Android SurfaceView使用详解
1. SurfaceView的定义
前面已经介绍过View了，下面来简单介绍一下SurfaceView，参考SDK文档和网络资料：SurfaceView是View的子类，它内嵌了一个专门用于绘制的Surface，你可以控制这个Surface的格式和尺寸，Surfaceview控制这个Surface的绘制位置。surface是纵深排序(Z-ordered)的，说明它总在自己所在窗口的后面。SurfaceView提供了一个可见区域，只有在这个可见区域内的surface内容才可见。surface的排版显示受到视图层级关系的影响，它的兄弟视图结点会在顶端显示。这意味者 surface的内容会被它的兄弟视图遮挡，这一特性可以用来放置遮盖物(overlays)(例如，文本和按钮等控件)。注意，如果surface上面有透明控件，那么每次surface变化都会引起框架重新计算它和顶层控件的透明效果，这会影响性能。
SurfaceView默认使用双缓冲技术的，它支持在子线程中绘制图像，这样就不会阻塞主线程了，所以它更适合于游戏的开发。
2. SurfaceView的使用
首先继承SurfaceView，并实现SurfaceHolder.Callback接口，实现它的三个方法：surfaceCreated，surfaceChanged，surfaceDestroyed。
surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder)：surface创建的时候调用，一般在该方法中启动绘图的线程。
surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,int height)：surface尺寸发生改变的时候调用，如横竖屏切换。
surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) ：surface被销毁的时候调用，如退出游戏画面，一般在该方法中停止绘图线程。
还需要获得SurfaceHolder，并添加回调函数，这样这三个方法才会执行。
3. SurfaceView实战
下面通过一个小demo来学习SurfaceView在实际项目中的使用，绘制一个精灵，该精灵有四个方向的行走动画，让精灵沿着屏幕四周不停的行走。游戏中精灵素材和最终实现的效果图:
首先创建核心类GameSurfaceView.java，源码如下：
View Code
package com.ryuan.game.androidspiritgame;
import java.io.InputStream;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
/**
* GameSurfaceView绘制界面
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class GameSurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback { // 屏幕宽高
public static int SCREEN_WIDTH = 720;
public static int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 1080;
private Context mContext;
private SurfaceHolder mHolder;
// 最大帧数 (1000 / 50)帧/秒
private static final int DRAW_INTERVAL = 50;
private DrawThread mDrawThread;
private FrameAnimation[] spriteAnimations;
private Sprite mSprite;
private int spriteWidth = 0;
private int spriteHeight = 0;
private float spriteSpeed = (float) ((500 * SCREEN_WIDTH / 480) * 0.001);
private int row = 4;
private int col = 4;
public GameSurfaceView(Context context) {
super(context);
this.mContext = context;
mHolder = this.getHolder();
mHolder.addCallback(this);
initResources();
mSprite = new Sprite(spriteAnimations, 0, 0, spriteWidth, spriteHeight, spriteSpeed);
}
/**
* 初始化资源，将png分解
*/
private void initResources() {
Bitmap[][] spriteImgs = generateBitmapArray(mContext, R.drawable.sprite, row, col);
spriteAnimations = new FrameAnimation[row];
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
Bitmap[] spriteImg = spriteImgs[i];
FrameAnimation spriteAnimation = new FrameAnimation(
spriteImg, new int[] { 150, 150, 150, 150 }, true);
spriteAnimations[i] = spriteAnimation;
}
}
/**
* 根据编号返回资源图片
* @param context
* @param resourseId
* @return
*/
public Bitmap decodeBitmapFromRes(Context context, int resourseId) {
BitmapFactory.Options opt = new BitmapFactory.Options();
opt.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.RGB_565;
opt.inPurgeable = true;
opt.inInputShareable = true;
InputStream is = context.getResources().openRawResource(resourseId);
return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, opt);
}
/**
* 返回图片
* @param context
* @param source
* @param row
* @param col
* @param rowTotal
* @param colTotal
* @return
*/
public Bitmap createBitmap(Context context, Bitmap source, int row,
int col, int rowTotal, int colTotal) {
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(source,
(col - 1) * source.getWidth() / colTotal,
(row - 1) * source.getHeight() / rowTotal, source.getWidth()
/ colTotal, source.getHeight() / rowTotal);
return bitmap;
}
/**
* 返回图片数组
* @param context
* @param resourseId
* @param row
* @param col
* @return
*/
public Bitmap[][] generateBitmapArray(Context context, int resourseId,
int row, int col) {
Bitmap bitmaps[][] = new Bitmap[row][col];
Bitmap source = decodeBitmapFromRes(context, resourseId);
this.spriteWidth = source.getWidth() / col;
this.spriteHeight = source.getHeight() / row;
for (int i = 1; i <= row; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= col; j++) {
bitmaps[i - 1][j - 1] = createBitmap(context, source, i, j, row, col);
}
}
if (source != null && !source.isRecycled()) {
source.recycle();
source = null;
}
return bitmaps;
}
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
int height) {
}
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
if (null == mDrawThread) {
mDrawThread = new DrawThread();
mDrawThread.start();
}
}
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
if (null != mDrawThread) {
mDrawThread.stopThread();
}
}
/**
* 绘制界面子线程
* @author Administrator
*
*/
private class DrawThread extends Thread {
public boolean isRunning = false;
public DrawThread() {
isRunning = true;
}
public void stopThread() {
isRunning = false;
boolean workIsNotFinish = true;
while (workIsNotFinish) {
try {
this.join();// 保证run方法执行完毕
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
workIsNotFinish = false;
}
}
public void run() {
long deltaTime = 0;
long tickTime = 0;
tickTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
while (isRunning) {
Canvas canvas = null;
try {
synchronized (mHolder) {
canvas = mHolder.lockCanvas();
// 设置方向
mSprite.setDirection();
// 更新精灵位置
mSprite.updatePosition(deltaTime);
drawSprite(canvas);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != mHolder) {
mHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
}
}
deltaTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - tickTime;
if (deltaTime < DRAW_INTERVAL) {
try {
Thread.sleep(DRAW_INTERVAL - deltaTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
tickTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}
}
/**
* 绘制
* @param canvas
*/
private void drawSprite(Canvas canvas) {
// 清屏操作
canvas.drawColor(Color.BLACK);
mSprite.draw(canvas);
}
}
GameSurfaceView.java中包含了一个绘图线程DrawThread，在线程的run方法中锁定Canvas、绘制精灵、更新精灵位置、释放Canvas等操作。因为精灵素材是一张大图，所以这里进行了裁剪生成一个二维数组。使用这个二维数组初始化了精灵四个方向的动画，下面看Sprite.java的源码。
View Code
package com.ryuan.game.androidspiritgame;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
public class Sprite {
public static final int DOWN = 0;
public static final int LEFT = 1;
public static final int RIGHT = 2;
public static final int UP = 3;
public float x;
public float y;
public int width;
public int height;
//精灵行走速度
public double speed;
//精灵当前行走方向
public int direction;
//精灵四个方向的动画
public FrameAnimation[] frameAnimations;
public Sprite(FrameAnimation[] frameAnimations, int positionX,
int positionY, int width, int height, float speed) {
this.frameAnimations = frameAnimations;
this.x = positionX;
this.y = positionY;
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.speed = speed;
}
public void updatePosition(long deltaTime) {
switch (direction) {
case LEFT:
//让物体的移动速度不受机器性能的影响,每帧精灵需要移动的距离为：移动速度*时间间隔
this.x = this.x - (float) (this.speed * deltaTime);
break;
case DOWN:
this.y = this.y + (float) (this.speed * deltaTime);
break;
case RIGHT:
this.x = this.x + (float) (this.speed * deltaTime);
break;
case UP:
this.y = this.y - (float) (this.speed * deltaTime);
break;
}
}
/**
* 根据精灵的当前位置判断是否改变行走方向
*/
public void setDirection() {
//向下的条件
if (this.x <= 0 && (this.y + this.height) < GameSurfaceView.SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
if (this.x < 0)
this.x = 0;
this.direction = Sprite.DOWN;
} else if ((this.y + this.height) >= GameSurfaceView.SCREEN_HEIGHT
&& (this.x + this.width) < GameSurfaceView.SCREEN_WIDTH) {
if ((this.y + this.height) > GameSurfaceView.SCREEN_HEIGHT)
this.y = GameSurfaceView.SCREEN_HEIGHT - this.height;
this.direction = Sprite.RIGHT;
} else if ((this.x + this.width) >= GameSurfaceView.SCREEN_WIDTH
&& this.y > 0) {
if ((this.x + this.width) > GameSurfaceView.SCREEN_WIDTH)
this.x = GameSurfaceView.SCREEN_WIDTH - this.width;
this.direction = Sprite.UP;
} else {
if (this.y < 0)
this.y = 0;
this.direction = Sprite.LEFT;
}
}
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
FrameAnimation frameAnimation = frameAnimations[this.direction];
Bitmap bitmap = frameAnimation.nextFrame();
if (null != bitmap) {
canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, x, y, null);
}
}
}
精灵类主要是根据当前位置判断行走的方向，然后根据行走的方向更新精灵的位置，再绘制自身的动画。由于精灵的动画是一帧一帧的播放图片，所以这里封装了FrameAnimation.java，源码如下：
View Code
package com.ryuan.game.androidspiritgame;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
public class FrameAnimation {
/**动画显示的需要的资源 */
private Bitmap[] bitmaps;
/**动画每帧显示的时间 */
private int[] duration;
/**动画上一帧显示的时间 */
protected Long lastBitmapTime;
/**动画显示的索引值，防止数组越界 */
protected int step;
/**动画是否重复播放 */
protected boolean repeat;
/**动画重复播放的次数*/
protected int repeatCount;
/**
* @param bitmap:显示的图片<br/>
* @param duration:图片显示的时间<br/>
* @param repeat:是否重复动画过程<br/>
*/
public FrameAnimation(Bitmap[] bitmaps, int duration[], boolean repeat) {
this.bitmaps = bitmaps;
this.duration = duration;
this.repeat = repeat;
lastBitmapTime = null;
step = 0;
}
public Bitmap nextFrame() {
// 判断step是否越界
if (step >= bitmaps.length) {
//如果不无限循环
if( !repeat ) {
return null;
} else {
lastBitmapTime = null;
}
}
if (null == lastBitmapTime) {
// 第一次执行
lastBitmapTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
return bitmaps[step = 0];
}
// 第X次执行
long nowTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (nowTime - lastBitmapTime <= duration[step]) {
// 如果还在duration的时间段内,则继续返回当前Bitmap
// 如果duration的值小于0,则表明永远不失效,一般用于背景
return bitmaps[step];
}
lastBitmapTime = nowTime;
return bitmaps[step++];// 返回下一Bitmap
}
}
FrameAnimation根据每一帧的显示时间返回当前的图片帧，若没有超过指定的时间则继续返回当前帧，否则返回下一帧。
接下来需要做的是让Activty显示的View为我们之前创建的GameView，然后设置全屏显示。
View Code
package com.ryuan.game.androidspiritgame;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
GameSurfaceView surfaceView = new GameSurfaceView(this);
setContentView(surfaceView);
}
}
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