

然后添加hadoop\oracle\ODCH主要要环境变量

进入hadoop用户主目录，vi .bash_profile

我的配置如下（可参考）：

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11g
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/usr/X11R6/lib64/
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop/jdk1.7.0_21/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/conf

export OSCH_HOME=/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0
export ORAHDFS_JAR=$OSCH_HOME/jlib/orahdfs.jar
export HDFS_BIN_PATH=$OSCH_HOME/bin

export JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop/jdk1.7.0_21
export PATH

修改用户组属性：

说明：因为之前的hadoop安装在hadoop系统用户下，而oracle安装在了oracle系统用户下，为了操作方便，使hadoop用户有操作oracle操作库的权限，现在修改hadoop系统用户属组，添加到和oracle同样的用户组下。

--查看之前的用户属组

[hadoop@master ~]$ id hadoop
uid=501(hadoop) gid=503(hadoop) groups=503(hadoop)
[hadoop@master ~]$ id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)

--修改用户属组

vi /etc/group
--再查看用户组属性
[hadoop@master ~]$ id hadoop
uid=501(hadoop) gid=503(hadoop) groups=503(hadoop),501(oinstall),502(dba)

然后重启一下计算机。

启动oracle并测试

连接oracle启动数据库

[hadoop@master Desktop]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Aug 17 11:06:08 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
//启动数据库
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size            2213896 bytes
Variable Size          973080568 bytes
Database Buffers      671088640 bytes
Redo Buffers            7135232 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
//显示数据库实例名
SQL> show parameter db_name;

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                  string     orcl

然后启动oracle的listener

[hadoop@master Desktop]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-AUG-2013 11:21:33
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /opt/oracle/11g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/11g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/master/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=master)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                17-AUG-2013 11:21:33
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/11g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/master/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=master)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
//检查一下状态
[hadoop@master Desktop]$ lsnrctl stat
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-AUG-2013 11:21:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                17-AUG-2013 11:21:33
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 19 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/11g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/master/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=master)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

配置HDFS_STREAM和建表

进入目录/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/bin，用vi打开hdfs_stream文件，加入如下配置：

export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0
export OSCH_HOME=/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0
export PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin

确保oracle用户对$ODCH_LOG_DIR/logs目录有读写权限

因为Oracle用户需要在 {$ODCH_LOG_DIR} 目录中创建log/bad文件，所以要确保oracle用户对$ODCH_LOG_DIR/log目录有读写权限

--修改目录权限，测试读写文件

[root@gc opt]# chmod -R 777 odch/
[root@gc opt]# su - oracle
[oracle@gc ~]$ cd /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/log/
[oracle@gc log]$ touch ora_access_test
[oracle@gc log]$ rm ora_access_test

配置操作系统目录和数据库的Directory对象

--创建所用的系统目录

[root@gc ~]# mkdir -p /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/logs
[root@gc ~]# mkdir -p /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/extdir
[root@gc ~]# chmod 777 /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/logs
[root@gc ~]# chmod 777 /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/extdir

--创建oracle Directory对象

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL> create or replace directory ODCH_LOG_DIR as '/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/logs';
Directory created.
SQL> grant read, write on directory ODCH_LOG_DIR to SCOTT;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> create or replace directory ODCH_DATA_DIR as '/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/extdir';
Directory created.
SQL> grant read, write on directory ODCH_DATA_DIR to SCOTT;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> create or replace directory HDFS_BIN_PATH as '/opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/bin';
Directory created.
SQL> grant execute on directory HDFS_BIN_PATH to SCOTT;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> grant read, write on directory HDFS_BIN_PATH to SCOTT;
Grant succeeded.

--目录对象说明

HDFS_BIN_PATH:：hdfs_stream脚本所在目录.

HDFS_DATA_DIR：用来存放“位置文件”(location files)的目录。“位置文件”(location files) 是一个配置文件，里面包含HDFS的文件路径/文件名以及文件编码格式。

ODCH_LOG_DIR：Oracle用来存放外部表的log/bad等文件的目录.

创建oracle外部表：

conn scott/tiger
在登录的时候提示：
ORA-28000: the account is locked
ALTER USER scott  ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

连上之后然后创建表：

CREATE TABLE odch_ext_table  ( ID NUMBER ,OWNER VARCHAR2(128)  ,NAME VARCHAR2(128) ,MODIFIED DATE ,Val NUMBER ) ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL  (TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTORY ODCH_DATA_DIR ACCESS PARAMETERS  ( records delimited by newline preprocessor HDFS_BIN_PATH:hdfs_stream badfile ODCH_LOG_DIR:'odch_ext_table%a_%p.bad'  logfile ODCH_LOG_DIR:'odch_ext_table%a_%p.log'  fields terminated by ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' missing field values are null (  ID DECIMAL EXTERNAL, OWNER CHAR(200), NAME CHAR(200), MODIFIED CHAR DATE_FORMAT DATE MASK "YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS", Val DECIMAL EXTERNAL  ) ) LOCATION ('Tmpdata.csv') ) PARALLEL REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;

准备示例文件

--示例文件内容

在附件中Tmpdata.csv

1,SYS,ORA$BASE,15-AUG-09,11
2,SYS,DUAL,15-AUG-09,116
3,PUBLIC,DUAL,15-AUG-09,33
4,PUBLIC,MAP_OBJECT,15-AUG-09,55

文件的准备过程：

Tmpdata.csv文件是我们通过all_objects生成的，SQL脚本为：select rownum,owner,object_name,created,data_object_id from all_objects

-- 建立存储过程
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE SQL_TO_CSV
     (
         P_QUERY IN VARCHAR2,                        -- PLSQL文
         P_DIR IN VARCHAR2,                          -- 导出的文件放置目录
         P_FILENAME IN VARCHAR2                      -- CSV名
 )
 IS
         L_OUTPUT UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE;
         L_THECURSOR INTEGER DEFAULT DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR;
         L_COLUMNVALUE VARCHAR2(4000);
         L_STATUS INTEGER;
         L_COLCNT NUMBER := 0;
         L_SEPARATOR VARCHAR2(1);
         L_DESCTBL DBMS_SQL.DESC_TAB;
         P_MAX_LINESIZE NUMBER := 32000;
 BEGIN
         --OPEN FILE
         L_OUTPUT := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(P_DIR, P_FILENAME, 'W', P_MAX_LINESIZE);
         --DEFINE DATE FORMAT
         EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT=''YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS''';
         --OPEN CURSOR
         DBMS_SQL.PARSE( L_THECURSOR, P_QUERY, DBMS_SQL.NATIVE );
         DBMS_SQL.DESCRIBE_COLUMNS( L_THECURSOR, L_COLCNT, L_DESCTBL );
         --DUMP TABLE COLUMN NAME
         FOR I IN 1 .. L_COLCNT LOOP
             UTL_FILE.PUT( L_OUTPUT, L_SEPARATOR || '”' || L_DESCTBL(I).COL_NAME || '”' );
             DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN( L_THECURSOR, I, L_COLUMNVALUE, 4000 );
             L_SEPARATOR := ',';
         END LOOP;
         UTL_FILE.NEW_LINE( L_OUTPUT );
         --EXECUTE THE QUERY STATEMENT
         L_STATUS := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE(L_THECURSOR);
         --DUMP TABLE COLUMN VALUE
         WHILE ( DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS(L_THECURSOR) > 0 ) LOOP
             L_SEPARATOR := '';
             FOR I IN 1 .. L_COLCNT LOOP
                 DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE( L_THECURSOR, I, L_COLUMNVALUE );
                 UTL_FILE.PUT( L_OUTPUT, L_SEPARATOR || '”' ||
                 TRIM(BOTH ' ' FROM REPLACE(L_COLUMNVALUE,'”','””')) || '”');
                 L_SEPARATOR := ',';
             END LOOP;
             UTL_FILE.NEW_LINE( L_OUTPUT );
         END LOOP;
         --CLOSE CURSOR
         DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(L_THECURSOR);
         --CLOSE FILE
         UTL_FILE.FCLOSE( L_OUTPUT );
 EXCEPTION
         WHEN OTHERS THEN
         RAISE;
 END;
 /
 
 -- 创建存放文件的目录
 CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY MYDIR AS 'C:\';
 
 -- 执行块
  begin
     sql_to_csv('select * from au_jxs ','MYDIR','EXAMPLE.CSV');
  end;
 /

其中路径文件名等可根据实际情况修改。

启动hadoop

[hadoop@master ~]$ start-all.sh 
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.

starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out
node1: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-node1.out
node2: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-node2.out
master: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master.out
starting jobtracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-master.out
node1: starting tasktracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-node1.out
node2: starting tasktracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.0/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-node2.out

--先在Hadoop中建立一个目录，然后把empxt*.dat放入该目录中

[hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop dfs -mkdir odch
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.

[hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop dfs -put Tmpdata.csv odch
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.

[hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop dfs -ls odch
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.

[hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop dfs -ls odch
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.

Found 1 items
-rw-r--r--   2 hadoop supergroup        113 2013-08-18 21:41 /user/hadoop/odch/Tmpdata.csv

生成位置文件

--执行下面的命令

export HADOOP_CLASSPATH="$OSCH_HOME/jlib/*"

[hadoop@master ~]$ hadoop jar \
> ${ORAHDFS_JAR} oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.ExternalTable \
> -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.tableName=odch_ext_table \
> -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.datasetPaths=odch \
> -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.datasetRegex=Tmpdata.csv \
> -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.connection.url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@//192.168.74.153:1521/orcl" \
> -D oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.connection.user=SCOTT \
> -publish
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.

DEPRECATED: The class oracle.hadoop.hdfs.exttab.ExternalTable is deprecated.
It is replaced by oracle.hadoop.exttab.ExternalTable.
Oracle SQL Connector for HDFS Release 2.2.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 2011, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
[Enter Database Password:]
The publish command succeeded.
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."ODCH_EXT_TABLE" 
LOCATION
(
  'osch-20130818094259-1319-1'
);
The following location files were created.
osch-20130818094259-1319-1 contains 1 URI, 113 bytes
         113 hdfs://master:9000/user/hadoop/odch/Tmpdata.csv
The following location files were deleted.

参数说明：

ExternalTable:使用hadoop ExternalTable命令工具

-D:指定相关参数

tableName:外部表名字

datasetPaths:源数据存放路径（HDFS）

datasetRegex:数据源格式

connection.url:oracle数据库连接串

connection.user:数据库用户名scott

命令执行后还要输入用户名密码：oracle

修改参数：

ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."ODCH_EXT_TABLE"
LOCATION
(
'osch-20130818094259-1319-1'
);

查看位置文件内容和外链表信息

进入extdir目录：

[hadoop@master ~]$ cd /opt/odch/orahdfs-2.2.0/extdir/
[hadoop@master extdir]$ ls
osch-20130818083220-7675-1  osch-20130818084052-4686-1  osch-20130818085941-2623-1  osch-20130818094259-1319-1
[hadoop@master extdir]$ more osch-20130818094259-1319-1
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<locationFile>
    <header>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <fileName>osch-20130818094259-1319-1</fileName>
        <createDate>2013-08-18T21:15:40</createDate>
        <publishDate>2013-08-18T09:42:59</publishDate>
        <productName>Oracle SQL Connector for HDFS Release 2.2.0 - Production</productName>
        <productVersion>2.2.0</productVersion>
    </header>
    <uri_list>
        <uri_list_item size="113" compressionCodec="">hdfs://master:9000/user/hadoop/odch/Tmpdata.csv</uri_list_item
>
    </uri_list>
</locationFile>

可以看出上面有了到hadoop的指向信息。

查看外链到hadoop表信息：

在scott用户查看：

SQL> set line 150 pages 1000; 
SQL> col owner for a10 
SQL> col name for a20 
SQL> select * from odch_ext_table;

    ID OWNER      NAME           MODIFIED        VAL
---------- ---------- -------------------- --------- ----------
     1 SYS          ORA$BASE           09-AUG-15         11
     2 SYS          DUAL           09-AUG-15        116
     3 PUBLIC     DUAL           09-AUG-15         33
     4 PUBLIC     MAP_OBJECT       09-AUG-15         55

这些就是查询到的hadoop中的数据信息。

作者：​​张锋​​

本文版权归作者，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须在文章页面给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。

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