一、简介
hadoop是Apache基金会的一个顶级项目,最早期版本是十多年前发布的,随着飞速的迭代更新,2018年已经更新到了3.1.1版本。网络上大多数都是旧版本的配置,本文却是最新版本的hadoop的配置方法。本文以hadoop 3.1.1为例,讲述如何从零开始搭建好hadoop集群。
二、准备工作
集群资源配置总览
NameNode | JournalNode | DataNode | ResourceManager | zookeeper | |
node1 | √ | √ | √ | ||
node2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
node3 | √ | √ | |||
node4 | √ | √ |
1.安装平台
安装平台,是指hadoop软件需要搭建在linux系统中。国内有两大知名linux平台,分别是Ubuntu和Centos。
给出官网的下载地址:
Ubuntu : https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
Centos : https://www.centos.org/download/
2.软件包
(1) JDK: hadoop是基于java进行开发的,所有hadoop运行需要JVM的支持,作者使用的是jdk1.8的版本,下载地址:
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html 如图:
(2) Hadoop: 给出官网镜像下载地址:http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.1.1/
如图:
(3) zookeeper
下载地址:http://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.6/
(4)常用软件
Windows端:推荐使用VMware虚拟机,xshell:linux连接管理工具,xftp:上传文件到linux 工具
MacOs端:推荐使用VMware虚拟机,zoc7:linux连接管理工具,FileZila:上传文件到linux 工具
二、让我们开始吧
1.配置静态ip
修改网络配置文件,以centos7为例。
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
设置如下:
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="static" #将原来的值“dhcp”改为“static”
HWADDR="00:0C:29:F2:4E:96"
IPV6INIT="yes"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
UUID="b68b1ef8-13a0-4d11-a738-1ae704e6a0a4"
IPADDR=192.168.1.16 #你需要定义的IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 #默认网关,
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
保存退出
重启网络服务
service network restart
检查一下状态
ifconfig -a
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ens33 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:F2:4E:96
inet addr:192.168.1.16 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:4e96/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:17017 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9586 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:7803412 (7.4 MiB) TX bytes:1613751 (1.5 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:21844 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:21844 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2042507 (1.9 MiB) TX bytes:2042507 (1.9 MiB)
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
到了这里,请ping一下外网
ping baidu.com
我遇到两个情况:
1)ping通了,oh yeah!
2)报错:ping:unknow host baidu.com
好吧,我的解决方法是:
dhclient
敲了这个命令后,再ping一次
---------------------------------
PING baidu.com (180.149.132.47) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=38.3 ms
64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=38.7 ms
64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=49.7 ms
64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=38.1 ms
64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=5 ttl=54 time=37.9 ms
64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=6 ttl=54 time=38.3 ms
---------------------------------
反正我是这样解决的
还有人是这样:配置静态IP之后reboot
还有一个情况就是,ping 外网IP可以,但是无法ping域名。我的解决办法是:设置DNS
vi /ect/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114 //这个值我是在本地连接的状态信息里找到的
保存之后退出,再ping!
2.配置免密钥
(1)原理
(2)配置方法键入ssh-keygen -t rsa
,如图
进入ssh主目录,键入cd ~/.ssh
其中id_rsa是秘钥,id_rsa.pub是公钥文件
将密钥追加到文件authorized_keys中:cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
这就实现了对本机的免密钥
要操作其他节点,首先需要将 id_rsa.pub分发给其他节点
scp id_rsa.pub 用户名@主机名或ip地址:"目录"
然后根据上面的追加方法重复执行。
3.安装jdk 1.8以及配置环境变量
(1)解压jdk安装包
tar xzvf jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz
(2)配置环境变量
以centos7为例:vi /etc/profile
在末尾追加:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_181(根据实际路径改动)
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
4.安装zookeeper集群管理工具
(1)解压
tar zxvf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz
(2)配置
我上一篇博客有详细讲解,这里不多赘述,传送门:
zoo.cfg配置文件如下:
# The number of milliseconds of each tick
tickTime=2000
# The number of ticks that the initial
# synchronization phase can take
initLimit=10
# The number of ticks that can pass between
# sending a request and getting an acknowledgement
syncLimit=5
# the directory where the snapshot is stored.
# do not use /tmp for storage, /tmp here is just
# example sakes.
dataDir=/opt/zookeepertmp
dataLogDir=/opt/zookeepertmp/log
# the port at which the clients will connect
clientPort=2181
# the maximum number of client connections.
# increase this if you need to handle more clients
#maxClientCnxns=60
#
# Be sure to read the maintenance section of the
# administrator guide before turning on autopurge.
#
# http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance
#
# The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir
#autopurge.snapRetainCount=3
# Purge task interval in hours
# Set to "0" to disable auto purge feature
#autopurge.purgeInterval=1
server.1=node2:2888:3888
server.2=node3:2888:3888
server.3=node4:2888:3888
记得创建dataDir=/opt/zookeepertmp和dataLogDir=/opt/zookeepertmp/log文件夹
(3)配置环境变量并启动
环境变量:
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/opt/zookeeper-3.4.6
export PATH=$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin:$PATH
启动命令: zkServer.sh start
5.安装hadoop 3.1.1完全分布式以及配置高可用
(1)解压
用软件将"hadoop-3.1.1.tar.gz"文件上传到linux中,解压到当前命令如下:
tar zxvf hadoop-3.1.1.tar.gz
(2)配置
在这里,我就不阐述原理了,具体原理以后会发新贴,直接给出配置文件内容。
首先配置环境变量:
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop-3.1.1(视实际情况而定)
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/lib
配置文件在下面的目录:
cd hadoop-3.1.1/etc/hadoop/
需要改动的主要就是hdfs-site.xml core-site.xml yarn-site.xml mapred-env.sh hadoop-env.sh yarn-env.sh
hdfs.site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
<value>node2:9869</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.nameservices</name>
<value>mycluster</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.mycluster</name>
<value>nn1,nn2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn1</name>
<value>node1:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn2</name>
<value>node2:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn1</name>
<value>node1:9870</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn2</name>
<value>node2:9870</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
<value>qjournal://node1:8485;node2:8485/mycluster</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.mycluster</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
<value>sshfence</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
<value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadooptmp/ha/journalnode</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</configuration>
core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://mycluster</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadooptmp/ha</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.http.staticuser.user</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadooptmp/ha</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>node2:2181,node3:2181,node4:2181</value>
</property>
</configuration>
mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.application.classpath</name>
<value>$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*</value>
</property>
</configuration>
yarn-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
<value>node1(你的节点别名)</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.env-whitelist</name>
<value>JAVA_HOME,HADOOP_COMMON_HOME,HADOOP_HDFS_HOME,HADOOP_CONF_DIR,CLASSPATH_PREPEND_DISTCACHE,HADOOP_YARN_HOME,HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
<value>node1:8088</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
</configuration>
hadoop3.1需要在启动文件声明用户名等信息,如下所示:
在 hadoop-env.sh 文件下面添加如下内容:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_181
export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=root
export HDFS_ZKFC_USER=root
export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_USER=root
在 yarn-env.sh 文件下面添加如下内容:
export YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=root
export HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER=yarn
export YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=root
不要忘记修改hadoop根目录/etc/hadoop/workers文件,否则集群不能启动。
填写的是DataNode的主机名!
node2
node3
node4
(3)高可用集群启动顺序:
- 启动zookeeper
zkServer.sh start(在node2,3,4节点运行)
- 启动journalnode
手动启动所有journalNode节点的journalNode功能(Node1, Node2)
#Hadoop 2.X启动方式
hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
#Hadoop 3.X启动方式
hdfs --daemon start journalnode
- 在其中一台NameNode格式化zkfc
hdfs zkfc -formatZK
- 格式化主节点namenode格式化主节点namenode,并启动
hdfs namenode -format //格式化
hdfs --daemon start namenode //打开NameNode节点
- 副节点同步主节点格式化
hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby
- 启动集群
start-all.sh
(4)完成效果
node1的web端页面(Overview)
node1的web端页面(Datanode Information)
node2的web端页面(Overview)
node1的Resourse Manager页面
当你做到这边,你就大功告成了,祝贺你,请持续关注我,你会有新的收获!