一、实训内容:

  1. 架构分析
    (1)需求分析
    本实验的目的在于建立小型局域网。由于公司由不同部门组成,并分布在不同地点,因此需要划分不同网络实现互联互通。设计以下网络:两个部门各使用一台交换机连接,然后连接到总交换机,再通过路由器与外网以及其他部门网络相连。为了控制网络上的广播风暴,增加网络的安全性,在交换机上需要设置VLAN,在路由器与交换机之间需要设置动态路由OSPF协议。
    (2)环境要求
    Cisco模拟器
  2. 规划拓扑
    (1)拓扑描述
    地点1包括部门1和部门2;地点2包括部门3。
    部门1网络为子网3:172.16.3.0/24,对应VLAN3。
    部门2网络为子网9:172.16.9.0/24,对应VLAN9。
    部门1、部门2的计算机分别通过交换机S1、S2接入,然后通过总交换机S3互连。
    S3连接路由器R1,R1通过R2与地点2的部门3网络子网5:10.0.5.0/24相连。
    (2)拓扑图
    注意:路由器使用AR2220。
    该小型局域网拓扑图如图2-3-1所示。

    图2-3-1 小型局域网拓扑

2、 配置过程说明
(1)交换机
S1:需要创建vlan、配置access和trunk接口、并将相应接口加入对应vlan3中。
S2:需要创建vlan、配置access和trunk接口、并将相应接口加入对应vlan9中。
S3:需要创建vlan、配置access和trunk接口、配置vlanif 3和vlanif 9接口及其IP地址,创建vlan1002,并配置vlanif 1002接口及其IP地址192.168.2.1/24。
S4:需要创建vlan、配置access和trunk接口、配置vlanif 105接口及其IP地址,创建vlan1004,并配置vlanif 1004接口及其IP地址192.168.4.1/24。
(2)路由器
R1:配置各接口IP地址、配置OSPF协议。
R2:配置各接口IP地址、配置OSPF协议。
3、设备配置
(1)S1配置步骤

Switch>en
 Switch#conf t
 Switch(config)#hostname S1
 S1(config)#vlan 3
 S1(config-vlan)#vlan 9
 S1(config-vlan)#vlan 1002
 S1(config-vlan)#exit
 S1(config)#int f0/3
 S1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
 S1(config-if)#int f0/1
 S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
 S1(config-if)#

(2)S2配置步骤

Switch>en
 Switch#conf t
 Switch(config)#hostname S2
 S2(config)#vlan 3
 S2(config-vlan)#vlan 9
 S2(config-vlan)#vlan 1002
 S2(config-vlan)#exit
 S2(config)#int f0/3
 S2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 9
 S2(config-if)#int f0/1
 S2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
 S2(config-if)#

(3)S3配置步骤

Switch>en
 Switch#conf t
 Switch(config)#hostname S3
 S3(config)#ip routing
 S3(config)#vlan 3
 S3(config-vlan)#vlan 9
 S3(config-vlan)#vlan 1002
 S3(config-vlan)#exit
 S3(config)#int f0/1
 S3(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
 Command rejected: An interface whose trunk encapsulation is “Auto” can not be configured to “trunk” mode.
 S3(config-if)#int f0/2
 S3(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
 Command rejected: An interface whose trunk encapsulation is “Auto” can not be configured to “trunk” mode.
 S3(config-if)#int f0/3
 S3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 1002
 S3(config-if)#no shutdown
 S3(config-if)#exit
 S3(config)#S3(config)#int vlan 3
 S3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
 S3(config-if)#int vlan 9
 S3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.9.1 255.255.255.0
 S3(config-if)#int vlan 1002
 S3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0S3(config)#router ospf 1
 S3(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
 S3(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
 S3(config-router)#network 172.16.9.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
 S3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1S3(config)#service dhcp
 S3(config)#ip dhcp pool vlan9
 S3(dhcp-config)#network 172.16.9.0 255.255.255.0
 S3(dhcp-config)#default-router 172.16.9.1
 S3(dhcp-config)#dns-server 8.8.8.8

(4)S4配置步骤

Switch>en
 Switch#conf t
 Switch(config)#hostname S4
 S4(config)#ip routing
 S4(config)#vlan 105
 S4(config-vlan)#vlan 1004
 S4(config-vlan)#exit
 S4(config)#int f0/1
 S4(config-if)#switchport access vlan 1004
 S4(config-if)#no shutdown
 S4(config-if)#int f0/2
 S4(config-if)#switchport access vlan 105
 S4(config-if)#exit
 S4(config)#int vlan 105
 S4(config-if)#ip address 10.0.5.1 255.255.255.0
 S4(config-if)#int vlan 1004
 S4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
 S4(config-if)#exit
 S4(config)#router ospf 1
 S4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4
 S4(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
 S4(config-router)#network 10.0.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 2

(5)R1配置步骤

Router>en
 Router#conf t
 Router(config)#hostname R1
 R1(config)#int f0/1
 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
 R1(config-if)#no shutdown
 R1(config-if)#int f0/0
 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
 R1(config-if)#no shutdown
 R1(config-if)#exit
 R1(config)#router ospf 1
 R1(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

(6)R2配置步骤

Router>en
 Router#conf t
 Router(config)#hostname R2
 R2(config)#int f0/0
 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
 R2(config-if)#no shutdown
 R2(config-if)#int f0/1
 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
 R2(config-if)#no shutdown
 R2(config-if)#exit
 R2(config)#router ospf 1
 R2(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3
 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
  1. 查看路由表 (1)查看S3交换机路由表
3.  S3#show ip route
 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
 i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area• candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
 P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
 O IA 10.0.5.0 [110/4] via 192.168.2.2, 00:12:44, Vlan1002
 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
 C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Vlan3
 C 172.16.9.0 is directly connected, Vlan9
 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan1002
 O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.2.2, 00:12:54, Vlan1002
 O IA 192.168.4.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.2.2, 00:12:44, Vlan1002
 S3#

(2)查看R1路由器路由表

R1#show ip route
 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
 i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area• candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
 P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
 O IA 10.0.5.0 [110/3] via 192.168.3.1, 00:14:00, FastEthernet0/0
 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
 O 172.16.3.0 [110/2] via 192.168.2.1, 00:02:24, FastEthernet0/1
 O 172.16.9.0 [110/2] via 192.168.2.1, 00:02:14, FastEthernet0/1
 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 O IA 192.168.4.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.3.1, 00:14:00, FastEthernet0/0
 R1#

(3)查看R2路由器路由表

R2#show ip route
 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
 i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area• candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
 P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
 O 10.0.5.0 [110/2] via 192.168.4.1, 00:18:58, FastEthernet0/1
 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
 O IA 172.16.3.0 [110/3] via 192.168.3.2, 00:03:19, FastEthernet0/0
 O IA 172.16.9.0 [110/3] via 192.168.3.2, 00:03:09, FastEthernet0/0
 O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.3.2, 00:15:03, FastEthernet0/0
 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
 R2#

(4)查看S4交换机路由表

S4#show ip route
 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
 i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area• candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
 P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
 C 10.0.5.0 is directly connected, Vlan105
 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
 O IA 172.16.3.0 [110/4] via 192.168.4.2, 00:04:10, Vlan1004
 O IA 172.16.9.0 [110/4] via 192.168.4.2, 00:04:00, Vlan1004
 O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.4.2, 00:15:54, Vlan1004
 O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.4.2, 00:16:55, Vlan1004
 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan1004
 S4#

4 配置PC地址
(1)配置PC1地址
IP地址:172.16.3.2
子网掩码:255.255.255.0
网关:172.16.3.1

(2)配置PC2地址
设置为DHCP动态获取IP地址方式

(3)配置PC3地址
IP地址:10.0.5.2
子网掩码:255.255.255.0
网关:10.0.5.1

5.网络连通性测试
(1)PC1连通测试
PC1(172.16.3.2)pingPC2(172.16.9.2),可以ping通
PC1(172.16.3.2)pingPC3(10.0.5.2),可以ping通

PC2(172.16.9.2)pingPC1(172.16.3.2),可以ping通
PC2(172.16.9.2)pingPC3(10.0.5.2),可以ping通

PC3(10.0.5.2)pingPC1(172.16.3.2),可以ping通
PC3(10.0.5.2)pingPC2(172.16.9.2),可以ping通