1、MVC

(1)什么是mvc(一种软件设计规范)

M:数据模型(dao、service),提供要展示的数据,包含数据和行为

V:视图(jsp),负责进行模型的展示,一般就是用户界面

C:控制器(servlet),接收用户请求,委托给模型进行处理,处理完毕后返回模型数据给视图

(2)历史:

Model1时代:视图层+模型层,jsp任务过重

Model2时代:视图+控制+模型,引入了servlet

 

2、springmvc

(1)处理流程

springmvc(mvc、springmvc、springmvc入门程序)_mvc

 

 

(2)特点

轻量级

高效,基于请求和响应

与spring无缝结合(是spring的一部分)

约定优于配置(约定的这么做就这么做)

RESTful、数据验证、格式化

简单灵活

 

3、入门程序

(1)导包:

springmvc(mvc、springmvc、springmvc入门程序)_mvc_02

 (2)注册DispatcherServlet(配置前端控制器):

在web.xml文件中配置:

 <!-- 前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!--启动服务器即创建-->
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

 /* 拦截所有 jsp js png .css 真的全拦截 建议不使用
 *.action *.do 拦截以do action 结尾的请求 肯定能使用 ERP 
 / 拦截所有 (不包括jsp) (包含.js .png.css) 强烈建议使用 前台 面向消费者 www.jd.com/search /对静态资源放行

(3)处理器:

@Controller
public class StudentController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/item/itemlist.action")//请求映射
    public ModelAndView itemList(){
        List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
        list.add(new Student("20200326","zhai","2020-03-26","329"));
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();//数据
        mav.addObject("itemList", list);
        mav.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemList.jsp");
        return mav;
    }
}

因为用到了注解,需要书写一个配置文件:开启注解扫描@Controler @Service

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
        <context:component-scan base-package="pers.zhb"/>
</beans>

(4)POJO和页面:

POJO:

public class Student implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String studentno;
    private String sname;
    private String birthday;
    private String point;
    public Student(String studentno, String sname, String birthday, String point) {
        this.studentno = studentno;
        this.sname = sname;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.point = point;
    }

    public String getStudentno() {
        return studentno;
    }

    public void setStudentno(String studentno) {
        this.studentno = studentno;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public String getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getPoint() {
        return point;
    }

    public void setPoint(String point) {
        this.point = point;
    }
}

jsp页面:

<table width="100%" border=1>
<tr>
    <td>学号</td>
    <td>姓名</td>
    <td>出生日期</td>
    <td>分数</td>
</tr>

<c:forEach items="${itemList}" var="item">
<tr>
    <td>${item.studentno }</td>
    <td>${item.sname }</td>
    <td>${item.birthday}</td>
    <td>${item.point }</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>

springmvc(mvc、springmvc、springmvc入门程序)_spring_03

 

4、maven创建web程序(servlet)

(1)创建一个父项目:

springmvc(mvc、springmvc、springmvc入门程序)_maven_04

 

 在配置文件中导入依赖:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>pers.zhb</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc_study</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

(2)创建子项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springmvc_mytest</artifactId>
        <groupId>pers.zhb</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springmvc_01</artifactId>
</project>

(3)创建一个Servlet:

   protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method=request.getParameter("method");
        if(method.equals("add")){
            request.getSession().setAttribute("seg","add方法执行了!!!");
        }
        if(method.equals("update")){
            request.getSession().setAttribute("seg","update方法执行了!!");
        }
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }

(4)页面:

在index.jsp中创建一个form,点击提交后访问servlet:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
     <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/hello" method="get">
        <input type="text" name="method">
        <input type="submit">
     </form>
  </body>
</html>

在servlet中处理后,请求转发到另外一个jsp页面,该页面取出servlet存储在session中的数据:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
  ${seg}
</body>
</html>

 

5、maven创建入门程序

(1)创建父项目和子项目

父配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>pers.zhb</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc_2024</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>mvc_01</module>
    </modules>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

子项目配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springmvc_2024</artifactId>
        <groupId>pers.zhb</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>mvc_01</artifactId>
</project>

(2)在web.xml配置文件中配置前端控制器:是springmvc的核心

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!-- 前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!--启动服务器即创建-->
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

所有的请求都会经过前端控制器,也可以加一些限制条件,对请求是否经过进行限制

/:匹配所有的请求,不包括jsp

/*:匹配所有的请求,包括jsp

 

(3)书写处理器代码(返回模型视图,模型存储数据,视图负责页面),还可以在里面调用业务层:

public class HelloController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                      HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC");
        modelAndView.setViewName("hello");//hello.jsp
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

返回的mv交给视图解析器进行处理

(4)书写配置文件(springmvc.xml)和页面:

先配置处理器映射器和处理器适配器,然后配置视图解析器(配置前缀和后缀,也就是拼接视图的路径)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property><!--前缀和后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="/hello" class="pers.zhb.controller.HelloController"></bean>
</beans>

页面:取出数据

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: zhai
  Date: 2020/4/29/0029
  Time: 20:50
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

(5)测试:

springmvc(mvc、springmvc、springmvc入门程序)_maven_05

 

(6)注意:在以上步骤书写完毕后,访问的话会出现404

springmvc(mvc、springmvc、springmvc入门程序)_xml_06

 

 需要在WEB-INF目录下新建一个文件夹,然后点击上面的小加号,将jar包放到文件夹里面

(7)流程

用户请求先经过前端控制器,然后前端控制器调用配置文件,处理器映射器映射到hello。处理器适配器找到pers.zhb.controller.HelloController类去处理,然后返回一个mv给视图解析器,并将结果返回给前端控制器

 

每个人都会有一段异常艰难的时光 。 生活的压力 , 工作的失意 , 学业的压力。 爱的惶惶不可终日。 挺过来的 ,人生就会豁然开朗。 挺不过来的 ,时间也会教你 ,怎么与它们握手言和 ,所以不必害怕的。 ——杨绛