操作系统:centos6.8 服务端ip:192.168.137.142 客户端ip: 192.168.137.34 192.168.137.33

安装ansible rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm yum clean all yum repolist yum install -y ansible

生成秘钥,让服务端和客户端能进行免密钥 ssh-keygen -t dsa #一路按回车键即可 cat /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.137.34
#按回车键,然后输入yes,最后输入客户端的服务器密码 ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.137.33 #按回车键,然后输入yes,最后输入客户端的服务器密码

配置ansible

vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

[defaults] hostfile =/etc/ansible/hosts library =/usr/share/ansible remote_tmp =$HOME/.ansible/tmp pattern = * forks = 5 poll_interval = 15 sudo_user = root transport = smart remote_port = 22 timeout = 10

添加主机

vim /etc/ansible/hosts

[test] #自定义主机组名 192.168.137.34 #添加客户端的免密钥登录ip 192.168.137.33

3.常用模块使用 (1).setup #用来查看远程主机的一些基本信息 ansible test -m setup #有绿色内容显示为执行成功 (主机组) (模块)

(2).ping #用来测试远程主机的运行状态 ansible test -m ping

192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong"

(3).file #设置文件的属性 相关选项如下: force:需要在两种情况下强制创建软链接,一种是源文件不存在,但之后会建立的情况下;另一种是目标软链接已存在,需要先取消之前的软链,然后创建新的软链,有两个选项:yes|no group: 定义文件/目录的属组 mode: 定义文件/目录的权限 owner: 定义文件/目录的属主 path: 必选项,定义文件/目录的路径 recurse:递归设置文件的属性,只对目录有效 src: 被链接的源文件路径,只应用于state=link的情况 dest: 被链接到的路径,只应用于state=link的情况 state: directory:如果目录不存在,就创建目录 file:即使文件不存在,也不会被创建 link:创建软链接 hard:创建硬链接 touch:如果文件不存在,则会创建一个新的文件,如果文件或目录已存在,则更新其最后修改时间 absent:删除目录、文件或者取消链接文件

例子:

远程文件符号链接创建,当客户端在/home目录存在文件test_a,并且其他用户拥有执行权限,显示绿色为执行成功

ansible test -m file -a "src=/home/test_a dest=/tmp/test_a state=link" 192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "dest": "/tmp/test_a", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", "size": 12, "src": "/home/test_a", "state": "link", "uid": 0 } 192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "dest": "/tmp/test_a", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", "size": 12, "src": "/home/test_a", "state": "link", "uid": 0 }

#远程文件信息查看 ansible test -m command -a "ls -l /home/test_a" 192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14209 Sep 13 05:11 /home/test_a

192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12 Sep 13 10:34 /home/test_a

将本地文件“/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg”复制到远程服务器

ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg dest=/tmp/ansible.cfg owner=root group=root mode=0644" 192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "1b4bbebae90acabf3b33da80ddcb2b4564a8d323", "dest": "/tmp/ansible.cfg", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "56d60e05c5f0e6c503b82403281dbbcf", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 18307, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1505325737.38-134417600986364/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "1b4bbebae90acabf3b33da80ddcb2b4564a8d323", "dest": "/tmp/ansible.cfg", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "56d60e05c5f0e6c503b82403281dbbcf", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 18307, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1505325737.34-166041859775381/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 }

dest:必选项。要将源文件复制到的远程主机的绝对路径,如果源文件是一个目录,那么该路径也必须是个目录

src:被复制到远程主机的本地文件,可以是绝对路径,也可以是相对路径。如果路径是一个目录,它将递归复制。在这种情况下,如果路径使用“/”来结尾,则只复制目录里的内容,如果没有使用“/”来结尾,则包含目录在内的整个内容全部复制,类似于rsync。

(4).shell

切换到某个shell执行指定的指令

例子:

先在本地创建一个SHELL脚本

vim /tmp/a.sh

#!/bin/sh echo "hello"

#chmod +x /tmp/a.sh

将创建的脚本文件分发到远程

ansible test -m copy -a "src=/tmp/a.sh dest=/tmp/a.sh owner=root group=root mode=0755"

远程执行

ansible test -m shell -a "/tmp/a.sh" 192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> hello

192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> hello

Ansinle的Playbooks

例子:

vim /etc/ansible/test.yml

  • name: create_user hosts: test user: root gather_facts: false vars:
    • user: "testyml" tasks:
    • name: create user sudo: yes user: name="user" 注意: name参数对该playbook实现的功能做一个概述,后面执行过程中,会打印 name变量的值 ,可以省略; gather_facts参数指定了在以下任务部分执行前,是否先执行setup模块获取主机相关信息,这在后面的task会使用到setup获取的信息时用到; vars参数指定了变量,这里指字一个user变量,其值为test ,需要注意的是,变量值一定要用引号引住; user提定了调用user模块,name是user模块里的一个参数,而增加的用户名字调用了上面user变量的值。

执行: cd /etc/ansible/ ansible-playbook test.yml [DEPRECATION WARNING]: Instead of sudo/sudo_user, use become/become_user and make sure become_method is 'sudo' (default). This feature will be removed in a future release. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.

PLAY [create_user] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [create testyml] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.137.33] changed: [192.168.137.34]

PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.137.33 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.137.34 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0

检查: ansible 192.168.137.33 -m shell -a "id testyml"

[root@localhost ansible]# ansible 192.168.137.33 -m shell -a "id testyml" 192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> uid=501(testyml) gid=501(testyml) groups=501(testyml)

[root@localhost ansible]# ansible 192.168.137.34 -m shell -a "id testyml" 192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> uid=501(testyml) gid=501(testyml) groups=501(testyml)