介绍

使用CTest，你可以生成make test目标来运行自动化单元测试。这个例子展示了如何找到Boost单元测试框架，创建测试并运行它们。

本教程中的文件如下：

$ tree
.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── Reverse.h
├── Reverse.cpp
├── Palindrome.h
├── Palindrome.cpp
├── unit_tests.cpp

  • [CMakeLists.txt] - 包含要运行的CMake命令。

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)

# Set the project name
project (boost_unit_test)


# find a boost install with the libraries unit_test_framework
find_package(Boost 1.46.1 REQUIRED COMPONENTS unit_test_framework)

# Add an library for the example classes
add_library(example_boost_unit_test
    Reverse.cpp
    Palindrome.cpp
)

target_include_directories(example_boost_unit_test
    PUBLIC
        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
)

target_link_libraries(example_boost_unit_test
    PUBLIC
        Boost::boost
)

#############################################
# Unit tests

# enable CTest testing
enable_testing()

# Add a testing executable
add_executable(unit_tests unit_tests.cpp)

target_link_libraries(unit_tests
    example_boost_unit_test
    Boost::unit_test_framework
)

target_compile_definitions(unit_tests
    PRIVATE
        BOOST_TEST_DYN_LINK
)

add_test(test_all unit_tests)

  • [Reverse.h] / [.cpp] - 反转字符串的类。

    #ifndef __REVERSE_H__
#define __REVERSE_H__

#include <string>

/**
 * Trivial class whose only function is to reverse a string.
 * Should use std::reverse instead but want to have example with own class
 */
class Reverse
{
public:
    std::string reverse(std::string& toReverse);
};
#endif

    #include "Reverse.h"

std::string Reverse::reverse(std::string& toReverse)
{
    std::string ret;

    for(std::string::reverse_iterator rit=toReverse.rbegin(); rit!=toReverse.rend(); ++rit)
    {
        ret.insert(ret.end(), *rit);
    }
    return ret;
}

  • [Palindrome.h] / [.cpp] - 测试字符串是否为回文的类。

    #ifndef __PALINDROME_H__
#define __PALINDROME_H__

#include <string>

/**
 * Trivial class to check if a string is a palindrome.
 */
class Palindrome
{
public:
    bool isPalindrome(const std::string& toCheck);
};

#endif

    #include "Palindrome.h"

bool Palindrome::isPalindrome(const std::string& toCheck)
{

    if (toCheck == std::string(toCheck.rbegin(), toCheck.rend())) {
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

  • [unit_tests.cpp] - 使用Boost单元测试框架的单元测试。

    #include <string>
#include "Reverse.h"
#include "Palindrome.h"

#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE VsidCommonTest
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE( reverse_tests )

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( simple )
{
    std::string toRev = "Hello";

    Reverse rev;
    std::string res = rev.reverse(toRev);

    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( res, "olleH" );

}


BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( empty )
{
    std::string toRev;

    Reverse rev;
    std::string res = rev.reverse(toRev);

    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( res, "" );
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()


BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE( palindrome_tests )

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( is_palindrome )
{
    std::string pal = "mom";
    Palindrome pally;

    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( pally.isPalindrome(pal), true );

}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()

要求

此示例要求将Boost库安装在默认系统位置。

使用的库是Boost单元测试框架。

概念

启用测试

要启用测试，你必须在顶级CMakeLists.txt中包含以下行。

enable_testing()

这将启用对当前文件夹及其下面所有文件夹的测试。

添加测试可执行文件

此步骤的要求将取决于你的单元测试框架。在Boost的示例中，你可以创建包含要运行的所有单元测试的二进制文件。

add_executable(unit_tests unit_tests.cpp)

target_link_libraries(unit_tests
    example_boost_unit_test
    Boost::unit_test_framework
)

target_compile_definitions(unit_tests
    PRIVATE
        BOOST_TEST_DYN_LINK
)

在上面的代码中，添加了一个单元测试二进制文件，它链接到Boost单元测试框架，并包含一个定义来告诉它我们正在使用动态链接。

添加测试

要添加测试，可以调用add_test()函数。这将创建一个命名测试，该测试将运行提供的命令。

add_test(test_all unit_tests)

在本例中，我们创建了一个名为test_all的测试，该测试将运行由调用add_executable创建的unit_test可执行文件创建的可执行文件。

构建示例

$ mkdir build

$ cd build/

$ cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Boost version: 1.54.0
-- Found the following Boost libraries:
--   unit_test_framework
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/05-unit-testing/boost/build

$ make
Scanning dependencies of target example_boost_unit_test
[ 33%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/example_boost_unit_test.dir/Reverse.cpp.o
[ 66%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/example_boost_unit_test.dir/Palindrome.cpp.o
Linking CXX static library libexample_boost_unit_test.a
[ 66%] Built target example_boost_unit_test
Scanning dependencies of target unit_tests
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/unit_tests.dir/unit_tests.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable unit_tests
[100%] Built target unit_tests

$ make test
Running tests...
Test project /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/05-unit-testing/boost/build
    Start 1: test_all
1/1 Test #1: test_all .........................   Passed    0.00 sec

100% tests passed, 0 tests failed out of 1

Total Test time (real) =   0.01 sec

如果更改代码并导致单元测试产生错误。然后，在运行测试时，你将看到以下输出。

$ make test
Running tests...
Test project /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/05-unit-testing/boost/build
    Start 1: test_all
1/1 Test #1: test_all .........................***Failed    0.00 sec

0% tests passed, 1 tests failed out of 1

Total Test time (real) =   0.00 sec

The following tests FAILED:
          1 - test_all (Failed)
Errors while running CTest
make: *** [test] Error 8