1 安装anaconda
下载,清华源下载linux版的
Anaconda3-2020.07-Linux-x86_64.sh
进入下载目录,运行下面的命令,因为要安装到/usr/local下,所以需要使用sudo,不然无法在/usr/local下创建目录
sudo bash Anaconda3-2020.07-Linux-x86_64.sh
然后就是许可协议,一路enter下去
许可协议读完后提示
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
输入yes
然后会有提示
Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/yu
Press ENTER to confirm the location
Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
Or specify a different location below
如果要安装在anaconda默认的路径下,按回车就可以了
如果要自定义路径,就输入自定义的路径 /usr/local/anaconda3
然后会有提示
Preparing transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]
[no] >>>
输入yes
然后还会有提示
conda init
If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup,
set the auto_activate_base parameter to false:
conda config --set auto_activate_base false
Thank you for installing Anaconda3!
===========================================================================
Anaconda and JetBrains are working together to bring you Anaconda-powered
environments tightly integrated in the PyCharm IDE.
PyCharm for Anaconda is available at:
https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm
到这里就安装完了,
关闭终端,重新打开终端
(base) yu@yulinux:~$
前面会有base,这是anaconda的虚拟环境
激活虚拟环境 conda activate
关闭虚拟环境 conda deactivate
通过将auto_activate_base参数设置为false实现:
conda config --set auto_activate_base false 默认关闭虚拟环境
conda config --set auto_activate_base true 默认开启虚拟环境
这样默认就不激活虚拟环境了,需要的时候使用命令(conda activate)手动激活
添加环境变量
1、在终端输入$sudo gedit /etc/profile,打开profile文件。
2、在文件末尾添加一行:export PATH=/usr/local/anaconda3/bin:$PATH,其中,“/usr/local/anaconda3/bin”是实际的安装路径,保存
3 source /etc/profile 保存执行
...
...
if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
if [ -r $i ]; then
. $i
fi
done
unset i
fi
export PATH=/usr/local/anaconda3/bin:$PATH
重启机器输入python
yu@yulinux:~$ python
Python 3.8.3 (default, Jul 2 2020, 16:21:59)
[GCC 7.3.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
卸载
卸载分两步
一是删除安装目录 sudo rm -rf 安装目录
二是删除环境变量 gedit ~/.bashrc 把anaconda相关的信息删除, sudo gedit etc/profile 把它的环境变量信息删除
说明:
bashrc 的rc是run command
这是用户的配置环境变量的文件
/etc/profile 是系统的环境变量配置文件
Anaconda提供了包管理和虚拟环境管理,
包管理
这个好理解,安装和卸载包
虚拟环境管理
为什么需要虚拟环境?
默认情况下第三方包要放在同一目录下,在一台电脑上, 开发多个的项目, 用到不同的python版本或者某个包的不同版本, 在同一个目录下安装或者更新, 新版本会覆盖以前的版本,以前的项目不能正常运行。
而用虚拟环境搭建独立的python运行环境, 使得单个项目的运行环境与其它项目之间没影响.
anaconda可以设置多个虚拟环境,比如(举例说明,版本号可能不存在)
虚拟环境A需要的python版本是2.7,numpy版本是5.4,scipy版本是3.3,项目1要在这个环境下运行
虚拟环境B需要的是python3.3,numpy版本5.4,request版本是2.1,项目2要在这个环境下运行
环境3需要python3.8,numpy5.6,项目3要在这种环境下运行
创建虚拟环境
conda create -n 虚拟环境名 python=版本
结果
yu@yulinux:~$ conda create -n en1 python=2.7 scipy
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/yu/anaconda3/envs/en1
added / updated specs:
- python=2.7
- scipy
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
blas-1.0 | mkl 6 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
certifi-2016.2.28 | py27_0 211 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
libgfortran-3.0.0 | 1 281 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
mkl-2017.0.3 | 0 129.5 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
numpy-1.13.1 | py27_0 6.8 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
pip-9.0.1 | py27_1 1.6 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
python-2.7.13 | 0 11.5 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
scipy-0.19.1 | np113py27_0 35.2 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
setuptools-36.4.0 | py27_1 557 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
wheel-0.29.0 | py27_0 81 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 185.8 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
blas anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::blas-1.0-mkl
certifi anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::certifi-2016.2.28-py27_0
libgfortran anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::libgfortran-3.0.0-1
mkl anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::mkl-2017.0.3-0
numpy anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::numpy-1.13.1-py27_0
openssl anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::openssl-1.0.2l-0
pip anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::pip-9.0.1-py27_1
python anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::python-2.7.13-0
readline anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::readline-6.2-2
scipy anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::scipy-0.19.1-np113py27_0
setuptools anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::setuptools-36.4.0-py27_1
sqlite anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::sqlite-3.13.0-0
tk anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::tk-8.5.18-0
wheel anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::wheel-0.29.0-py27_0
zlib anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64::zlib-1.2.11-0
Proceed ([y]/n)?
Downloading and Extracting Packages
blas-1.0 | 6 KB | ##################################### | 100%
mkl-2017.0.3 | 129.5 MB | ##################################### | 100%
setuptools-36.4.0 | 557 KB | ##################################### | 100%
certifi-2016.2.28 | 211 KB | ##################################### | 100%
libgfortran-3.0.0 | 281 KB | ##################################### | 100%
wheel-0.29.0 | 81 KB | ##################################### | 100%
python-2.7.13 | 11.5 MB | ##################################### | 100%
scipy-0.19.1 | 35.2 MB | ##################################### | 100%
numpy-1.13.1 | 6.8 MB | ##################################### | 100%
pip-9.0.1 | 1.6 MB | ##################################### | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: \ WARNING conda.core.path_actions:verify(962): Unable to create environments file. Path not writable.
environment location: /home/yu/.conda/environments.txt
done
Executing transaction: | WARNING conda.core.envs_manager:register_env(50): Unable to register environment. Path not writable or missing.
environment location: /home/yu/anaconda3/envs/en1
registry file: /home/yu/.conda/environments.txt
done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
# $ conda activate en1
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
# $ conda deactivate
激活虚拟环境
conda activate 虚拟环境名
结果
yu@yulinux:~$ conda activate en1
(en1) yu@yulinux:~$
安装该环境需要的包
设置虚拟环境后,指定该环境需要的包,如果这个包已经存在于anaconda自带的包中,或者其他环境中,就不需要下载了,直接拉取过来,这样就方便很多了,anaconda只会把不存在于所有虚拟环境和自己包目录下的包下载下来。
conda install -n 环境名 包名
conda install -n en1 request
退出虚拟环境
conda deactivate
(en1) yu@yulinux:~$ conda deactivate
yu@yulinux:~$
查看所有的虚拟环境
conda info --envs
yu@yulinux:~$ conda info --envs
# conda environments:
#
base * /home/yu/anaconda3
en1 /home/yu/anaconda3/envs/en1
注: 虚拟环境对应的目录是在安装目录的envs目录下
删除虚拟环境中某个包
conda remove --name 虚拟环境名 包名 (会把该包及其依赖包删除掉)
yu@yulinux:~$ conda remove --name en1 scipy
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/yu/anaconda3/envs/en1
removed specs:
- scipy
The following packages will be REMOVED:
blas-1.0-mkl
libgfortran-3.0.0-1
mkl-2017.0.3-0
numpy-1.13.1-py27_0
scipy-0.19.1-np113py27_0
Proceed ([y]/n)?
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: | WARNING conda.core.path_actions:verify(962): Unable to create environments file. Path not writable.
environment location: /home/yu/.conda/environments.txt
done
Executing transaction: - WARNING conda.core.envs_manager:register_env(50): Unable to register environment. Path not writable or missing.
environment location: /home/yu/anaconda3/envs/en1
registry file: /home/yu/.conda/environments.txt
done
删除虚拟环境
conda remove -n 虚拟环境名 --all (把该环境及其下所有的东西删除)
yu@yulinux:~$ conda remove -n en1 --all
Remove all packages in environment /home/yu/anaconda3/envs/en1:
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/yu/anaconda3/envs/en1
The following packages will be REMOVED:
certifi-2016.2.28-py27_0
openssl-1.0.2l-0
pip-9.0.1-py27_1
python-2.7.13-0
readline-6.2-2
setuptools-36.4.0-py27_1
sqlite-3.13.0-0
tk-8.5.18-0
wheel-0.29.0-py27_0
zlib-1.2.11-0
Proceed ([y]/n)?
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: / WARNING conda.core.path_actions:verify(962): Unable to create environments file. Path not writable.
environment location: /home/yu/.conda/environments.txt
done
Executing transaction: \ WARNING conda.core.envs_manager:register_env(50): Unable to register environment. Path not writable or missing.
environment location: /home/yu/anaconda3/envs/en1
registry file: /home/yu/.conda/environments.txt
done
2 java
oracle官网下载压缩包
解压到 usr/local/java 其中java文件夹需要自己创建
设置环境变量 配置到/etc/profile中
sudo gedit /etc/profile
在这个文件中添加
#set Java environment
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_271
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
需要注意的是 JAVA_HOME对应的目录应该是jdk解压后的目录
刷新
source /etc/profile
测试
java -version
yu@yulinux:~$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_271"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_271-b09)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.271-b09, mixed mode)
pycharm (linux下安装pycharm不需要先安装java环境)
下载社区版,官网下载即可
pycharm-community-2020.2.3.tar.gz
进入目录解压缩
tar zxf pychrm-community-2020.2.3.tar.gz ##解压
进入到解压后的目录下的bin文件夹下(解压的目录随意)
运行.sh文件即可
cd /usr/local/pycharm/pycharm-community/bin # 这里把pycharm-community-2020.2.3文件夹重命名了,。。。
pycharm.sh
安装完成后默认不带桌面图标,需要手动生成
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Pycharm.desktop
编辑文件,添加内容
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Pycharm
GenericName=Pycharm3
Comment=Pycharm3:The Python IDE
Exec=sh /usr/local/pycharm/pycharm-community/bin/pycharm.sh
Icon=/usr/local/pycharm/pycharm-community/bin/pycharm.png
Terminal=pycharm
Categories=Pycharm;
然后去搜索里找Pycharm,固定到任务栏即可。
安装专业版的步骤是一样的,激活的时候先进入应用代码界面,再把jar包拖进窗口,会自动安装插件,然后重启应用就可以了。