android 网络图片缓存 image cach  

  

android从网络上异步加载图像,现总结如下:

(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。

     在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示

private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
          handler.post(new Runnable() {
                 public void run() {
                     Drawable drawable = null;
                     try {
                         drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), “image.png”);
                     } catch (IOException e) {
                     }
                     ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                 }
             });
     }

上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。

然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?

(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:

final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
           @Override
           public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
              ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
           }
       };     对应加载图像代码如下:
   //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
      private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
          Thread thread = new Thread(){
              @Override
              public void run() {
                Drawable drawable = null;
                     try {
                         drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), “image.png”);
                     } catch (IOException e) {
                     }                 Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
                  message.arg1 = id;
                  message.obj = drawable;
                  handler2.sendMessage(message);
              }
          };
          thread.start();
          thread = null;
     }

这样就简单实现了异步加载了。细想一下,还可以优化的,比如引入线程池、引入缓存等,我们先介绍线程池。

(3)引入ExecutorService接口,于是代码可以优化如下:

       在主线程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   

       对应加载图像方法更改如下:

// 引入线程池来管理多线程
     private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
         executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
             public void run() {
                 try {
                     final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), “image.png”);
                     handler.post(new Runnable() {                         public void run() {
                             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                         }
                     });
                 } catch (Exception e) {
                     throw new RuntimeException(e);
                 }
             }
         });
     }

(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是

建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类

public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
    //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
     public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
     private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务
     private final Handler handler=new Handler();      /**
      *
      * @param imageUrl     图像url地址
      * @param callback     回调接口
      * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
      */
     public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
         //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
         if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
             SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
             if (softReference.get() != null) {
                 return softReference.get();
             }
         }
         //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中
          executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
             public void run() {
                 try {
                     final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), “image.png”);                     imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
                     handler.post(new Runnable() {
                         public void run() {
                            callback.imageLoaded(drawable);
                         }
                     });
                 } catch (Exception e) {
                     throw new RuntimeException(e);
                 }
             }
         });
         return null;
     }
      //从网络上取数据方法
     protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
         try {
             return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), “image.png”);
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
     }
     //对外界开放的回调接口
     public interface ImageCallback {
         //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源
         public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
     }
 }

这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。

在主线程调用代码:

  先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

  调用异步加载方法:

//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
     private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
           //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
          Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
              //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
              public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
                ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
              }
          });
         if(cacheImage!=null){
           ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
         }
     }

(5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:

public class AsyncImageLoader {
    //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
     private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();      /**
      *
      * @param imageUrl     图像url地址
      * @param callback     回调接口
      * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
      */
     public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
         //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
         if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
             SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
             if (softReference.get() != null) {
                 return softReference.get();
             }
         }         final Handler handler = new Handler() {
             @Override
             public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                 callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);
             }
         };
         new Thread() {
             public void run() {
                 Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
                 imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
                 handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));             }
         }.start();
         /*
         下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法
          */
 //        new AsyncTask() {
 //            @Override
 //            protected Drawable doInBackground(Object… objects) {
 //                  Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
 //                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
 //                return  drawable;
 //            }
 //
 //            @Override
 //            protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
 //                  callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);
 //            }
 //        }.execute();
         return null;
     }     protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
         try {
             return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), “src”);
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
     }
     //对外界开放的回调接口
     public interface ImageCallback {
         public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
     }
 }

至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:

package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;
 import .Activity;
 import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.widget.ImageView;
 import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;
 import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;
 import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3; import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {
        final Handler handler=new Handler();
       final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
           @Override
           public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
              ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
           }
       };
  private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务
     private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
     private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
   setContentView(R.layout.main);
   
 //  loadImage(“http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif“, .image1);
 //  loadImage(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image2);
 //  loadImage(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image3);
 //        loadImage(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image4);
 //  loadImage(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image5);         loadImage2(“http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif“, .image1);
   loadImage2(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image2);
   loadImage2(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image3);
         loadImage2(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image4);
   loadImage2(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image5);
 //        loadImage3(“http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif“, .image1);
 //  loadImage3(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image2);
 //  loadImage3(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image3);
 //        loadImage3(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image4);
 //  loadImage3(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image5); //        loadImage4(“http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif“, .image1);
 //  loadImage4(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image2);
 //  loadImage4(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image3);
 //        loadImage4(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image4);
 //  loadImage4(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image5); //        loadImage5(“http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif“, .image1);
 //        //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时
 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
 //  loadImage5(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image2);
 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
 //  loadImage5(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image3);
 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
 //        loadImage5(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image4);
 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
 //  loadImage5(“http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif“, .image5);
 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
 //         loadImage5(“http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif“, .image4);
  }  @Override
  protected void onDestroy() {
   executorService.shutdown();
   super.onDestroy();
  }
     //线程加载图像基本原理
     private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
          handler.post(new Runnable() {
                 public void run() {
                     Drawable drawable = null;
                     try {
                         drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), “image.png”);
                     } catch (IOException e) {
                     }
                     ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                 }
             });
     }
      //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
      private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
          Thread thread = new Thread(){
              @Override
              public void run() {
                Drawable drawable = null;
                     try {
                         drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), “image.png”);
                     } catch (IOException e) {
                     }                 Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
                  message.arg1 = id;
                  message.obj = drawable;
                  handler2.sendMessage(message);
              }
          };
          thread.start();
          thread = null;
     }
     // 引入线程池来管理多线程
     private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
         executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
             public void run() {
                 try {
                     final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), “image.png”);
                     handler.post(new Runnable() {                         public void run() {
                             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                         }
                     });
                 } catch (Exception e) {
                     throw new RuntimeException(e);
                 }
             }
         });
     }
     //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
     private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
           //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
          Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
              //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
              public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
                ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
              }
          });
         if(cacheImage!=null){
           ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
         }
     }     //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口
     private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {
           //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
          Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {
              //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
              public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
                ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
              }
          });
         if(cacheImage!=null){
                     ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
         }
     }
 }

xml文件大致如下:

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”utf-8″?>
 <LinearLayout xmlns:android=”http:///apk/res/android”
               android:layout_width=”fill_parent”
               android:orientation=”vertical”
               android:layout_height=”fill_parent” >
   <ImageView android:id=”@+id/image1″ android:layout_height=”wrap_content” android:layout_width=”fill_parent”></ImageView>
    <ImageView android:id=”@+id/image2″ android:layout_height=”wrap_content” android:layout_width=”fill_parent”></ImageView>
     <ImageView android:id=”@+id/image3″ android:layout_height=”wrap_content” android:layout_width=”fill_parent”></ImageView>
     <ImageView android:id=”@+id/image5″ android:layout_height=”wrap_content” android:layout_width=”fill_parent”></ImageView>
     <ImageView android:id=”@+id/image4″ android:layout_height=”wrap_content” android:layout_width=”fill_parent”></ImageView>
 </LinearLayout>