1、MVC
(1)什么是mvc(一种软件设计规范)
M:数据模型(dao、service),提供要展示的数据,包含数据和行为
V:视图(jsp),负责进行模型的展示,一般就是用户界面
C:控制器(servlet),接收用户请求,委托给模型进行处理,处理完毕后返回模型数据给视图
(2)历史:
Model1时代:视图层+模型层,jsp任务过重
Model2时代:视图+控制+模型,引入了servlet
2、springmvc
(1)处理流程
(2)特点
轻量级
高效,基于请求和响应
与spring无缝结合(是spring的一部分)
约定优于配置(约定的这么做就这么做)
RESTful、数据验证、格式化
简单灵活
3、入门程序
(1)导包:
(2)注册DispatcherServlet(配置前端控制器):
在web.xml文件中配置:
<!-- 前端控制器 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!--启动服务器即创建--> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
/* 拦截所有 jsp js png .css 真的全拦截 建议不使用
*.action *.do 拦截以do action 结尾的请求 肯定能使用 ERP
/ 拦截所有 (不包括jsp) (包含.js .png.css) 强烈建议使用 前台 面向消费者 www.jd.com/search /对静态资源放行
(3)处理器:
@Controller public class StudentController { @RequestMapping(value = "/item/itemlist.action")//请求映射 public ModelAndView itemList(){ List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>(); list.add(new Student("20200326","zhai","2020-03-26","329")); ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();//数据 mav.addObject("itemList", list); mav.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemList.jsp"); return mav; } }
因为用到了注解,需要书写一个配置文件:开启注解扫描@Controler @Service
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="pers.zhb"/> </beans>
(4)POJO和页面:
POJO:
public class Student implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String studentno; private String sname; private String birthday; private String point; public Student(String studentno, String sname, String birthday, String point) { this.studentno = studentno; this.sname = sname; this.birthday = birthday; this.point = point; } public String getStudentno() { return studentno; } public void setStudentno(String studentno) { this.studentno = studentno; } public String getSname() { return sname; } public void setSname(String sname) { this.sname = sname; } public String getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(String birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public String getPoint() { return point; } public void setPoint(String point) { this.point = point; } }
jsp页面:
<table width="100%" border=1> <tr> <td>学号</td> <td>姓名</td> <td>出生日期</td> <td>分数</td> </tr> <c:forEach items="${itemList}" var="item"> <tr> <td>${item.studentno }</td> <td>${item.sname }</td> <td>${item.birthday}</td> <td>${item.point }</td> </tr> </c:forEach>
4、maven创建web程序(servlet)
(1)创建一个父项目:
在配置文件中导入依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>pers.zhb</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc_study</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
(2)创建子项目
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>springmvc_mytest</artifactId> <groupId>pers.zhb</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>springmvc_01</artifactId> </project>
(3)创建一个Servlet:
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String method=request.getParameter("method"); if(method.equals("add")){ request.getSession().setAttribute("seg","add方法执行了!!!"); } if(method.equals("update")){ request.getSession().setAttribute("seg","update方法执行了!!"); } request.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp").forward(request,response); }
(4)页面:
在index.jsp中创建一个form,点击提交后访问servlet:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>$Title$</title> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/hello" method="get"> <input type="text" name="method"> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
在servlet中处理后,请求转发到另外一个jsp页面,该页面取出servlet存储在session中的数据:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${seg} </body> </html>
5、maven创建入门程序
(1)创建父项目和子项目
父配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>pers.zhb</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc_2024</artifactId> <packaging>pom</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <modules> <module>mvc_01</module> </modules> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
子项目配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>springmvc_2024</artifactId> <groupId>pers.zhb</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>mvc_01</artifactId> </project>
(2)在web.xml配置文件中配置前端控制器:是springmvc的核心
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!-- 前端控制器 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!--启动服务器即创建--> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
所有的请求都会经过前端控制器,也可以加一些限制条件,对请求是否经过进行限制
/:匹配所有的请求,不包括jsp
/*:匹配所有的请求,包括jsp
(3)书写处理器代码(返回模型视图,模型存储数据,视图负责页面),还可以在里面调用业务层:
public class HelloController implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView(); modelAndView.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC"); modelAndView.setViewName("hello");//hello.jsp return modelAndView; } }
返回的mv交给视图解析器进行处理
(4)书写配置文件(springmvc.xml)和页面:
先配置处理器映射器和处理器适配器,然后配置视图解析器(配置前缀和后缀,也就是拼接视图的路径)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/"></property><!--前缀和后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <bean id="/hello" class="pers.zhb.controller.HelloController"></bean> </beans>
页面:取出数据
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: zhai Date: 2020/4/29/0029 Time: 20:50 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body> </html>
(5)测试:
(6)注意:在以上步骤书写完毕后,访问的话会出现404
需要在WEB-INF目录下新建一个文件夹,然后点击上面的小加号,将jar包放到文件夹里面
(7)流程
用户请求先经过前端控制器,然后前端控制器调用配置文件,处理器映射器映射到hello。处理器适配器找到pers.zhb.controller.HelloController类去处理,然后返回一个mv给视图解析器,并将结果返回给前端控制器