0.概念说明
一切开始的开始 先说明一些概念
物理卷（Physical Volume）即PV： 物理卷就是指硬盘分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备(如RAID)，是LVM的基本存储逻辑块，但和基本的物理存储介质（如分区、磁盘等）比较，却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数。
卷组（Volume Group）即VG： LVM卷组类似于非LVM系统中的物理硬盘，其由物理卷组成。可以在卷组上创建一个或多个“LVM分区”（逻辑卷），LVM卷组由一个或多个物理卷组成。
逻辑卷（Logical Volume）即LV： LVM的逻辑卷类似于非LVM系统中的硬盘分区，在逻辑卷之上可以建立文件系统(比如/home或者/usr等)。
总之 LV建立在VG之上，VG建立在PV之上，是PV的集合，PV即物理卷。
本文的总体思路为： 扩容PV-> 扩容LV -> 扩容根目录空间
1.VM添加空间
使用vmware增加空间 ↓
2.使用fdisk扩展原有分区
此处参考了Linux下使用fdisk扩展分区容量，原文关键部分摘录如下
对/dev/sda4进行扩容
[root@linuxprobe ~]: fdisk /dev/sda #对/dev/sda进行操作
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p #查看分区表信息
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005210c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1301 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1301 1497 1572864 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 1497 2611 8952832 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d #删除分区
Partition number (1-4): 4 #删除需要扩容的分区（这里为sda4）
Command (m for help): p #再次查看分区信息，/dev/sda4已被删除
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005210c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1301 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1301 1497 1572864 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n #创建新的分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p #创建为主分区
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (1497-3916, default 1497): #经对比，正好和上一个磁盘柱一致，默认即可
Using default value 1497
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1497-3916, default 3916):
Using default value 3916 #直接默认就可以
Command (m for help): p #查看分区表信息
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005210c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1301 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1301 1497 1572864 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 1497 3916 19436582 83 Linux
Command (m for help): wp #保存并退出，如果创建有误，直接退出不要保存即可
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.3.刷新PV空间
对分区扩容完成后，会发现空间依旧没有增加，此时需要先刷新pv大小，使用pvresize:
[root@syra-ti_ubuntu~]: pvdisplay #先列出pv
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name ubuntu-vg
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 16.50 KiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9983
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 9983
PV UUID 2CF0fb-auL8-N1Xk-Lpo1-pdzo-MLN5-R0QAIX
[root@syra-ti_ubuntu~]: pvresize /dev/sda4 #调用pvresize进行刷新
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
[root@syra-ti_ubuntu~]: pvdisplay #再次查看pv大小 发现pv大小已经正常
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name ubuntu-vg
PV Size <39.00 GiB / not usable 16.50 KiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9983
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 9983
PV UUID 2CF0fb-auL8-N1Xk-Lpo1-pdzo-MLN5-R0QAIX4.为LV增加空间
对pv扩容完成后，会发现lv的空间依旧没有增加，此时需要扩展lv大小，使用lvextend:
[root@syra-ti_ubuntu~]: lvdisplay #列出lv信息 发现lv空间没有增加
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
LV Name ubuntu-lv
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID 3THGqb-Me9D-KFEK-QxT5-dP8Y-hUqa-knbAa3
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2021-10-12 06:49:31 +0000
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <19.00 GiB
Current LE 9983
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
[root@syra-ti_ubuntu~]: lvextend -L +20G /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv /dev/sda4 #调用lvextend进行扩容
[root@syra-ti_ubuntu~]: lvdisplay #再次列出lv信息 发现lv空间已经增加
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
LV Name ubuntu-lv
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID 3THGqb-Me9D-KFEK-QxT5-dP8Y-hUqa-knbAa3
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2021-10-12 06:49:31 +0000
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <39.00 GiB
Current LE 9983
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:05.扩展根目录空间
对lv扩容完成后，会发现根目录的空间依旧没有增加，此时需要刷新根目录大小，使用resize2fs:
[root@syra-ti_ubuntu~]: df -h #发现/根目录空间还是没有增加
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 393M 1.8M 391M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 19G 18G 19G 99% /
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2128
/dev/loop1 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2253
/dev/loop3 43M 43M 0 100% /snap/snapd/14066
/dev/loop2 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/docker/1125
/dev/loop4 33M 33M 0 100% /snap/snapd/13270
/dev/sda2 976M 150M 759M 17% /boot
tmpfs 393M 0 393M 0% /run/user/0
[root@syra-ti_ubuntu~]: resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv #使用resize2fs进行刷新
resize2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 5
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 10222592 (4k) blocks long.
[root@syra-ti_ubuntu~]: df -h #再次查看，发现/根目录空间已经增加
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 393M 1.8M 391M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 39G 18G 19G 49% /
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2128
/dev/loop1 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2253
/dev/loop3 43M 43M 0 100% /snap/snapd/14066
/dev/loop2 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/docker/1125
/dev/loop4 33M 33M 0 100% /snap/snapd/13270
/dev/sda2 976M 150M 759M 17% /boot
tmpfs 393M 0 393M 0% /run/user/0以上！まいど～
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