一、总纲
1、一切皆资源，操作既请求
2、分析
一个类(无参数)
查所有数据 get 返回所有数据
添加数据 post 返回添加的数据
另一个类(含参数)
查看某一条数据 get 返回这一条数据
修改某一条数据 put 返回修改的这条数据
删除某条数据 delete 返回None
补充：
url后面是方法名，当url匹配成功后，再执行方法
三、Serializer
class BookSerialize(serializers.Serializer):
title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
price = serializers.IntegerField()
pub_date = serializers.DateField()
# 外键
publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
# 多对多
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self, obj):
temp = []
for author in obj.authors.all():
temp.append(author.name)
return temp
四、ModelSerializer
1、简介
用法与ModelForm相似
2、作用
a、models表与序列化直接关联
b、校验、保存、更新数据
3、自定义字段
publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
def create(self, validated_data):
print(validated_data)
# {'publish': {'name': '1'}, 'title': 'swift', 'price': 99, 'pub_date': datetime.date(2018, 9, 10), 'authors': [<Author: tom>, <Author: alex>]}
book = Book.objects.create(title=validated_data['title'], price=validated_data['price'],
pub_date=validated_data['pub_date'], publish_id=validated_data['publish']['name'])
book.authors.add(*validated_data['authors'])
return book
4、Hyperlink
目的：自定义字段产生link，通过该link，访问某个对应的某个数据
path('publish/<publish_id>/', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(), name="publish_detail"),
class BookModelSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = '__all__'
publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
# url的别名
view_name="publish_detail",
# 对应表的字段
lookup_field="publish_id",
# url的参数
lookup_url_kwarg="publish_id"
)
Add `context={'request': request}` when instantiating the serializer
BookModelSerialize(book_list, many=True, context={'request': request})
五、例子
1、配置文件
restframwork相当于app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app01.apps.App01Config',
'rest_framework',
]
2、模型(储存表关系)
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.IntegerField()
pub_date = models.DateField()
publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
3、路由(CBV)
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
path('books/<book_id>/', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
path('publish/', views.PublishView.as_view()),
path('publish/<publish_id>/', views.PublishDetailView.as_view()),
]
4、模型序列化
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01.models import Author, Publish, Book
# 作者表的序列化
class PublishModelSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Publish
fields = "__all__"
class BookModelSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = '__all__'
5、视图
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01.serialize import BookModelSerialize, PublishModelSerialize
from app01.models import Author, Publish, Book
from rest_framework.response import Response
# Create your views here.
class BookView(APIView):
# 查看书籍， 返回所有数据(书籍信息)
def get(self, request):
book_list = Book.objects.all()
book_serialize = BookModelSerialize(book_list, many=True)
# return HttpResponse(author_serialize.data)
return Response(book_serialize.data)
# 添加书籍，并返回改书籍的数据
def post(self, request):
# 反序列化
book = BookModelSerialize(data=request.data)
if book.is_valid():
book.save()
return Response(book.data)
else:
return Response(book.errors)
class BookDetailView(APIView):
# 查看某一部书，返回这本书
def get(self, request, book_id):
book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first()
book_serialize = BookModelSerialize(book_obj)
return Response(book_serialize.data)
# 修改书籍， 返回修改后的数据
def put(self, request, book_id):
book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first()
# 反序列化
book = BookModelSerialize(book_obj, data=request.data)
if book.is_valid():
book.save()
return Response(book.data)
else:
return Response(book.errors)
# 删除书籍 返回None
def delete(self, request, book_id):
Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).delete()
return Response()
class PublishView(APIView):
# 查看出版社， 返回所有数据(出版社信息)
def get(self, request):
publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
publish_serialize = PublishModelSerialize(publish_list, many=True)
# return HttpResponse(author_serialize.data)
return Response(publish_serialize.data)
# 添加出版社，并返回该出版社的数据
def post(self, request):
# 反序列化
publish = PublishModelSerialize(data=request.data)
if publish.is_valid():
publish.save()
return Response(publish.data)
else:
return Response(publish.errors)
class PublishDetailView(APIView):
# 查看某一出版社，返回该出版社
def get(self, request, publish_id):
publish_obj = Publish.objects.filter(pk=publish_id).first()
publish_serialize = PublishModelSerialize(publish_obj)
return Response(publish_serialize.data)
# 修改出版社， 返回修改后的数据
def put(self, request, publish_id):
publish_obj = Publish.objects.filter(pk=publish_id).first()
# 反序列化
publish = PublishModelSerialize(publish_obj, data=request.data)
if publish.is_valid():
publish.save()
return Response(publish.data)
else:
return Response(publish.errors)
# 删除出版社 返回None
def delete(self, request, publish_id):
Publish.objects.filter(pk=publish_id).delete()
return Response()
