实验：新增硬盘、MBR分区、制作文件系统并挂载使用

前期准备：Vmware workstaton虚拟机软件及可用的Centos7系统

1、在虚拟机中新添一块120G的硬盘，已备分区使用，重启系统即可进行分区操作。 2、查看系统上是否识别出的新增的硬盘： [root@centos7 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 10G 0 part /data sdb 8:16 0 120G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 10G 0 rom

3、下面对/dev/sdb硬盘进行分区，硬盘一共120G要求分3个分区，第一个分区为40G，第二个分区为50G，第三个分区为30G： [root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x15c20061.

Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): Using default response p Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-251658239, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-251658239, default 251658239): +40G Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 40 GiB is set

Command (m for help): N Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended Select (default p): Using default response p Partition number (2-4, default 2): First sector (83888128-251658239, default 83888128): Using default value 83888128 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (83888128-251658239, default 251658239): +50G Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 50 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): Using default response p Partition number (3,4, default 3): First sector (188745728-251658239, default 188745728): Using default value 188745728 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (188745728-251658239, default 251658239): Using default value 251658239 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 30 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

4、查看分区效果： [root@centos7 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 10G 0 part /data sdb 8:16 0 120G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 40G 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 50G 0 part └─sdb3 8:19 0 30G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 10G 0 rom

附加内容：[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 10G 0 part /data sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part └─sdb2 8:18 0 2G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 10G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 10G 0 rom
此处我们新创建了sdb和sdc两个硬盘，并且将sdb分了sdb1和sdb2两个分区，若想将sdc的分区与sdb一样，我们将sdb的分区表克隆至sdc即可，我们要做如下操作： [root@centos7 ~]# hexdump -C -n 512 /dev/sdb 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ae bb 79 e2 00 00 00 20 |..........y.... | 000001c0 21 00 83 aa 28 82 00 08 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 15 |!...(....... ...| 000001d0 51 05 83 2a a0 0a 00 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 |Q......@...@...| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 [root@centos7 ~]# hexdump -C -n 512 /dev/sdc 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000200 我们看到sdb有数据。sdc是空的， [root@centos7 ~]# dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sdc bs=1 count=66 skip=446 seek=446 （注：count=66，是因为中间的64位字节还要加上55 aa 两个标记位！） 66+0 records in 66+0 records out 66 bytes (66 B) copied, 0.00506342 s, 13.0 kB/s [root@centos7 ~]# hexdump -C -n 512 /dev/sdc 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 |............... | 000001c0 21 00 83 aa 28 82 00 08 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 15 |!...(....... ...| 000001d0 51 05 83 2a a0 0a 00 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 |Q......@...@...| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 [root@centos7 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 10G 0 part /data sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part └─sdb2 8:18 0 2G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 10G 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part └─sdc2 8:34 0 2G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 10G 0 rom
此时的sdc与sdb已然同步。 5、通知内核读取更新的分区表： 查看分区表是否更新： [root@centos7 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb [root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name

8 0 209715200 sda 8 1 1048576 sda1 8 2 52428800 sda2 8 3 2097152 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 10485760 sda5 8 16 125829120 sdb 8 17 41943040 sdb1 8 18 52428800 sdb2 8 19 31456256 sdb3 11 0 10491904 sr0 成功分区后即可制作文件系统了。

6、对新硬盘分区创建文件系统 新增磁盘分区完成后，开始制作文件系统。对sdb1分区进行制做xfs文件系统为例，以演示创建文件系统，其它分区方法一样。 [root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2621440 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=10485760, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=5120, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 查看/dev/sdb1的分区类型： [root@centos7 ~]# blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="bfb9c261-33b4-4602-91ea-a71995a8ef96" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="4f823650-e522-46fa-9904-c1e7476f89ad" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sda3: UUID="8cc37a26-d321-4331-a020-05f3a08af552" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda5: UUID="0f16b61c-d601-4783-8e3d-0a6452aad27d" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sdb1: UUID="fd61aaf0-bc8e-4da4-8e66-d29d5696b2d5" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sr0: UUID="2018-11-26-14-22-58-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos" 可见sdb1分区已经创建完成，下面就可以挂载分区后正常使用了。

7、挂载新硬盘分区：挂载/dev/sdb1分区： 创建/dev/sdb1分区的挂载点： [root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /madedu_data [root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /madedu_data [root@centos7 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 50G 3.9G 47G 8% / devtmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.2G 11M 1.2G 1% /run tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda5 10G 33M 10G 1% /data /dev/sda1 1014M 174M 841M 18% /boot tmpfs 233M 0 233M 0% /run/user/0 tmpfs 233M 12K 233M 1% /run/user/42 /dev/sdb1 40G 33M 40G 1% /madedu_data

8、配置开机自动挂载 挂载完成后，记住要写在/etc/fstab配置文件里，使其新增磁盘分区在开机后能自动挂载。 [root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/fstab

/etc/fstab

Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 3 22:00:10 2019

Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

UUID=4f823650-e522-46fa-9904-c1e7476f89ad / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=bfb9c261-33b4-4602-91ea-a71995a8ef96 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=0f16b61c-d601-4783-8e3d-0a6452aad27d /data xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=8cc37a26-d321-4331-a020-05f3a08af552 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /madedu_data xfs defaults 0 0 将此内容添加其中：/dev/sdb1 /magedu_data xfs defaults 0 0 检查配置文件的语法： [root@Magedu ~]# mount -a

执行该命令后，没有报错，说明配置文件正确，能开机自动挂载，到此整个新增硬盘、分区、制作文件系统以及自动挂载配置全过程完成结束。