序列化 serialize

转载

mb5ff9827b65e5b 2018-01-13 15:31:00

Serializable 序列化 The byte stream created is platform independent. So, the object serialized on one platform can be deserialized on a different platform.

一个对象序列化的接口，一个类只有实现了Serializable搜索接口，它的对象才是可序列化的。因此如果要序列化某些类的对象，这些类就必须实现Serializable接口。而实际上，Serializable是一个空接口，没有什么具体内容，它的目的只是简单的标识一个类的对象可以被序列化。

什么情况下需要序列化？

a）当你想把的内存中的对象写入到硬盘的时候；

b）当你想用套接字在网络上传送对象的时候；

c）当你想通过RMI传输对象的时候；

具体解释：

a)比如说你的内存不够用了，那计算机就要将内存里面的一部分对象暂时的保存到硬盘中，等到要用的时候再读入到内存中，硬盘的那部分存储空间就是所谓的虚拟内存。在比如过你要将某个特定的对象保存到文件中，我隔几天在把它拿出来用，那么这时候就要实现Serializable接口；

b)在进行java的Socket编程的时候，你有时候可能要传输某一类的对象，那么也就要实现Serializable接口；最常见的你传输一个字符串，它是JDK里面的类，也实现了Serializable接口，所以可以在网络上传输。

c)如果要通过远程的方法调用（RMI）去调用一个远程对象的方法，如在计算机A中调用另一台计算机B的对象的方法，那么你需要通过JNDI服务获取计算机B目标对象的引用，将对象从B传送到A，就需要实现序列化接口。

jdk工具生成了序列化id

[root@hadoop1 MyBgJavaLan]# ll -as /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144/bin
总用量 776
  4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 10 143   4096 7月  22 2017 .
  0 drwxr-xr-x. 8 10 143    255 7月  22 2017 ..
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7965 7月  22 2017 appletviewer
  0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 10 143      8 7月  22 2017 ControlPanel -> jcontrol
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 extcheck
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7973 7月  22 2017 idlj
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7925 7月  22 2017 jar
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7957 7月  22 2017 jarsigner
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7734 7月  22 2017 java
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 javac
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 javadoc
  4 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   2293 6月  27 2017 javafxpackager
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 javah
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 javap
  4 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   2293 6月  27 2017 javapackager
  4 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   1809 7月  22 2017 java-rmi.cgi
128 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143 129139 7月  22 2017 javaws
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7925 7月  22 2017 jcmd
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   8013 7月  22 2017 jconsole
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   6264 7月  22 2017 jcontrol
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7981 7月  22 2017 jdb
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 jdeps
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 jhat
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   8109 7月  22 2017 jinfo
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 jjs
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   8109 7月  22 2017 jmap
 76 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143  74675 11月 25 2016 jmc
  4 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143    402 11月 25 2016 jmc.ini
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7925 7月  22 2017 jps
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7949 7月  22 2017 jrunscript
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7981 7月  22 2017 jsadebugd
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   8109 7月  22 2017 jstack
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 jstat
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 jstatd
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   5110 1月  15 2017 jvisualvm
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 keytool
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7949 7月  22 2017 native2ascii
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   8149 7月  22 2017 orbd
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7957 7月  22 2017 pack200
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7997 7月  22 2017 policytool
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7925 7月  22 2017 rmic
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 rmid
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7949 7月  22 2017 rmiregistry
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7957 7月  22 2017 schemagen
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 serialver
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7965 7月  22 2017 servertool
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   8181 7月  22 2017 tnameserv
224 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143 228933 7月  22 2017 unpack200
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7941 7月  22 2017 wsgen
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7957 7月  22 2017 wsimport
  8 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 10 143   7957 7月  22 2017 xjc
[root@hadoop1 MyBgJavaLan]# pwd
/home/MyBgJavaLan
[root@hadoop1 MyBgJavaLan]# serialver
用法: serialver [-classpath 类路径] [-show] [类名称...]
[root@hadoop1 MyBgJavaLan]#

Serialization and Deserialization in Java with Example - GeeksforGeeks https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/serialization-in-java/

The byte stream created is platform independent. So, the object serialized on one platform can be deserialized on a different platform.

序列化 serialize_json

序列化 serialize_xml_02

package com.mycom;


import java.io.Serializable;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;


public class SerializationDemo implements Serializable {
    public int a;
    public String b;

    //Default constructor
    public SerializationDemo(int a, String b) {
        this.a = a;
        this.b = b;
    }
}

class SerializationTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SerializationDemo object = new SerializationDemo(1, "geeksforgeeks");
        String filename = "file.ser";

        //Serialization
        try {
            //Saving of object in a file
            FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(filename);
            ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(file);

            //Method for serialization of object
            out.writeObject(object);

            out.close();
            file.close();
            System.out.println("Object has been serialized");
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex);
        }

        SerializationDemo object1 = null;
        //Deserialization
        try {
            //Reading the object from a file
            FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(filename);
            ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(file);

            //Method for deserialization of object
            object1 = (SerializationDemo) in.readObject();

            in.close();
            file.close();
            System.out.println("Object has been deserialized");
            System.out.println("a= " + object1.a);
            System.out.println("b= " + object1.b);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex);
        }
    }
}

Serialization (C#) | Microsoft Docs https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/concepts/serialization/

序列化 serialize_json_03

Serialization (C#)

01/02/2020

Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes to store the object or transmit it to memory, a database, or a file. Its main purpose is to save the state of an object in order to be able to recreate it when needed. The reverse process is called deserialization.

How serialization works

This illustration shows the overall process of serialization:

序列化 serialize_c#_04

The object is serialized to a stream that carries the data. The stream may also have information about the object's type, such as its version, culture, and assembly name. From that stream, the object can be stored in a database, a file, or memory.

Uses for serialization

Serialization allows the developer to save the state of an object and re-create it as needed, providing storage of objects as well as data exchange. Through serialization, a developer can perform actions such as:

Sending the object to a remote application by using a web service
Passing an object from one domain to another
Passing an object through a firewall as a JSON or XML string
Maintaining security or user-specific information across applications

JSON serialization

The System.Text.Json namespace contains classes for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) serialization and deserialization. JSON is an open standard that is commonly used for sharing data across the web.

JSON serialization serializes the public properties of an object into a string, byte array, or stream that conforms to the RFC 8259 JSON specification. To control the way JsonSerializer serializes or deserializes an instance of the class:

Use a JsonSerializerOptions object
Apply attributes from the System.Text.Json.Serialization namespace to classes or properties
Implement custom converters

Binary and XML serialization

The System.Runtime.Serialization namespace contains classes for binary and XML serialization and deserialization.

Binary serialization uses binary encoding to produce compact serialization for uses such as storage or socket-based network streams. In binary serialization, all members, even members that are read-only, are serialized, and performance is enhanced.

Warning

Binary serialization can be dangerous. For more information, see BinaryFormatter security guide.

XML serialization serializes the public fields and properties of an object, or the parameters and return values of methods, into an XML stream that conforms to a specific XML Schema definition language (XSD) document. XML serialization results in strongly typed classes with public properties and fields that are converted to XML. System.Xml.Serialization contains classes for serializing and deserializing XML. You apply attributes to classes and class members to control the way the XmlSerializer serializes or deserializes an instance of the class.

Making an object serializable

For binary or XML serialization, you need:

The object to be serialized
A stream to contain the serialized object
A System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatter instance

Apply the SerializableAttribute attribute to a type to indicate that instances of the type can be serialized. An exception is thrown if you attempt to serialize but the type doesn't have the SerializableAttribute attribute.

To prevent a field from being serialized, apply the NonSerializedAttribute attribute. If a field of a serializable type contains a pointer, a handle, or some other data structure that is specific to a particular environment, and the field cannot be meaningfully reconstituted in a different environment, then you may want to make it nonserializable.

If a serialized class contains references to objects of other classes that are marked SerializableAttribute, those objects will also be serialized.

Basic and custom serialization

Binary and XML serialization can be performed in two ways, basic and custom.

Basic serialization uses .NET to automatically serialize the object. The only requirement is that the class has the SerializableAttributeattribute applied. The NonSerializedAttribute can be used to keep specific fields from being serialized.

When you use basic serialization, the versioning of objects may create problems. You would use custom serialization when versioning issues are important. Basic serialization is the easiest way to perform serialization, but it does not provide much control over the process.

In custom serialization, you can specify exactly which objects will be serialized and how it will be done. The class must be marked SerializableAttribute and implement the ISerializable interface. If you want your object to be deserialized in a custom manner as well, use a custom constructor.

Designer serialization

Designer serialization is a special form of serialization that involves the kind of object persistence associated with development tools. Designer serialization is the process of converting an object graph into a source file that can later be used to recover the object graph. A source file can contain code, markup, or even SQL table information.

官方博客	全部文章	热门标签	班级博客
了解我们	网站地图	意见反馈

鸿蒙开发者社区	51CTO学堂
51CTO	软考资讯