esxi 设置引导设备 esxi无法引导启动

前段时间公司要建设自己的云中心，部署上百台服务器，那么问题来了，我总不能一台一台的安装吧，于是想到了PXE方式安装。

PXE使用动态主机配置协议（DHCP）和简单文件传输协议（TFTP）通过网络引导操作系统
PXE安装过程概览：

DHCP服务器会提供给ESXi主机TFTP服务器IP地址、指向pxelinux.0目录的指针、目标计算机使用 DHCP 服务器来获取 IP 地址。

TFTP服务器用于网络引导系统，简单来说就是传输系统安装文件和pxelinux.0（pxelinux.0二进制文件、配置文件、内核以及其他文件）

HTTP服务器用于存放ks.cfg脚本

Syslinux是一个功能强大的引导加载程序，而且兼容各种介质

PXE配置文件说明：

下面详细说明下步骤：

准备工作：

操作系统：centos7.0（其他版本也可以 ）

安装 DHCP   TFTP-server  syslinux  httpd

 

1、DHCP服务器的安装配置：

Yum install dhcp

# dhcpd.conf
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
# option definitions common to all supportednetworks..
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updatesglobally.
ddns-update-style none;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0,9) = "PXEClient";
next-server 192.168.10.145;        //指定TFTP服务器地址，设置服务器从引导文件中安装。
filename = "pxelinux.0";       //开始启动文件的名称，应用于无盘工作站。
}
subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.10.100 192.168.10.250;
}
 
2、TFTP服务器的安装配置：
Yum install xinetd
Yum install tftp
Yum install tftp-server
打开/etc/xinetd.d/tftp disable = no  server_args = -s/var/lib/tftpboot/
解压ESXi.iso镜像，复制镜像到tftpboot目录下的esxi目录下mount -o loop -t iso9660 /tmp/VMware-VMvisor-Installer-5.5.0-1331820.x86_64.iso /mnt/iso/cd /mnt/iso/ 
cp *.* /var/lib/tftpboot/esxi/

yuminstall syslinux
Syslinux配置：
首先安装syslinux  进入syslinux目录 复制/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 到/var/lib/tftpboot/下
 
创建 PXE 配置文件
mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg将/var/lib/tftpboot/esxi/isolinux.cfg  复制到 pxelinux.cfg目录下,名称可以为default
（     关于PXE 配置文件的文件名说明：
对于PXE 配置文件的文件名,请选择以下选项之一:
1   01-mac_address_of_target_ESXi_host。例如,01-23-45-67-89-0a-bc
2   以十六进制表示的目标ESXi 主机IP 地址。
3   default    ）

cp  /var/lib/tftpboot/esxi/isolinux.cfg  /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
内容如下(默认目录为var/lib/tftpboot,我在KERNEL esxi/mboot.c32
  APPEND -cesxi/boot.cfg处写过绝对路径，但是结果提示找不到对应文件，所以修改成了相对路径)：
DEFAULT menu.c32 
MENU TITLE ESXi-5.5.0-20140302001-standard Boot Menu
NOHALT 1
PROMPT 0
TIMEOUT 80
LABEL install
  KERNEL /esxi/mboot.c32
  APPEND -c /esxi/boot.cfg       //esxi前面的斜杠不能少
  MENU LABELESXi-5.5.0-20140302001-standard ^Installer
LABEL hddboot
  LOCALBOOT 0x80
  MENU LABEL^Boot from local disk
 
修改boot.cfg:
cd /var/lib/tftpboot/esxi/sed -e "s#/##g" -e "3s#^#prefix=/`basename $PWD`/\n#" -i.bak boot.cfg这里需要进入boot.cfg看一下，如果prefix=/esxi/修改为prefix=esxi/
修改前：
bootstate=0
title=Loading ESXi installer
kernel=/tboot.b00
kernelopt=runweasel
modules=/b.b00 --- /jumpstrt.gz --- /useropts.gz ---/k.b00 --- /chardevs.b00 --- /a.b00 --- /user.b00 --- /sb.v00 --- /s.v00 ---/ata_pata.v00 --- /ata_pata.v01 --- /ata_pata.v02 --- /ata_pata.v03 --- /ata_pata.v04--- /ata_pata.v05 --- /ata_pata.v06 --- /ata_pata.v07 --- /block_cc.v00 ---/ehci_ehc.v00 --- /elxnet.v00 --- /weaselin.t00 --- /esx_dvfi.v00 ---/xlibs.v00 --- /ima_qla4.v00 --- /ipmi_ipm.v00 --- /ipmi_ipm.v01 ---/ipmi_ipm.v02 --- /lpfc.v00 --- /lsi_mr3.v00 --- /lsi_msgp.v00 ---/misc_cni.v00 --- /misc_dri.v00 --- /mtip32xx.v00 --- /net_be2n.v00 ---/net_bnx2.v00 --- /net_bnx2.v01 --- /net_cnic.v00 --- /net_e100.v00 ---/net_e100.v01 --- /net_enic.v00 --- /net_forc.v00 --- /net_igb.v00 --- /net_ixgb.v00--- /net_mlx4.v00 --- /net_mlx4.v01 --- /net_nx_n.v00 --- /net_tg3.v00 ---/net_vmxn.v00 --- /ohci_usb.v00 --- /qlnative.v00 --- /rste.v00 ---/sata_ahc.v00 --- /sata_ata.v00 --- /sata_sat.v00 --- /sata_sat.v01 ---/sata_sat.v02 --- /sata_sat.v03 --- /sata_sat.v04 --- /scsi_aac.v00 ---/scsi_adp.v00 --- /scsi_aic.v00 --- /scsi_bnx.v00 --- /scsi_bnx.v01 ---/scsi_fni.v00 --- /scsi_hps.v00 --- /scsi_ips.v00 --- /scsi_lpf.v00 ---/scsi_meg.v00 --- /scsi_meg.v01 --- /scsi_meg.v02 --- /scsi_mpt.v00 --- /scsi_mpt.v01--- /scsi_mpt.v02 --- /scsi_qla.v00 --- /scsi_qla.v01 --- /uhci_usb.v00 ---/tools.t00 --- /xorg.v00 --- /imgdb.tgz --- /imgpayld.tgz
build=
updated=0
 
修改后：
bootstate=0
title=Loading ESXi installer
prefix=esxi/
kernel=tboot.b00
#kernelopt=runweasel
kernelopt=ks=http://192.168.10.145/KS/ks.cfg
modules=b.b00 --- jumpstrt.gz --- useropts.gz ---k.b00 --- chardevs.b00 --- a.b00 --- user.b00 --- sb.v00 --- s.v00 ---ata_pata.v00 --- ata_pata.v01 --- ata_pata.v02 --- ata_pata.v03 --- ata_pata.v04--- ata_pata.v05 --- ata_pata.v06 --- ata_pata.v07 --- block_cc.v00 ---ehci_ehc.v00 --- elxnet.v00 --- weaselin.t00 --- esx_dvfi.v00 --- xlibs.v00 ---ima_qla4.v00 --- ipmi_ipm.v00 --- ipmi_ipm.v01 --- ipmi_ipm.v02 --- lpfc.v00--- lsi_mr3.v00 --- lsi_msgp.v00 --- misc_cni.v00 --- misc_dri.v00 ---mtip32xx.v00 --- net_be2n.v00 --- net_bnx2.v00 --- net_bnx2.v01 ---net_cnic.v00 --- net_e100.v00 --- net_e100.v01 --- net_enic.v00 ---net_forc.v00 --- net_igb.v00 --- net_ixgb.v00 --- net_mlx4.v00 --- net_mlx4.v01--- net_nx_n.v00 --- net_tg3.v00 --- net_vmxn.v00 --- ohci_usb.v00 ---qlnative.v00 --- rste.v00 --- sata_ahc.v00 --- sata_ata.v00 --- sata_sat.v00--- sata_sat.v01 --- sata_sat.v02 --- sata_sat.v03 --- sata_sat.v04 ---scsi_aac.v00 --- scsi_adp.v00 --- scsi_aic.v00 --- scsi_bnx.v00 ---scsi_bnx.v01 --- scsi_fni.v00 --- scsi_hps.v00 --- scsi_ips.v00 ---scsi_lpf.v00 --- scsi_meg.v00 --- scsi_meg.v01 --- scsi_meg.v02 ---scsi_mpt.v00 --- scsi_mpt.v01 --- scsi_mpt.v02 --- scsi_qla.v00 --- scsi_qla.v01--- uhci_usb.v00 --- tools.t00 --- xorg.v00 --- imgdb.tgz --- imgpayld.tgz
build=
updated=0
 
去掉 /  ,添加prefix=esxi/  指定modules下的文件的前缀。
 
Httpd服务器的配置：
安装：yum install httpd
进入默认目录 /var/www/html/
创建KS目录，创建ks.cfg文件，内容如下：
# Accept the VMware End User License Agreement
vmaccepteula
# Set the root password for the DCUI and Tech SupportMode
rootpw wxk_123
# Set the keyboard type
keyboard 'United Kingdom'
# Install on the first local disk available on machine
install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs
# Configure a static IP Address on the first networkadapter
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=vmnic0
#Reboot after installation complete
reboot


service xinetd start
Service dhcpd start
service httpd restart

启动所有服务，完成，在服务器启动时bios中设置为从网络启动。

以上步骤都是通过实验完成的确认无误。

启动服务器开启网络启动。开始安装。

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/wangxiaokang/1831467