su - postgres 切换用户
 psql -U postgres 登录数据库，执行后提示符变为 ‘postgres=#’
 ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD ‘****************’ 设置postgres用户密码 
二进制安装步骤：
groupadd postgres
 useradd -g postgres postgres
 id postgres
 passwd postgres
 mkdir -p /data/postgresql/data 
 mkdir -p /data/postgresql/log
 tar xf postgresql-9.5.9-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
 cd /usr/local/
 chown -R postgres.postgres pgsql
 cd /data
 chown -R postgres.postgres postgresql
 cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin/
 vim /etc/profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsql
export PGDATA=/data/postgresql/data
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$PGHOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/glibc-2.14/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH 
 source /etc/profile
报错的话去掉多余空格
普通用户启动postgreSQL服务
 su - postgres
初始化数据库：
 initdb -E utf8 -D /data/postgresql/data
启动数据库：
 pg_ctl -D /data/postgresql/data -l /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log start
[root@localhost log]# tailf /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log 
LOG:  could not create IPv6 socket: Address family not supported by protocol
LOG:  database system was shut down at 2017-10-04 18:06:18 CST
LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
LOG:  autovacuum launcher started
关闭postgresql服务
pg_ctl -D /data/postgresql/data -l /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log stop
[root@localhost log]# tailf /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log 
LOG:  received fast shutdown request
LOG:  aborting any active transactions
LOG:  autovacuum launcher shutting down
LOG:  shutting down
LOG:  database system is shut down
重启postgresql服务
pg_ctl -D /data/postgresql/data -l /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log restart
[root@localhost log]# tailf /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log 
LOG:  received fast shutdown request
LOG:  aborting any active transactions
LOG:  autovacuum launcher shutting down
LOG:  autovacuum launcher shutting down
LOG:  shutting down
LOG:  database system is shut down
LOG:  could not create IPv6 socket: Address family not supported by protocol
LOG:  database system was shut down at 2017-10-04 18:08:15 CST
LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
LOG:  autovacuum launcher started
查看启动日志：
 tail -100f /data/postgresql/log/postgres.log
ps -ef
登陆数据库：
 psql
默认登陆postgresql数据库是不需要密码的