大于2T硬盘修改为GPT格式
[root@bigdatadev03 ~]# parted GNU Parted 3.1 使用 /dev/sda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) /dev/sda #输入你要格式化的盘符，如何看盘符可看格式化硬盘步骤的第一步哦。 align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END resizepart NUMBER END resize partition NUMBER rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to edit disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted (parted) mklabel gpt #修改硬盘为GPT格式 (parted) quit 信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
格式化硬盘
- 查看硬盘是否正常安装，如⬇️文中的sda就是刚装的硬盘
[root@bigdatadev01 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 7.3T 0 disk sdb 8:16 0 3.7T 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 2M 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 4G 0 part /boot └─sdb3 8:19 0 3.6T 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 3.4T 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 128G 0 lvm [SWAP] ├─centos-home 253:2 0 50G 0 lvm /home └─centos-var 253:3 0 80G 0 lvm /var sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
- 然后给硬盘格式化成lvm格式，如????操作步骤
[root@bigdatadev01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：m
命令操作
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：d
No partition is defined yet!
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
分区号 (1-128，默认 1)：
第一个扇区 (34-15628053134，默认 2048)：34
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (34-15628053134，默认 15628053134)：
已创建分区 1
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t
已选择分区 1
分区类型(输入 L 列出所有类型)：l
1 EFI System C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
2 MBR partition scheme 024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F
3 Intel Fast Flash D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
4 BIOS boot 21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649
5 Sony boot partition F4019732-066E-4E12-8273-346C5641494F
6 Lenovo boot partition BFBFAFE7-A34F-448A-9A5B-6213EB736C22
7 PowerPC PReP boot 9E1A2D38-C612-4316-AA26-8B49521E5A8B
8 ONIE boot 7412F7D5-A156-4B13-81DC-867174929325
9 ONIE config D4E6E2CD-4469-46F3-B5CB-1BFF57AFC149
10 Microsoft reserved E3C9E316-0B5C-4DB8-817D-F92DF00215AE
11 Microsoft basic data EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
12 Microsoft LDM metadata 5808C8AA-7E8F-42E0-85D2-E1E90434CFB3
13 Microsoft LDM data AF9B60A0-1431-4F62-BC68-3311714A69AD
14 Windows recovery environment DE94BBA4-06D1-4D40-A16A-BFD50179D6AC
15 IBM General Parallel Fs 37AFFC90-EF7D-4E96-91C3-2D7AE055B174
16 Microsoft Storage Spaces E75CAF8F-F680-4CEE-AFA3-B001E56EFC2D
17 HP-UX data 75894C1E-3AEB-11D3-B7C1-7B03A0000000
18 HP-UX service E2A1E728-32E3-11D6-A682-7B03A0000000
19 Linux swap 0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F
20 Linux filesystem 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
21 Linux server data 3B8F8425-20E0-4F3B-907F-1A25A76F98E8
22 Linux root (x86) 44479540-F297-41B2-9AF7-D131D5F0458A
23 Linux root (ARM) 69DAD710-2CE4-4E3C-B16C-21A1D49ABED3
24 Linux root (x86-64) 4F68BCE3-E8CD-4DB1-96E7-FBCAF984B709
25 Linux root (ARM-64) B921B045-1DF0-41C3-AF44-4C6F280D3FAE
26 Linux root (IA-64) 993D8D3D-F80E-4225-855A-9DAF8ED7EA97
27 Linux reserved 8DA63339-0007-60C0-C436-083AC8230908
28 Linux home 933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915
29 Linux RAID A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E
30 Linux extended boot BC13C2FF-59E6-4262-A352-B275FD6F7172
31 Linux LVM E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
32 FreeBSD data 516E7CB4-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
33 FreeBSD boot 83BD6B9D-7F41-11DC-BE0B-001560B84F0F
34 FreeBSD swap 516E7CB5-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
35 FreeBSD UFS 516E7CB6-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
36 FreeBSD ZFS 516E7CBA-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
37 FreeBSD Vinum 516E7CB8-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
38 Apple HFS/HFS+ 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
39 Apple UFS 55465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
40 Apple RAID 52414944-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
41 Apple RAID offline 52414944-5F4F-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
42 Apple boot 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
43 Apple label 4C616265-6C00-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
44 Apple TV recovery 5265636F-7665-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
45 Apple Core storage 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
46 Solaris boot 6A82CB45-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
47 Solaris root 6A85CF4D-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
48 Solaris /usr & Apple ZFS 6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
49 Solaris swap 6A87C46F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
50 Solaris backup 6A8B642B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
51 Solaris /var 6A8EF2E9-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
52 Solaris /home 6A90BA39-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
53 Solaris alternate sector 6A9283A5-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
54 Solaris reserved 1 6A945A3B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
55 Solaris reserved 2 6A9630D1-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
56 Solaris reserved 3 6A980767-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
57 Solaris reserved 4 6A96237F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
58 Solaris reserved 5 6A8D2AC7-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
59 NetBSD swap 49F48D32-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
60 NetBSD FFS 49F48D5A-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
61 NetBSD LFS 49F48D82-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
62 NetBSD concatenated 2DB519C4-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
63 NetBSD encrypted 2DB519EC-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
64 NetBSD RAID 49F48DAA-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
65 ChromeOS kernel FE3A2A5D-4F32-41A7-B725-ACCC3285A309
66 ChromeOS root fs 3CB8E202-3B7E-47DD-8A3C-7FF2A13CFCEC
67 ChromeOS reserved 2E0A753D-9E48-43B0-8337-B15192CB1B5E
68 MidnightBSD data 85D5E45A-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
69 MidnightBSD boot 85D5E45E-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
70 MidnightBSD swap 85D5E45B-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
71 MidnightBSD UFS 0394EF8B-237E-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
72 MidnightBSD ZFS 85D5E45D-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
73 MidnightBSD Vinum 85D5E45C-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
74 Ceph Journal 45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-B4B80CEFF106
75 Ceph Encrypted Journal 45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-5EC00CEFF106
76 Ceph OSD 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-062C0CEFF05D
77 Ceph crypt OSD 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-5EC00CEFF05D
78 Ceph disk in creation 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-F3AD0CEFF2BE
79 Ceph crypt disk in creation 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-5EC00CEFF2BE
80 OpenBSD data 824CC7A0-36A8-11E3-890A-952519AD3F61
81 QNX6 file system CEF5A9AD-73BC-4601-89F3-CDEEEEE321A1
82 Plan 9 partition C91818F9-8025-47AF-89D2-F030D7000C2C
分区类型(输入 L 列出所有类型)：31
已将分区“Linux filesystem”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。- 确认是否格式化完毕，如????sda1 TYPE标签为part：
[root@bigdatadev01 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 7.3T 0 disk └─sda1 8:1 0 7.3T 0 part sdb 8:16 0 3.7T 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 2M 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 4G 0 part /boot └─sdb3 8:19 0 3.6T 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 3.4T 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 128G 0 lvm [SWAP] ├─centos-home 253:2 0 50G 0 lvm /home └─centos-var 253:3 0 80G 0 lvm /var sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
动态分配LVM
- 创建物理卷
pvcreate /dev/sda1 #输入命令 Physical volume "/dev/sda1" successfully created. #提示创建成功
- 查看原有的VG Name，并记录后面有用
vgdisplay #输入命令 --- Volume group --- VG Name centos #记住此名 centos，后面会用到 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 4 Open LV 4 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 3.63 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 952702 Alloc PE / Size 952702 / 3.63 TiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID fiYKdO-f7g2-KOHI-8POo-3dBx-hZtm-5kLtOy
- 将PV加入原有VG中
vgextend centos /dev/sda1 #输入命令，命令中的centos是上一步记的VG名， /dev/sda1 是格式化的硬盘名 Volume group "centos" successfully extended #提示加入成功
- 调整LVM的空间
lvextend -L +50G /dev/mapper/centos-home
命令参数说明
+50G是要调整的硬盘大小，/dev/mapper/centos-home是要扩容的目录，具体根据实际情况更改，可通过df -h命令查看。如遇到`Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 7.30 TiB.Insufficient free space: 1913652 extents needed, but only 1907721 available`报错说明硬盘容量不够，咱改稍微小点就行。
- 调整分区容量
xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-home
命令参数说明：⚠️
/dev/mapper/centos-home此路径跟上一同。
- 最后确认
可使用
df -h或者lsblk命令查看分区是否已扩容，然后重启再次查看确认。如????：
[root@bigdatadev01 /]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 7.3T 0 disk └─sda1 8:1 0 7.3T 0 part └─centos-root 253:0 0 10.4T 0 lvm / sdb 8:16 0 3.7T 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 2M 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 4G 0 part /boot └─sdb3 8:19 0 3.6T 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 10.4T 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 128G 0 lvm [SWAP] ├─centos-home 253:2 0 50G 0 lvm /home └─centos-var 253:3 0 80G 0 lvm /var sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
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