1、互斥锁(mutex)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define __USE_GNU
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#define THREAD_COUNT 30
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_spinlock_t spinlock;
void*callback(void* data){
int* pdata =(int*)data;
for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){
#if 1
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
(*pdata)++;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
#else
pthread_spin_lock(&spinlock);
(*pdata)++;
pthread_spin_unlock(&spinlock);
#endif
}
returnNULL;
}
intmain()
{
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
pthread_spin_init(&spinlock,PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
pthread_t tid[THREAD_COUNT]={0};
int ptcount =0;
for(int i=0;i<THREAD_COUNT;i++){
pthread_create(&tid[i],NULL,callback,(void*)&ptcount);
}
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
printf("ptcount:%d\n",ptcount);
sleep(1);
}
return0;
}
2、自旋锁(spinlock)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define __USE_GNU
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#define THREAD_COUNT 30
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_spinlock_t spinlock;
void*callback(void* data){
int* pdata =(int*)data;
for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){
#if 0
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
(*pdata)++;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
#else
pthread_spin_lock(&spinlock);
(*pdata)++;
pthread_spin_unlock(&spinlock);
#endif
}
returnNULL;
}
intmain()
{
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
pthread_spin_init(&spinlock,PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
pthread_t tid[THREAD_COUNT]={0};
int ptcount =0;
for(int i=0;i<THREAD_COUNT;i++){
pthread_create(&tid[i],NULL,callback,(void*)&ptcount);
}
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
printf("ptcount:%d\n",ptcount);
sleep(1);
}
return0;
}
3、原子操作
int inc(int *value, int add){
int old;
__asm__ volatile(
"lock; xaddl %2, %1;"
:"=a"(old)
:"m"(*value),"a"(add)
:"cc","memory"
);
return old;
}
void*callback(void *data){
int* pdata =(int*)data;
for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){
inc(pdata,1);
#if 0
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
(*pdata)++;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
#elif 0
pthread_spin_lock(&spinlock);
(*pdata)++;
pthread_spin_unlock(&spinlock);
#endif
}
returnNULL;
}
4、线程私有空间(pthread_key)
1、pthread_key_create() 用来创建线程私有数据。该函数从 TSD 池中分配一项,将其地址值赋给 key 供以后访问使用,第2个参数,是指定销毁函数,可以设置为NULL,设置为NULL的情况下,系统使用默认的销毁函数对数据进行销毁,不为空的时候,当线程退出时(pthread_exit()),将key对应的数据调出来,去释放。 2、不论哪个线程调用了 pthread_key_create(),所创建的 key 都是所有线程可以访问的,但各个线程可以根据自己的需要往 key 中填入不同的值,相当于提供了一个同名而不同值的全局变量(这个全局变量相对于拥有这个变量的线程来说)。 3、注销一个 TSD 使用 pthread_key_delete() 函数。该函数并不检查当前是否有线程正在使用该 TSD,也不会调用清理函数(destructor function),而只是将 TSD 释放以供下一次调用 pthread_key_create() 使用。在 LinuxThread 中,它还会将与之相关的线程数据项设置为 NULL。
key被创建之后,因为是全局变量,所以所有的线程都可以访问。各个线程可以根据需求往key中,填入不同的值,这就相当于提供了一个同名而值不同的全局变量,即一键多值。一键多值依靠的一个结构体数组,即
static struct pthread_key_struct pthread_keys[PTHREAD_KEYS_MAX] ={{0,NULL}};
// 定义
struct pthread_key_struct
{
/* Sequence numbers. Even numbers indicated vacant entries. Note
that zero is even. We use uintptr_t to not require padding on
32- and 64-bit machines. On 64-bit machines it helps to avoid
wrapping, too. */
uintptr_t seq;
/* Destructor for the data. */
void(*destr)(void*);
};
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define __USE_GNU
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#define THREAD_COUNT 3
pthread_key_t key;
typedefvoid*(*thread_cb)(void*);
void*func1(void *data){
int i =9;
pthread_setspecific(key,&i);
int*p = pthread_getspecific(key);
printf("p=%d\n",*p);
returnNULL;
}
void*func2(void *data){
char*str ="hello world";
pthread_setspecific(key,str);
char*ptr = pthread_getspecific(key);
printf("ptr=%s\n",ptr);
returnNULL;
}
struct pair {
int x;
int y;
};
void*func3(void *data){
struct pair p1 ={1,2};
pthread_setspecific(key,&p1);
struct pair *p =(structpair*)pthread_getspecific(key);
printf("pair x=%d,y=%d\n",p->x,p->y);
returnNULL;
}
intmain()
{
thread_cb callback_cb[THREAD_COUNT]={
func1,
func2,
func3
};
pthread_key_create(&key,NULL);
pthread_t tid[THREAD_COUNT]={0};
int count =0;
for(int i=0;i<THREAD_COUNT;i++){
pthread_create(&tid[i],NULL,callback_cb[i],&count);
}
for(int i=0;i<THREAD_COUNT;i++){
pthread_join(tid[i],NULL);
}
pthread_key_delete ( key );
return0;
}
5、共享内存 待续
6、cpu的亲缘性(affinity)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define __USE_GNU
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#define THREAD_COUNT 3
voidprocess_affinity(int num){
//gettid();
pid_t selfid = syscall(__NR_gettid);
printf("pid=%d\n",selfid);
cpu_set_t mask;
CPU_ZERO(&mask);
// cpu编号从0开始
CPU_SET(num,&mask);
// 也可以填入selfid
sched_setaffinity(0,sizeof(mask),&mask);
while(1);
}
intmain()
{
int num = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
int i =0;
pid_t pid =0;
for(int i=0;i<num/2;i++){
pid = fork();
if(pid<0)
break;
}
if(pid ==0){
printf("main pid=%d\n",pid);
process_affinity(num);
}
while(1) usleep(1);
return0;
}
7、setjmp/longjmp
int setjmp(jmp_buf env); 调用setjmp将堆栈上下文保存在jmp_buf结构体中(入栈),供longjmp稍后使用(出栈)。如果直接调用返回0,如果使用保存的上下文从longjmp返回,则返回保存值非零。 void longjmp(jmp_buf env, int val); 调用longjmp程序跳转到最后一次使用相应env参数调用setjmp处,调用longjmp后setjmp不能返回0,如果longjmp第二个参数设置0,则将返回1
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <stdio.h>
intmain(int argc, char *argv[]){
int idx =0;
jmp_buf env;
int count =0;
count = setjmp(env);
if(count ==0){
printf("count:%d\n", count);
longjmp(env,++idx);
}elseif(count ==1){
printf("count:%d\n", count);
longjmp(env,++idx);
}elseif(count ==2){
printf("count:%d\n", count);
longjmp(env,++idx);
}else{
printf("other count:%d\n",count);
}
return0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#define ntyThreadData pthread_key_t
#define ntyThreadDataSet(key, value) pthread_setspecific((key), (value))
#define ntyThreadDataGet(key) pthread_getspecific((key))
#define ntyThreadDataCreate(key) pthread_key_create(&(key), NULL)
#define EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH 512
typedefstruct _ntyException {
constchar*name;
} ntyException;
ntyException SQLException={"SQLException"};
ntyException TimeoutException={"TimeoutException"};
ntyThreadData ExceptionStack;
typedefstruct _ntyExceptionFrame {
jmp_buf env;
int line;
constchar*func;
constchar*file;
ntyException *exception;
struct _ntyExceptionFrame *prev;
char message[EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH+1];
} ntyExceptionFrame;
#define ntyExceptionPopStack \
ntyThreadDataSet(ExceptionStack, ((ntyExceptionFrame*)ntyThreadDataGet(ExceptionStack))->prev)
#define ReThrow ntyExceptionThrow(frame.exception, frame.func, frame.file, frame.line, NULL)
#define Throw(e, cause, ...) ntyExceptionThrow(&(e), __func__, __FILE__, __LINE__, cause, ##__VA_ARGS__, NULL)
enum {
ExceptionEntered=0,
ExceptionThrown,
ExceptionHandled,
ExceptionFinalized
};
#define Trydo{ \
volatileintException_flag; \
ntyExceptionFrame frame; \
frame.message[0]=0; \
frame.prev =(ntyExceptionFrame*)ntyThreadDataGet(ExceptionStack); \
ntyThreadDataSet(ExceptionStack,&frame); \
Exception_flag= setjmp(frame.env); \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered){
#define Catch(e) \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered) ntyExceptionPopStack; \
}elseif(frame.exception ==&(e)){ \
Exception_flag=ExceptionHandled;
#define Finally \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered) ntyExceptionPopStack; \
}{ \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered) \
Exception_flag=ExceptionFinalized;
#define EndTry \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered) ntyExceptionPopStack; \
}if(Exception_flag==ExceptionThrown)ReThrow; \
}while(0)
staticpthread_once_t once_control = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
staticvoidinit_once(void){
ntyThreadDataCreate(ExceptionStack);
}
voidntyExceptionInit(void){
pthread_once(&once_control, init_once);
}
voidntyExceptionThrow(ntyException *excep, const char *func, const char *file, int line, const char *cause, ...){
va_list ap;
ntyExceptionFrame *frame =(ntyExceptionFrame*)ntyThreadDataGet(ExceptionStack);
if(frame){
frame->exception = excep;
frame->func = func;
frame->file = file;
frame->line = line;
if(cause){
va_start(ap, cause);
vsnprintf(frame->message, EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH, cause, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
ntyExceptionPopStack;
longjmp(frame->env,ExceptionThrown);
}elseif(cause){
char message[EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH+1];
va_start(ap, cause);
vsnprintf(message, EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH, cause, ap);
va_end(ap);
printf("%s: %s\n raised in %s at %s:%d\n", excep->name, message, func ? func :"?", file ? file :"?", line);
}else{
printf("%s: %p\n raised in %s at %s:%d\n", excep->name, excep, func ? func :"?", file ? file :"?", line);
}
}
/* ** **** ******** **************** debug **************** ******** **** ** */
ntyException A ={"AException"};
ntyException B ={"BException"};
ntyException C ={"CException"};
ntyException D ={"DException"};
void*thread(void *args){
pthread_t selfid = pthread_self();
Try{
Throw(A,"A");
}Catch(A){
printf("catch A : %ld\n", selfid);
}EndTry;
Try{
Throw(B,"B");
}Catch(B){
printf("catch B : %ld\n", selfid);
}EndTry;
Try{
Throw(C,"C");
}Catch(C){
printf("catch C : %ld\n", selfid);
}EndTry;
Try{
Throw(D,"D");
}Catch(D){
printf("catch D : %ld\n", selfid);
}EndTry;
Try{
Throw(A,"A Again");
Throw(B,"B Again");
Throw(C,"C Again");
Throw(D,"D Again");
}Catch(A){
printf("catch A again : %ld\n", selfid);
}Catch(B){
printf("catch B again : %ld\n", selfid);
}Catch(C){
printf("catch C again : %ld\n", selfid);
}Catch(D){
printf("catch B again : %ld\n", selfid);
}EndTry;
}
#define THREADS 50
intmain(void){
ntyExceptionInit();
Throw(D,NULL);
Throw(C,"null C");
printf("\n\n=> Test1: Try-Catch\n");
Try{
Try{
Throw(B,"recall B");
}Catch(B){
printf("recall B \n");
}EndTry;
Throw(A,NULL);
}Catch(A){
printf("\tResult: Ok\n");
}EndTry;
printf("=> Test1: Ok\n\n");
printf("=> Test2: Test Thread-safeness\n");
#if 1
int i =0;
pthread_t threads[THREADS];
for(i =0;i < THREADS;i ++){
pthread_create(&threads[i],NULL, thread,NULL);
}
for(i =0;i < THREADS;i ++){
pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
}
#endif
printf("=> Test2: Ok\n\n");
}