首先明确项目的大体流程:需求分析->设计数据库->业务->前端页面。利用SSM实现图书馆的图书管理,包含增删改查。
1、设计数据库
使用命令行操作mysql,先建立一个简单的数据库ssm,并插入表单library:
其字段等信息创建好后,插入几组数据:
2、开始配置项目环境
首先,创建一个普通的maven项目。
在pom.xml中,配置基本的依赖(导入依赖,包括:junit/数据库驱动/连接池/servlet/jsp/mybatis/mybatis-spring/springmvc/springjdbc/lombok(方便创建实体类)等),并解决静态资源导出问题:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.pht</groupId>
<artifactId>ssmdemo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!--导入依赖,包括:junit/数据库驱动/连接池/servlet/jsp/mybatis/mybatis-spring/spring-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--数据库驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1-b03</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!--静态资源问题-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
配置完依赖后,可以测试数据库连接。
3、建立文件架构
包含:Dao层/Service层/Controller层/实体类
此外,spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml基本结构:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
</beans>
mybatis配置文件mybatis-config,xml基本结构:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
</configuration>
4、开始配置mybatis(没有采用注解的方法)
(1)建立数据库的属性配置文件database.properties:
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
#MySQL8.0+连接时区设置
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
(2)编写dao层接口与实体类:
实体类:
package com.pht.ssm.Pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Library {
private int bookID;
private String bookName;
private int bookNums;
private String bookDetail;
}
编写Dao层接口Daomapper:
package com.pht.ssm.Dao;
import com.pht.ssm.Pojo.Library;
import java.util.List;
public interface Daomapper {
//Dao层的方法有原子性,比较简单底层的方法
//增加一本书
int addBook(Library ly);
//删除一本书
int deleteBook(int bookId);
//通过id查询一本书
Library queryBookById(int bookID);
//通过书名查询一本书
Library queryBookByName(String bookName);
//更新一本书
int updatabook(Library ly);
//查询全部书籍
List<Library> allbook();
}
(3)编写Daomapper.xml
一个mapper对应一个接口!
其实插入时,id为主键自增,不用添加的。在mybatis-config中注册了实体类的别名,故可以直接写成这样parameterType="Library"
内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.pht.ssm.Dao.Daomapper">
<insert id="addBook" parameterType="Library">
<!--id为主键自增,不用添加-->
insert into ssm.library (bookName,bookNums,bookDetail) values (#{bookName},#{bookNums},#{bookDetail});
</insert>
<delete id="deleteBook" parameterType="int">
delete from ssm.library where bookId=#{bookId}
</delete>
<update id="updatabook" parameterType="Library">
update ssm.library set bookName=#{bookName},bookNums=#{bookNums},bookDetail=#{bookDetail} where bookId=#{bookId};
</update>
<select id="queryBookById" resultType="Library">
select * from ssm.library where bookId=#{bookId}
</select>
<select id="queryBookByName" resultType="Library">
select * from ssm.library where bookName=#{bookName}
</select>
<select id="allbook" resultType="Library">
select * from ssm.library
</select>
</mapper>
(4)、记得要在mybatis-config中注册mapper
typeAliases:别名
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.pht.ssm.Pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.pht.ssm.Dao.Daomapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
(5)编写service层的接口和实现
接口:
package com.pht.ssm.Service;
import com.pht.ssm.Pojo.Library;
import java.util.List;
//业务层接口,实现的业务逻辑,这里与Dao层的方法差不多,直接拿过来用了
public interface LibraryServer {
int addBook(Library ly);
int deleteBook(int bookId);
Library queryBookById(int bookID);
Library queryBookByName(String bookName);
int updatabook(Library ly);
List<Library> allbook();
}
实现类:
package com.pht.ssm.Service;
import com.pht.ssm.Dao.Daomapper;
import com.pht.ssm.Pojo.Library;
import java.util.List;
public class LibrarySerImp implements LibraryServer{
//业务层实现持久层
private Daomapper dmr;
public void setDmr(Daomapper dmr) {
this.dmr = dmr;
}
public int addBook(Library ly) {
return dmr.addBook(ly);
}
public int deleteBook(int bookId) {
return dmr.deleteBook(bookId);
}
public Library queryBookById(int bookID) {
return dmr.queryBookById(bookID);
}
public Library queryBookByName(String bookName) {
return dmr.queryBookByName(bookName);
}
public int updatabook(Library ly) {
return dmr.updatabook(ly);
}
public List<Library> allbook() {
return dmr.allbook();
}
}
以上暂时没有使用spring框架,下面将配置spring,并对上面的一些地方进行优化。
5、开始配置spring
(1)spring整合Dao层。首先建立spring-Dao.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--关联数据库配置文件(之前是通过mybatis读取配置文件,现在交给spring了)-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>
<!--连接池,不使用spring的,使用c3p0-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- ${}用于字符的拼接
${}和#{}的区别:${}注入会直接注入,即注入的变量是什么就注入什么
-->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<!--设置数据库连接池的参数-->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="3"/>
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="8000"/>
<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
</bean>
<!--sqlsessionfactory-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--绑定mybatis的配置文件-->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
</bean>
<!--动态实现Dao接口配置到包-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!--注入sqlSessionFactory-->
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
<!--要扫描的Dao包-->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.pht.ssm"/>
</bean>
</beans>
(2)spring整合service层,该层中最重要的是事务的配置。先建立spring-Service.xml用于整合:
idea自动将下面几个文件的上下文整合到一起了:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--首先,扫描service下的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.pht.ssm.Service"/>
<!--将业务类注入到spring-->
<bean id="LibrarySerImp" class="com.pht.ssm.Service.LibrarySerImp">
<property name="dmr" ref="dmr"/>
</bean>
<!--声明式事务-->
<bean id="tranactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!--注入数据源-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
</beans>
6、配置springmvc
先把项目添加web。在web.xml中配置DispatchServlet,乱码过滤,web.xml如下:
contextConfigLocation的路径要写:applicationContext.xml
而不是:spring-mvc.xml
因为applicationContext.xml配置了三个xml文件的上下文,applicationContext.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<import resource="spring-Dao.xml"/>
<import resource="spring-Service.xml"/>
<import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/>
</beans>
spring-mvc.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置DispatchServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--乱码过滤-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--session配置-->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>10</session-timeout>
</session-config>
</web-app>
(2)创建spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--使用注解,添加注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--静态资源过滤-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--扫描包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.pht.ssm.Controller"/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
</bean>
</beans>
并在WEB-INF下建立jsp文件夹。还要记得在项目structure中增加lib,并导入jar包。接下来亏可以写项目了,即将Controller层和jsp交互起来。
到这里,ssm框架大体就完成了。