一、安装前准备
1、检查是否已经安装过mysql，执行命令
rpm -qa | grep mysql
如果已存在，则执行删除命令 后边为Mysql目录
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-xxxx
2.查询所有Mysql对应的文件夹
whereis mysqlm
find / -name mysql
删除相关目录或文件
rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql /usr/include/mysql /data/mysql /data/mysql/mysql
验证是否删除完毕
whereis mysqlm
find / -name mysql
3.检查服务器上是否已经开放mysql对应的端口
查看已开放端口命令 firewall-cmd --list-ports
以上图片表示，本台服务器防火墙端口仅开放 3389
如：我们需要开放mysql端口为3406，需要如下操作
开放3406端口： firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3406/tcp --permanent
如上图，提示SUCCESS表示端口开启成功
重启防火墙，使开放3406端口生效
重启防火墙 systemctl reload firewalld
4.创建mysql安装目录及数据存放目录
二、下载或者上传mysql安装包
mysql下载地址：
MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
1.mysql约定目录
解压： tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
安装目录：/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-8.0.29
数据目录：/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data
日志目录：/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data
2.检查mysql用户组和用户是否存在，如果没有，则创建
cat /etc/group | grep mysql
cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
3.创建mysql用户
#groupadd -g 500 mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql -u 500 -s /sbin/nologin mysql
出现下图表示安装成功
4.安装mysql依赖包，执行一下命令
yum install -y libaio
3.改变mysql目录用户
chown -R mysql:mysql /home/jysoft/mysql
chmod -R 755 /home/jysoft/mysql
4.上传配置文件至/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406目录下
For advice on how to change settings please see
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[client]
no-beep
port=3406
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
port=3406
character-set-server=utf8mb4
default-storage-engine=INNODB
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
changes to the binary log between backups.
log_bin
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
join_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data
socket=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data/mysql.sock
Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
#symbolic-links=0
lower_case_table_names=1
server-id = 1
log-output=NONE
general-log=0
slow-query-log=0
long_query_time=10
log-bin =/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
#expire_logs_days=20
max_connections=2000
#query_cache_type=0
table_open_cache=34000
tmp_table_size=256M
max_heap_table_size=256M
#thread_cache_size=64
thread_cache_size=512
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 10000
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
#myisam_sort_buffer_size=502M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=256M
#key_buffer_size=2M
key_buffer_size=1024M
#read_buffer_size=4M
read_buffer_size=16M
read_rnd_buffer_size=512K
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
#innodb_log_buffer_size=128M
innodb_log_buffer_size=8M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=4G
#innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_log_file_size=1024M
innodb_thread_concurrency=20
innodb_autoextend_increment=64
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_open_files=65535
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
back_log=103
flush_time=0
join_buffer_size=64M
max_allowed_packet=4M
max_allowed_packet=500M
max_connect_errors=100
open_files_limit=65535
sort_buffer_size=5M
table_definition_cache=1400
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
sync_master_info=10000
sync_relay_log=10000
sync_relay_log_info=10000
wait_timeout=620
interactive_timeout=620
zengjia
net_read_timeout=200
net_write_timeout=1000
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
[mysqld_dump]
quick
max_allowed_packet=32M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data/mysqld-err.log
pid-file=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data/mysqld.pid
三、初始化数据库
1.初始化
cd /home/jysoft/mysql
/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-8.0.29/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-8.0.29 --datadir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data
以上初始化完毕之后，请务必记录初始化之后root账号密码
2.再次更改目录权限
chown –R mysql:mysql /home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data
3.添加环境变量
vi /etc/profile
export PATH=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-8.0.29/bin:$PATH
4.启动数据库，并修改账号密码
/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-8.0.29/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/my.cnf --user=mysql &
5.连接数据库
/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-8.0.29/bin/mysql -uroot --socket=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-8.0.29/data/mysql.sock --port=3406 -p
输入以上命令之后，敲回车即可
6.修改密码
set password=password('yourpassword');
注：修改你的msyql数据库root账号密码，此处密码为yourpassword，修改为你自己想要的密码。
7.设置root账户的host地址（修改了才可以远程连接）
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';
--设置gust账户的host地址（业务用账号）
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'gust'@'%' identified by 'xxxx';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'gust'@'localhost' identified by 'xxxxx';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>exit
上传mysql启动脚本mysql-3406到/etc/init.d目录
启动脚本如下：
#!/bin/sh
Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind
MySQL daemon start/stop script.
Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
started and shut down when the systems goes down.
Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
chkconfig: 2345 64 36
description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
Comments to support LSB init script conventions
BEGIN INIT INFO
Provides: mysql
Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
Default-Stop: 0 1 6
Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
END INIT INFO
If you install MySQL on some other places than /ddserver/mysql/mysql-5.7.11, then you
have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
- Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
[mysqld]
basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
- Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
- Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
below.
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.
If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
basedir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-5.7.25
datadir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data
conf=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/my.cnf
mysql_user=root
mysql_pwd=123456
Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
for server start.
Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf.
0 means don't wait at all
Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900
Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.
Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/mysqld.pid
if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-5.7.25
bindir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-3406/data
fi
sbindir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/bin
libexecdir=/home/jysoft/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
*not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
datadir_set=
# Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
. $lsb_functions
else
log_success_msg()
{
echo " SUCCESS! $@"
}
log_failure_msg()
{
echo " ERROR! $@"
}
fi
PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
export PATH
mode=$1 # start or stop
[ $# -ge 1 ] && shift
other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action
# Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"
# They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility
# of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.
case echo "testing\c",echo -n testing in
*c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;;
*c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;;
*) echo_n= echo_c='\c' ;;
esac
wait_for_pid () {
verb="$1" # created | removed
pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.
i=0
avoid_race_condition="by checking again"
while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do
case "$verb" in
'created')
# wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
;;
'removed')
# wait for this PID-file to disappear
test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
;;
*)
echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
exit 1
;;
esac
# if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
if test -n "$pid"; then
if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
: # the server still runs
else
# The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.
if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
avoid_race_condition=""
continue # Check again.
fi
# there's nothing that will affect the file.
log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
return 1 # not waiting any more.
fi
fi
echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
i=expr $i + 1
sleep 1
done
if test -z "$i" ; then
log_success_msg
return 0
else
log_failure_msg
return 1
fi
}
Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
if test -x ./bin/my_print_defaults
then
print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults"
elif test -x $bindir/my_print_defaults
then
print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
elif test -x $bindir/mysql_print_defaults
then
print_defaults="$bindir/mysql_print_defaults"
else
# Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf
# conf=/etc/my.cnf
print_defaults=
if test -r $conf
then
subpat='[=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'
dirs=sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf
for d in $dirs
do
d=echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'
if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
then
print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
break
fi
if test -x "$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults"
then
print_defaults="$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults"
break
fi
done
fi
# Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it
test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
fi
# Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there
check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
extra_args=""
if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"
then
extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"
else
if test -r "$datadir/my.cnf"
then
extra_args="-e $datadir/my.cnf"
fi
fi
# Set pid file if not given
if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/mysql.pid
else
case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
/* ) ;;
- ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;
esac
fi
case "$mode" in
'start')
# Start daemon
# Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
cd $basedir
echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
then
# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
# may be overwritten at next upgrade.
$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=$conf $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &
wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
# Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
if test -w "$lockdir"
then
touch "$lock_file_path"
fi
exit $return_value
else
log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
fi
;;
'stop')
# Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
# root password.
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
# signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop
touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"
mysqld_pid=cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
then
echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"
# kill $mysqld_pid
$bindir/mysqladmin --defaults-file=$conf --socket=$datadir/mysql.sock --user=$mysql_user --password=$mysql_pwd shutdown
# mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
fi
# Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
if test -f "$lock_file_path"
then
rm -f "$lock_file_path"
fi
exit $return_value
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"
fi
;;
'restart')
# Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
# running or not, start it again.
if $0 stop $other_args; then
$0 start $other_args
else
log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
exit 1
fi
;;
'reload'|'force-reload')
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"
touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"
exit 1
fi
;;
'status')
# First, check to see if pid file exists
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then
log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"
exit 0
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"
exit 1
fi
else
# Try to find appropriate mysqld process
mysqld_pid=pidof $libexecdir/mysqld
# test if multiple pids exist
pid_count=echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w
if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
exit 5
elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then
if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
exit 2
fi
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"
exit 3
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"
exit 4
fi
fi
;;
*)
# usage
basename=basename "$0"
echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
- 配置mysql开机自动启动
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql-3406
chkconfig --add mysql-3406
chkconfig mysql-3406 on
以后可以用：
/etc/init.d/mysql-3406 start|stop|restart 启动，停止，重启服务。
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「mhi（）」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/chengxuyuanjava123/article/details/124454043
