概述

在开发中,我们经常会遇到多种类型的用户的认证问题,比如后台的管理员和前台的普通用户。Laravel 5.3 内置的 Auth 组件已经能很好的满足这项需求,下面大概记录下使用方法。 

另外,后台页面常常需要登录才能访问,为了完成类似的功能,大家一般都习惯创建新的中间件来实现。但是 Auth 组件已经存在类似的中间件,我们可以在已有的基础上进行完善,具体请看 ​​后台认证​​ -> ​​登陆才能访问后台的功能的一种实现方法​​。 

注意:这里我们只考虑管理员和普通用户存放在不同的表中的情况

创建项目

创建项目 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects>composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog​​ 

进入项目 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects>cd blog​​ 

运行项目 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects\blog>php arstisan serve​​ 

看看效果 浏览器访问​​http://localhost:8000​

项目配置

数据库配置 ​​.env​​ 中配置 DB 相关选项即可

前台认证

数据库迁移 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects\blog>php artisan migrate​​ 

生成 Auth ​​E:\PhpStormProjects\blog>php artisan make:auth​

该命令应该在新安装的应用下使用,它会生成 layout 布局视图,注册和登录视图,以及所有的认证路由,同时生成 HomeController ,用来处理登录成功后会跳转到该控制器下的请求。

浏览器访问 ​​http://localhost:8000​​ 

我们看到右上角多了 LOGIN 和 REGISTER 的链接,我们可以试着注册和登陆。 

至此,前台认证完成。

后台认证

后台首页显示

生成后台首页控制器 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects\blog>php artisan make:controller Admin/IndexController​​ 

建立后台首页的视图 ​​resources/views/admin/index.blade.php​

<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>首页 | 后台系统</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>首页</h3>
</body>
</html>


 

后台首页控制器 ​​app/Http/Controllers/Admin/IndexController.php​​ 添加方法

public function index()
{
return view('admin/index');
}


 

路由文件 ​​routes/web.php​​ 添加路由组

Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin'], function () {
Route::get('/', 'Admin\IndexController@index');
});


 

浏览器访问 ​​http://localhost:8000/admin​​ 可看到后台首页 

后台首页显示完成

管理员数据表生成、数据表模型建立以及数据表填充

生成管理员数据表迁移文件 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects\blog>php artisan make:migration create_administrators_table​​ 

修改 ​​database/migrations/*_create_administrators_table.php​​ 中的 up() 与 down() 方法

public function up()
{
Schema::create('administrators', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->string('password');
$table->rememberToken();
$table->timestamps();
});
}

public function down()
{
Schema::drop('administrators');
}


 

生成数据表 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects\blog>php artisan migrate​​ 

至此,数据表建立 

生成数据表模型 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects\blog>php artisan make:model Models/Administrator​​ 

修改 ​​app/Models/Administrator.php​

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;

class Administrator extends Authenticatable
{
use Notifiable;

/**
* The attributes that are mass assignable.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $fillable = [
'name', 'email', 'password',
];

/**
* The attributes that should be hidden for arrays.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $hidden = [
'password', 'remember_token',
];
}


 

提示:该模型根据​​app/User.php​​ 修改 

至此数据表模型建立完成 

生成数据表填充文件 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects\blog>php artisan make:seeder AdministratorsTableSeeder​​ 

​database/factories/ModelFactory.php​​ 中添加

$factory->define(App\Models\Administrator::class, function (Faker\Generator $faker) {
static $password;

return [
'name' => $faker->name,
'email' => $faker->unique()->safeEmail,
'password' => $password ?: $password = bcrypt('secret'),
'remember_token' => str_random(10),
];
});


 

修改 ​​database/seeds/AdministratorsTableSeeder.php​​ 中的 run() 方法

public function run()
{
factory(App\Models\Administrator::class, 3)->create([
'password' => bcrypt('040313'),
]);
}


 

修改 ​​database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php​​ 中的 run() 方法

public function run()
{
$this->call(AdministratorsTableSeeder::class);
}


 

数据表填充 ​​E:\PhpStormProjects\blog>php artisan db:seed​​ 

至此,数据表填充完成,在 administrators 中可看到 3 条样例数据

管理员登陆页面显示

新建 ​​app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Auth/LoginController.php​

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Auth;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\AuthenticatesUsers;

class LoginController extends Controller
{
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Login Controller
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This controller handles authenticating users for the application and
| redirecting them to your home screen. The controller uses a trait
| to conveniently provide its functionality to your applications.
|
*/

use AuthenticatesUsers;

/**
* Where to redirect users after login.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $redirectTo = '/admin';

/**
* Create a new controller instance.
*
* @return void
*/
public function __construct()
{
$this->middleware('guest', ['except' => 'logout']);
}

/**
* 重写 Show the application's login form.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function showLoginForm()
{
return view('admin/auth/login');
}
}


 

提示:该控制器内容根据 ​​app/Http/Controllers/Auth/LoginController.php​​ 修改 

新建 ​​resources/views/admin/Auth/login.blade.php​​ ,复制 ​​resources/views/auth/login.blade.php​​ 的内容到这个文件即可 

注意:不要忘了修改登陆表单的 ​​action​​ 地址为 ​​{{ url('/admin/login') }}​​ 

修改路由组

Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin'], function () {
Route::get('login', 'Admin\Auth\LoginController@showLoginForm');

Route::get('/', 'Admin\IndexController@index');
});


 

至此,后台登陆页面显示完成。访问 ​​http://localhost:8000/admin/login​​ 可看到对应页面

管理员认证

修改 ​​config/auth.php​​ ,在键为 ​​guards​​ 和 ​​providers​​ 的数组中添加管理员相关信息

'guards' => [
'web' => [
'driver' => 'session',
'provider' => 'users',
],

'api' => [
'driver' => 'token',
'provider' => 'users',
],

'admin' => [
'driver' => 'session',
'provider' => 'administrators',
],
],

'providers' => [
'users' => [
'driver' => 'eloquent',
'model' => App\User::class,
],

// 'users' => [
// 'driver' => 'database',
// 'table' => 'users',
// ],

'administrators' => [
'driver' => 'eloquent',
'model' => App\Models\Administrator::class,
],
],


 

修改 ​​app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Auth/LoginController.php​

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Auth;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\AuthenticatesUsers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class LoginController extends Controller
{
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Login Controller
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This controller handles authenticating users for the application and
| redirecting them to your home screen. The controller uses a trait
| to conveniently provide its functionality to your applications.
|
*/

use AuthenticatesUsers;

/**
* Where to redirect users after login.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $redirectTo = '/admin';

/**
* Create a new controller instance.
*
* @return void
*/
public function __construct()
{
$this->middleware('guest:admin', ['except' => 'logout']);
}

/**
* 重写 Show the application's login form.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function showLoginForm()
{
return view('admin/auth/login');
}

/**
* 重写 Get the guard to be used during authentication.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard
*/
protected function guard()
{
return \Auth::guard('admin');
}

/**
* 重写 Log the user out of the application.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function logout(Request $request)
{
$this->guard()->logout();

$request->session()->flush();

$request->session()->regenerate();

return redirect('/admin/login');
}
}


 

​app/Http/Middleware/RedirectIfAuthenticated.php​​ 即 ​​guest​​ 中间件。它的作用是当请求者请求登陆时,如果已登录则将其跳转到合适页面。如果请求的是后台登陆页面且已登录的话,我们应将其跳转到后台首页,而不是默认的前台首页。修改其中的 handle() 方法

public function handle($request, Closure $next, $guard = null)
{
if (Auth::guard($guard)->check()) {
$path = $guard? '/admin' : '/home';
return redirect($path);
}

return $next($request);
}


修改路由组

Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin'], function () {
Route::get('login', 'Admin\Auth\LoginController@showLoginForm');
Route::post('login', 'Admin\Auth\LoginController@login');
Route::post('logout', 'Admin\Auth\LoginController@logout');

Route::get('/', 'Admin\IndexController@index');
});


顺便在后台首页添加一个登出链接,修改 ​​resources/views/admin/index.blade.php​

<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>首页 | 后台系统</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>首页</h3>
<p>
状态:
@if(Auth::guard('admin')->check())
已登录&nbsp;
<a href="#"
onclick="event.preventDefault();
document.getElementById('logout-form').submit();">
Logout
</a>
<form id="logout-form" action="{{ url('/admin/logout') }}" method="POST" style="display: none;">
{{ csrf_field() }}
</form>
@else
未登录
@endif
</p>
</body>
</html>


至此,管理员认证(登入与登出)已基本完成。 

注意:由于后台很少需要注册功能,所以这部分功能实现不在考虑范围

登陆才能访问后台的功能的一种实现方法

目前的后台认证中,如果管理员没有登录,他也能访问后台首页,这显然是有问题的。这里,可以利用自带的 Auth 系统的 ​​vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Auth/Middleware/Authenticate.php​​ 这个中间件来实现。查看其中的 authenticate() 方法

protected function authenticate(array $guards)
{
if (empty($guards)) {
return $this->auth->authenticate();
}

foreach ($guards as $guard) {
if ($this->auth->guard($guard)->check()) {
return $this->auth->shouldUse($guard);
}
}

throw new AuthenticationException('Unauthenticated.', $guards);
}


如果管理员或者用户没有登录,则会抛出认证异常。我们可以在 ​​app/Exceptions/Handler.php​​ 中处理这个异常,将登陆者转到相应页面。所以我们可以修改这个文件中的 unauthenticated() 方法

protected function unauthenticated($request, AuthenticationException $exception)
{
if ($request->expectsJson()) {
return response()->json(['error' => 'Unauthenticated.'], 401);
}

if(in_array('admin', $exception->guards())) {
return redirect()->guest('/admin/login');
}
return redirect()->guest('login');
}


修改路由组

Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin'], function () {
Route::get('login', 'Admin\Auth\LoginController@showLoginForm');
Route::post('login', 'Admin\Auth\LoginController@login');
Route::post('logout', 'Admin\Auth\LoginController@logout');

Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth:admin'], function () {
Route::get('/', 'Admin\IndexController@index');
});
});


 

至此,后台登陆才能访问。