Python第三方模块中一般会自带setup.py文件，在Windows环境下，我们只需要在命令行中使用以下命令即可自动化安装
python setup.py install
安装的过程中有可能会出现“ImportError: No module named setuptools”的错误提示，这是因为Windows环境下Python默认是没有安装setuptools这个模块的，这也是一个第三方模块。
只需要下载https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py 自动化安装脚本，并运行即可自动判别python版本进行自动化安装，之后再运行 python setup.py install 即可自动安装第三方模块了
*运行脚本时，卡在下载setuptools的步骤的话，可以事先在下载好在运行脚本
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Setuptools bootstrapping installer.
Maintained at https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/tree/bootstrap.
Run this script to install or upgrade setuptools.
This method is DEPRECATED. Check https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/581 for more details.
"""
import os
import shutil
import sys
import tempfile
import zipfile
import optparse
import subprocess
import platform
import textwrap
import contextlib
from distutils import log
try:
from urllib.request import urlopen
except ImportError:
from urllib2 import urlopen
try:
from site import USER_SITE
except ImportError:
USER_SITE = None
# 33.1.1 is the last version that supports setuptools self upgrade/installation.
DEFAULT_VERSION = "33.1.1"
DEFAULT_URL = "https://pypi.io/packages/source/s/setuptools/"
DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR = os.curdir
DEFAULT_DEPRECATION_MESSAGE = "ez_setup.py is deprecated and when using it setuptools will be pinned to {0} since it's the last version that supports setuptools self upgrade/installation, check https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/581 for more info; use pip to install setuptools"
MEANINGFUL_INVALID_ZIP_ERR_MSG = 'Maybe {0} is corrupted, delete it and try again.'
log.warn(DEFAULT_DEPRECATION_MESSAGE.format(DEFAULT_VERSION))
def _python_cmd(*args):
"""
Execute a command.
Return True if the command succeeded.
"""
args = (sys.executable,) + args
return subprocess.call(args) == 0
def _install(archive_filename, install_args=()):
"""Install Setuptools."""
with archive_context(archive_filename):
# installing
log.warn('Installing Setuptools')
if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args):
log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.')
log.warn('See the error message above.')
# exitcode will be 2
return 2
def _build_egg(egg, archive_filename, to_dir):
"""Build Setuptools egg."""
with archive_context(archive_filename):
# building an egg
log.warn('Building a Setuptools egg in %s', to_dir)
_python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir)
# returning the result
log.warn(egg)
if not os.path.exists(egg):
raise IOError('Could not build the egg.')
class ContextualZipFile(zipfile.ZipFile):
"""Supplement ZipFile class to support context manager for Python 2.6."""
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
self.close()
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
"""Construct a ZipFile or ContextualZipFile as appropriate."""
if hasattr(zipfile.ZipFile, '__exit__'):
return zipfile.ZipFile(*args, **kwargs)
return super(ContextualZipFile, cls).__new__(cls)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def archive_context(filename):
"""
Unzip filename to a temporary directory, set to the cwd.
The unzipped target is cleaned up after.
"""
tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
old_wd = os.getcwd()
try:
os.chdir(tmpdir)
try:
with ContextualZipFile(filename) as archive:
archive.extractall()
except zipfile.BadZipfile as err:
if not err.args:
err.args = ('', )
err.args = err.args + (
MEANINGFUL_INVALID_ZIP_ERR_MSG.format(filename),
)
raise
# going in the directory
subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
os.chdir(subdir)
log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
yield
finally:
os.chdir(old_wd)
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):
"""Download Setuptools."""
py_desig = 'py{sys.version_info[0]}.{sys.version_info[1]}'.format(sys=sys)
tp = 'setuptools-{version}-{py_desig}.egg'
egg = os.path.join(to_dir, tp.format(**locals()))
if not os.path.exists(egg):
archive = download_setuptools(version, download_base,
to_dir, download_delay)
_build_egg(egg, archive, to_dir)
sys.path.insert(0, egg)
# Remove previously-imported pkg_resources if present (see
# https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/pull-request/7/ for details).
if 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules:
_unload_pkg_resources()
import setuptools
setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg
def use_setuptools(
version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, download_delay=15):
"""
Ensure that a setuptools version is installed.
Return None. Raise SystemExit if the requested version
or later cannot be installed.
"""
to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
# prior to importing, capture the module state for
# representative modules.
rep_modules = 'pkg_resources', 'setuptools'
imported = set(sys.modules).intersection(rep_modules)
try:
import pkg_resources
pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=" + version)
# a suitable version is already installed
return
except ImportError:
# pkg_resources not available; setuptools is not installed; download
pass
except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
# no version of setuptools was found; allow download
pass
except pkg_resources.VersionConflict as VC_err:
if imported:
_conflict_bail(VC_err, version)
# otherwise, unload pkg_resources to allow the downloaded version to
# take precedence.
del pkg_resources
_unload_pkg_resources()
return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
def _conflict_bail(VC_err, version):
"""
Setuptools was imported prior to invocation, so it is
unsafe to unload it. Bail out.
"""
conflict_tmpl = textwrap.dedent("""
The required version of setuptools (>={version}) is not available,
and can't be installed while this script is running. Please
install a more recent version first, using
'easy_install -U setuptools'.
(Currently using {VC_err.args[0]!r})
""")
msg = conflict_tmpl.format(**locals())
sys.stderr.write(msg)
sys.exit(2)
def _unload_pkg_resources():
sys.meta_path = [
importer
for importer in sys.meta_path
if importer.__class__.__module__ != 'pkg_resources.extern'
]
del_modules = [
name for name in sys.modules
if name.startswith('pkg_resources')
]
for mod_name in del_modules:
del sys.modules[mod_name]
def _clean_check(cmd, target):
"""
Run the command to download target.
If the command fails, clean up before re-raising the error.
"""
try:
subprocess.check_call(cmd)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
if os.access(target, os.F_OK):
os.unlink(target)
raise
def download_file_powershell(url, target):
"""
Download the file at url to target using Powershell.
Powershell will validate trust.
Raise an exception if the command cannot complete.
"""
target = os.path.abspath(target)
ps_cmd = (
"[System.Net.WebRequest]::DefaultWebProxy.Credentials = "
"[System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultCredentials; "
'(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("%(url)s", "%(target)s")'
% locals()
)
cmd = [
'powershell',
'-Command',
ps_cmd,
]
_clean_check(cmd, target)
def has_powershell():
"""Determine if Powershell is available."""
if platform.system() != 'Windows':
return False
cmd = ['powershell', '-Command', 'echo test']
with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull:
try:
subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
except Exception:
return False
return True
download_file_powershell.viable = has_powershell
def download_file_curl(url, target):
cmd = ['curl', url, '--location', '--silent', '--output', target]
_clean_check(cmd, target)
def has_curl():
cmd = ['curl', '--version']
with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull:
try:
subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
except Exception:
return False
return True
download_file_curl.viable = has_curl
def download_file_wget(url, target):
cmd = ['wget', url, '--quiet', '--output-document', target]
_clean_check(cmd, target)
def has_wget():
cmd = ['wget', '--version']
with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull:
try:
subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
except Exception:
return False
return True
download_file_wget.viable = has_wget
def download_file_insecure(url, target):
"""Use Python to download the file, without connection authentication."""
src = urlopen(url)
try:
# Read all the data in one block.
data = src.read()
finally:
src.close()
# Write all the data in one block to avoid creating a partial file.
with open(target, "wb") as dst:
dst.write(data)
download_file_insecure.viable = lambda: True
def get_best_downloader():
downloaders = (
download_file_powershell,
download_file_curl,
download_file_wget,
download_file_insecure,
)
viable_downloaders = (dl for dl in downloaders if dl.viable())
return next(viable_downloaders, None)
def download_setuptools(
version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, delay=15,
downloader_factory=get_best_downloader):
"""
Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename.
`version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available
as an sdist for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
`delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download
attempt.
``downloader_factory`` should be a function taking no arguments and
returning a function for downloading a URL to a target.
"""
# making sure we use the absolute path
to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
zip_name = "setuptools-%s.zip" % version
url = download_base + zip_name
saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, zip_name)
if not os.path.exists(saveto): # Avoid repeated downloads
log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
downloader = downloader_factory()
downloader(url, saveto)
return os.path.realpath(saveto)
def _build_install_args(options):
"""
Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the setuptools package.
Returns list of command line arguments.
"""
return ['--user'] if options.user_install else []
def _parse_args():
"""Parse the command line for options."""
parser = optparse.OptionParser()
parser.add_option(
'--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False,
help='install in user site package')
parser.add_option(
'--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL",
default=DEFAULT_URL,
help='alternative URL from where to download the setuptools package')
parser.add_option(
'--insecure', dest='downloader_factory', action='store_const',
const=lambda: download_file_insecure, default=get_best_downloader,
help='Use internal, non-validating downloader'
)
parser.add_option(
'--version', help="Specify which version to download",
default=DEFAULT_VERSION,
)
parser.add_option(
'--to-dir',
help="Directory to save (and re-use) package",
default=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR,
)
options, args = parser.parse_args()
# positional arguments are ignored
return options
def _download_args(options):
"""Return args for download_setuptools function from cmdline args."""
return dict(
version=options.version,
download_base=options.download_base,
downloader_factory=options.downloader_factory,
to_dir=options.to_dir,
)
def main():
"""Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall."""
options = _parse_args()
archive = download_setuptools(**_download_args(options))
return _install(archive, _build_install_args(options))
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(main())
