RAID10磁盘阵列尽管会造成50%磁盘的浪费,但是实现了硬盘读写速度的提升,同时也实现了数据安全性的效果,在生产中应用最为广泛

部署磁盘阵列的核心命令为mdadm

 

linux系统中部署RAID10磁盘阵列、停用磁盘阵列_5g

 

 

1、RAID10磁盘阵列的部署至少需要4块硬盘,首先在虚拟机中添加4块硬盘(关闭系统后添加)

linux系统中部署RAID10磁盘阵列、停用磁盘阵列_sed_02

 

 

 

 

2、在/dev/目录查看是否有硬盘

[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# cd /dev
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# find sd*
sda
sda1
sda2
sdb
sdc
sdd
sde

 

3、部署RAID10磁盘阵列

[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 4 -l 10 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde  ##   其中-a yes参数表示自动创建设备文件,/dev/md0为部署的RAID10磁盘阵列
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 20954624K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# pwd
/dev
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# find md*
md0
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# ll md0
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 9, 0 Nov  8 00:00 md0

 

4、将RAID10磁盘阵列格式化为ext4格式

[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
2621440 inodes, 10477312 blocks
523865 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2157969408
320 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    4096000, 7962624

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   

 

5、将/dev/md0磁盘阵列进行挂载

[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mkdir /RAID10
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mount /dev/md0 /RAID10
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   18G  2.9G   15G  17% /
devtmpfs               985M     0  985M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  994M  140K  994M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  994M  8.9M  986M   1% /run
tmpfs                  994M     0  994M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1              497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
/dev/sr0               3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
/dev/md0                40G   49M   38G   1% /RAID10

 

6、使用mdadm -D 命令查看磁盘阵列的详细信息

[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Sun Nov  8 00:00:09 2020
     Raid Level : raid10
     Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 4
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sun Nov  8 10:22:04 2020
          State : clean 
 Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

         Layout : near=2
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : PC1linuxprobe:0  (local to host PC1linuxprobe)
           UUID : 4ef4bd32:95970b62:b488f16b:6627dd99
         Events : 17

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       16        0      active sync   /dev/sdb
       1       8       32        1      active sync   /dev/sdc
       2       8       48        2      active sync   /dev/sdd
       3       8       64        3      active sync   /dev/sde

 

7、 写入开启自动挂载项

[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# echo -e "/dev/md0\t/RAID10\text4\tdefaults\t0\t0" >> /etc/fstab 
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Nov  5 15:23:01 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        1 1
UUID=0ba20ae9-dd51-459f-ac48-7f7e81385eb8 /boot                   xfs     defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/md0    /RAID10    ext4    defaults    0    0

 

 

8、总结制作RAID10磁盘阵列的步骤

  • RAID10磁盘阵列至少需要四块硬盘,准备四块硬盘
  • 使用 mdadm命令制作RAID10磁盘阵列,mdadm -Cv /dev/name -a yes -n 4 -l 10 /dev/disk1 /dev/disk2 /dev/disk3 /dev/disk4  
  • 将/dev/name磁盘阵列格式化ext4文件系统,mkfs.ext4 /dev/name
  • 将格式化后的磁盘阵列进行挂载,mkdir /mountpoint ;  mount /dev/name /mountpoint,可以使用df -h查看
  • 将挂载后的RAID10磁盘阵列写入到开机自动挂载项:echo -e "/dev/name\t/mountpoint\text4\tdefaults\t0\t0" >> /etc/fstab

 

如何停用RAID10磁盘阵列 ?

1、删除开机自动挂载项(非必须)

[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# sed '$d' /etc/fstab -i  ## 慎用,确保最后一行为开启自启项后使用,意思是非询问删除最后一行
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Nov  5 15:23:01 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        1 1
UUID=0ba20ae9-dd51-459f-ac48-7f7e81385eb8 /boot                   xfs     defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

 

2、卸载,删除挂载点

[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   18G  2.9G   15G  17% /
devtmpfs               985M     0  985M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  994M  140K  994M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  994M  8.8M  986M   1% /run
tmpfs                  994M     0  994M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1              497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
/dev/sr0               3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
/dev/md0                40G   49M   38G   1% /RAID10
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# umount /RAID10/
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   18G  2.9G   15G  17% /
devtmpfs               985M     0  985M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  994M  140K  994M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  994M  8.8M  986M   1% /run
tmpfs                  994M     0  994M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1              497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
/dev/sr0               3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# rm -rf /RAID10/

 

3、停用/dev/md0磁盘阵列

[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# pwd
/dev
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# find md0
md0
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mdadm -S /dev/md0  ## 停用
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# find md0
find: ‘md0’: No such file or directory

 

4、移除添加的硬盘,重启系统