达梦数据库物理备份分为脱机备份和联机备份，目前对dmrman和sql工具下两种备份和恢复测试
一: 脱机备份和恢复(使用 dmrman 工具)
1.查看默认备份目录:
select * from v$parameter t where name in ('BAK_PATH', 'BAK_USE_AP');
BAK_PATH：DM 默认的备份路径，生成环境不要和源库数据文件放在同一磁盘上。避免磁 盘损坏，数据文件和备份文件同时损坏的情况。
2.查看dm服务是否关闭
ps -ef|grep dm
3.进行dmrman备份
3.1 备份到默认目录
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$ ./dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> backup database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini';
backup database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini';
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
begin redo pwr log collect, last ckpt lsn: 53584 ...
redo pwr log collect finished
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[53584]
Processing backupset /dm8/data/DMTEST/bak/DB_DMTEST_FULL_20230103_230752_958702
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:00][Remaining:00:00:00]
backup successfully!
time used: 00:00:01.110
RMAN>
3.2 备份到非默认目录
[dmdba@dmtest dm8]$ mkdir backup
[dmdba@dmtest dm8]$ cd bin
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$ ./dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> backup database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' to full01 backupset '/dm8/backup/full01';
backup database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' to full01 backupset '/dm8/backup/full01';
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
begin redo pwr log collect, last ckpt lsn: 53584 ...
redo pwr log collect finished
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[53584]
Processing backupset /dm8/backup/full01
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:00][Remaining:00:00:00]
backup successfully!
time used: 00:00:01.108
RMAN>
恢复测试:
模拟故障恢复
删除system表空间文件后，启动dm服务，报如下错误，然后进行恢复
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$ ./DmServiceDMTESTSVR status
DmServiceDMTESTSVR dead but pid file exists
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$ ./DmServiceDMTESTSVR start
Starting DmServiceDMTESTSVR: [ FAILED ]
version info: security
/dm8/data/DMTEST/SYSTEM.DBF not exist
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$
使用默认备份目录备份集进行恢复
RMAN> restore database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/data/DMTEST/bak/DB_DMTEST_FULL_20230103_230752_958702';
restore database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/data/DMTEST/bak/DB_DMTEST_FULL_20230103_230752_958702';
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:00][Remaining:00:00:00]
restore successfully.
time used: 826.643(ms)
RMAN>
RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' update db_magic;
recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' update db_magic;
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[53584]
recover successfully!
time used: 983.303(ms)
RMAN>
RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm8/arch';
recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm8/arch';
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[53584]
EP:0 total 1 pkgs applied, percent: 100%
recover successfully!
time used: 228.669(ms)
RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' update db_magic;
recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' update db_magic;
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[53584]
recover successfully!
time used: 983.303(ms)
RMAN>
非默认目录下恢复
非默认目录恢复
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$ ./dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> restore database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/backup/full01'
restore database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/backup/full01'
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:00][Remaining:00:00:00]
restore successfully.
time used: 504.060(ms)
RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm8/arch';
recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm8/arch';
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[53584]
EP:0 total 1 pkgs applied, percent: 100%
recover successfully!
time used: 228.530(ms)
RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' update db_magic;
recover database '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' update db_magic;
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[53584]
recover successfully!
time used: 983.588(ms)
RMAN>
二:联机备份和恢复(使用disql工具)
联机备份：数据库是启动状态，联机备份要求数据库打开归档。
1.备份时 AP 服务需要为启动状态。
[dmdba@KylinDCA04 bak]$ ps -ef|grep dmap
dmdba 86474 1 0 4 月 14 ? 00:00:01 /dm8/bin/dmap
2.备份操作
SQL> backup database full to ONLINEBAK_01 backupset '/dm8/backup/ONLINEBAK_01';
backup database full to ONLINEBAK_01 backupset '/dm8/backup/ONLINEBAK_01';
[-715]:Archive log not exist.
used time: 00:00:01.918. Execute id is 0.
SQL> checkpoint(100);
DMSQL executed successfully
used time: 7.067(ms). Execute id is 410.
SQL> backup database full to ONLINEBAK_01 backupset '/dm8/backup/ONLINEBAK_01';
executed successfully
used time: 932.736(ms). Execute id is 411.
SQL>
3.删除系统文件，模拟故障恢复 ---要求执行脚本时,查看脚本模拟的故障内容事项。 删除system.dbf,main.dbf
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$ ./dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' from BACKUPSET '/dm8/backup/ONLINEBAK_01';
RESTORE DATABASE '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' from BACKUPSET '/dm8/backup/ONLINEBAK_01';
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:00][Remaining:00:00:00]
restore successfully.
time used: 504.157(ms)
RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm8/arch';
RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm8/arch';
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[54991]
EP:0 total 1 pkgs applied, percent: 16%
EP:0 total 2 pkgs applied, percent: 33%
EP:0 total 3 pkgs applied, percent: 50%
EP:0 total 4 pkgs applied, percent: 66%
EP:0 total 5 pkgs applied, percent: 83%
EP:0 total 6 pkgs applied, percent: 100%
recover successfully!
time used: 233.892(ms)
RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' update db_magic;
RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DMTEST/dm.ini' update db_magic;
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[55229]
recover successfully!
time used: 982.645(ms)
RMAN>
4.启动dm服务
su - dmdba
cd /dm8/bin
[dmdba@dmtest ~]$ cd /dm8/bin
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$ ls -al Dm*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dmdba dmdba 13827 Jan 2 21:19 DmAPService
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dmdba dmdba 14479 Jan 2 21:19 DmAuditMonitorService
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dmdba dmdba 13655 Jan 2 21:19 DmInstanceMonitorService
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dmdba dmdba 14126 Jan 2 21:19 DmJobMonitorService
-rwx------ 1 dmdba dinstall 16122 Jan 2 22:10 DmServiceDMTESTSVR
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$
5.登录disql验证
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$ pwd
/dm8/bin
[dmdba@dmtest bin]$ ./disql sysdba/Dameng123:5238
Server[LOCALHOST:5238]:mode is normal, state is open
login used time : 3.557(ms)
last login ip : ::1
last login time : 2023-01-04 12:34:24
login failed times : 0
Whether password is expired : Not expired
disql V8
SQL> select * from t_test;
LINEID A
1 1
2 2
以上是达梦数据库2中物理备份和恢复的方式，还有其它工具方式，待测试
