怎么从BMC安装centos 7 centos8安装bbr

文章目录

• 1.cobbler服务端部署

• 1.1安装Cobbler及相关软件包
• 1.2配置服务
• 1.3配置Cobbler
• 1.4配置DHCP模板文件
• 1.5同步Cobbler配置
• 1.6 管理distro
• 1.7创建kickstarts自动安装脚本

• 2.安装系统

• 2.1手动安装
• 2.2自动安装

1.cobbler服务端部署

1.1安装Cobbler及相关软件包

注：必须使用CentOS官方源

#安装epel
[root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release rsync rsync-daemon -y

#
[root@localhost ~]# yum module list | grep cobbler
cobbler              3               default [d]                              Versa
tile Linux deployment server                                                       
                                                                                   
                                                      
cobbler              3.3             default                                  Versa
tile Linux deployment server                                                       

#cobbler直接开启会失败因为有两个 指定cobbler：3 开启
[root@localhost ~]# dnf module enable cobbler:3 -y

#此时查看已经有了cobbler可以通过yum安装了
[root@localhost ~]# yum list all | grep cobbler
cobbler.noarch                                                    3.2.2-11.module_el8+14161+f12890f2                         epel-modular 
cobbler-tests.noarch                                              3.2.2-11.module_el8+14161+f12890f2                         epel-modular 
cobbler-web.noarch                                                3.2.2-11.module_el8+14161+f12890f2                         epel-modular 

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart -y

1.2配置服务

#开启httpd和cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp

#关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled

1.3配置Cobbler

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.220.5/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml 
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^server: " /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml 
server: 192.168.220.5  //此处修改为本机ip

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#next_server: 127.0.0.1#next_server: 192.168.220.5#" /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml 
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^next_server: " /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml 
next_server: 192.168.220.5  //此处修改为本机ip

#生成密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456789'
$1$20982$uHkwNZPwK6e4cbNUT8uZR0

# 修改 /etc/cobbler/settings 文件中的 default_password_crypted 参数的值为上面生成的密码串
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'default_password_crypted:' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml 
default_password_crypted: "$1$20982$uHkwNZPwK6e4cbNUT8uZR0"   //此处修改为生成的密码

#dhcp功能打开
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#manage_dhcp: false#manage_dhcp: true#" /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml 
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'manage_dhcp:' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml 
manage_dhcp: true


# 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

# 问题2和问题3：
[root@localhost ~]# yum install yum-utils -y

# 问题4和问题5可以忽略
#因为是debian系统才需要解决显示使用的是CentOS8
#debian系统解决办法安装 fence-agents

#问题1：
[root@localhost ~]# yum install syslinux* -y
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32  pxelinux.0

1.4配置DHCP模板文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template  //列出修改过的相关字段
subnet 192.168.220.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {  //网段
     option routers             192.168.220.2;  //网关
     option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;  //dns
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.220.200 192.168.220.210;   //地址池
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

1.5同步Cobbler配置

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync 
task started: 2022-08-12_044121_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Aug 12 04:41:21 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***   //看到这个即为成功同步

1.6 管理distro

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/   //挂载系统镜像
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-8 --arch=x86_64  //导入镜像
task started: 2022-08-12_044655_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Fri Aug 12 04:46:55 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-8-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-8-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-8-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64 for CentOS-8-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***   //看到这个即为成功

# --path 镜像路径
# --name 为安装源定义一个名字
# --arch 指定安装源是 32 位、64 位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
# 安装源的唯一标示就是根据 name 参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-8-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list    //查看
distros:
   CentOS-8-x86_64     //镜像

profiles:
   CentOS-8-x86_64     //配置文件

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name CentOS-8-x86_64   //查看详细信息 查看指定的--name 接镜像名
Name                           : CentOS-8-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-8-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Boot loader                    : grub
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel8
Owners                         : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key          : 
Remote Boot Initrd             : ~
Remote Boot Kernel             : ~
Template Files                 : {}

1.7创建kickstarts自动安装脚本

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name CentOS-8-x86_64  //复制此文件内容
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --enabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.220.5/cblr/links/CentOS-8-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.220.5/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.220.5/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/BaseOS

# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on  

# Reboot after installation
reboot

#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$20982$uHkwNZPwK6e4cbNUT8uZR0
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone  America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart

%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1

# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
    sleep 10
    if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
        cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
        logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
        break
    fi
done &



# Enable installation monitoring

%end

%packages
%end

%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1

%end

%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1

# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.220.5/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/CentOS-8-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo

# End yum configuration



# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code

# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)

# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.220.5" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.220.5" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup

$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration

# Enable post-install boot notification

# Start final steps

curl "http://192.168.220.5/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/CentOS-8-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end

编写cento8.ks文件

#将上面文件的内容复制到centos8.ks文件内并修改其内容

[root@localhost templates]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/templates/
[root@localhost templates]# vim centos8.ks 

[root@localhost templates]# cat centos8.ks 
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
text
firewall --disabled    //防火墙关闭
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.220.5/cblr/links/CentOS-8-x86_64

repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.220.5/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.220.5/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/BaseOS

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on  

reboot

rootpw --iscrypted $1$20982$uHkwNZPwK6e4cbNUT8uZR0
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone  America/New_York
install
zerombr
autopart

%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1

# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
    sleep 10
    if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
        cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
        logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
        break
    fi
done &



# Enable installation monitoring

%end

%packages
@^minimal-environment    //设置为最小化安装
%end

%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1

%end

%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1

# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.220.5/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/CentOS-8-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo

# End yum configuration



# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code

# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)

# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.220.5" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.220.5" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup

$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration

# Enable post-install boot notification

# Start final steps

curl "http://192.168.220.5/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/CentOS-8-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validate-autoinstalls   //验证ks文件语法是否有误
task started: 2022-08-12_053321_validate_autoinstall_files
task started (id=Automated installation files validation, time=Fri Aug 12 05:33:21 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


# 修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-8-x86_64 --autoinstall centos8.ks

# 修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-8-x86_64 --kernel-options='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'



[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report --name CentOS-8-x86_64
Name                           : CentOS-8-x86_64   //将默认文件修改为centos8.ks
Automatic Installation Template : centos8.ks
Automatic Installation Metadata : {}
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-8-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : False
Enable PXE Menu?               : True
Fetchable Files                : {}
DHCP Filename Override         : <<inherit>>
Kernel Options                 : {'net.ifnames': '0', 'biosdevname': '0'}   //回归网卡传统命名
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Next Server Override           : <<inherit>>
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Proxy                          : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : True
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm


#修改完成后同步
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync 
task started: 2022-08-12_054316_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Aug 12 05:43:16 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-8-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-8-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS-8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-8-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-8-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-8-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


# 重启所有相关服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd

2.安装系统

2.1手动安装

注：内存必须为2G以上
新建一个不带镜像的虚拟机 然后启动

#此时使用新虚拟机去安装系统并不会成功 需要做如下操作
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py  mkgrub.sh
migrate-settings.sh       settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@localhost ~]# bash /usr/share/cobbler/bin/mkgrub.sh   //执行时会有报错 但不影响

[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/   //此时此目录会新增两个文件
总用量 72
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    79 8月  12 05:53 grub   //新增文件 开机会需要
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    31 8月  12 05:53 ldlinux.c32 -> /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32  //新增文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26272 8月  12 04:33 menu.c32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42376 8月  12 04:32 pxelinux.0

[root@localhost ~]#  cobbler sync   //因为文件做出改变 所以需要同步下

再次启动就会跳转到这个界面选择Centos-8-x86_64回车，然后等待一段时间
注：安装过程需要一段时间

此项需要手动选择

看到这样的 就是正在安装软件包

等待安装结束后就可以看到正常虚拟机的启动过程

用户为root密码为之前生成的密码

2.2自动安装

使用https访问到cobbler的网页

账号密码都为cobbler

创建系统

生成mac地址

创建虚拟机时生成mac地址

其他未选项默认即可

点击sace保存

保存完成后会生成一个系统

同步

同步完成后右上角会显示同步日志点击就可以查看

同步日志

启动新创建的虚拟机（生成mac在网页绑定的那台）

会自动选择不需要要手动操作

等待安装结束后

用户root密码和之前的一样

网卡是指定的eth0

ip也是指定的192.168.220.200

cobbler配置文件详解

cobbler数据目录

cobbler日志文件