###########timedatectl###########
[root@lvchao ~]# date
Sat Nov 12 09:01:47 CST 2016
[root@lvchao ~]# timedatectl ###显示系统当前的时间和日期
Local time: Sat 2016-11-12 09:01:54 CST
Universal time: Sat 2016-11-12 01:01:54 UTC
RTC time: Sat 2016-11-12 01:01:54
Timezone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
NTP enabled: yes
NTP synchronized: no
RTC in local TZ: no
DST active: n/a
[root@lvchao ~]# timedatectl list-timezones ###显示全部时区
Africa/Abidjan
Africa/Accra
Africa/Addis_Ababa
Africa/Algiers
[root@lvchao ~]# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai ###更改系统时区
[root@lvchao ~]# timedatectl set-time "2016-11-11 09:12:12" ###更改系统时间
[root@lvchao ~]# date
Fri Nov 11 09:12:15 CST 2016
[root@lvchao ~]# timedatectl set-local-rtc 0 ###同步UTC时间
[root@lvchao ~]# vim /etc/adjtime
[root@lvchao ~]# timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 ###使用本地时间
[root@lvchao ~]# vim /etc/adjtime
#########hostnamectl#############
[root@desktop28 ~]# hostnamectl ###查看系统hostname信息
Static hostname: n/a
Transient hostname: desktop28.example.com
Icon name: computer
Chassis: n/a
Machine ID: 946cb0e817ea4adb916183df8c4fc817
Boot ID: a91121438e4440a4813e49507dd419dc
Virtualization: kvm
Operating System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.0 (Maipo)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:GA:server
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86_64
[root@desktop28 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname westos.example.com ##更改hostname
[root@desktop28 ~]# hostname ###显示hostname
westos.example.com
[root@desktop28 ~]# vim /etc/hostname
#######linux中设备的访问#######
###1.设备访问###
1.设备识别
/dev/xdxn ###硬盘设备/dev/sdb1
/dev/cdrom ###光驱
/dev/mapper/* ###虚拟设备
##2.设备的发现##
fdisk -l ###查看真实存在的设备
cat /proc/partitions ###系统能够识别的设备
blkid ###系统能够挂载使用的设备id
df ###查看设备被系统使用的情况
[root@foundation28 ~]# fdisk -l ##查看真实存在的设备
(插上U盘后效果)
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe8e708e2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 63 167782859 83891398+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda2 167782860 976768064 404492602+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda3 976769024 976773119 2048 83 Linux
/dev/sda5 438333588 708884189 135275301 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Partition 5 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda6 708884253 976768064 133941906 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Partition 6 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda7 167786496 168196095 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 168198144 176586751 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9 176588800 438333439 130872320 83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Disk /dev/sdb: 15.9 GB, 15938355200 bytes, 31129600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb2bb22af
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 512 31129599 15564544 b W95 FAT32
[root@foundation28 ~]# cat /proc/partitions ###系统能够识别的设备
major minor #blocks name
8 0 488386584 sda
8 1 83891398 sda1
8 2 1 sda2
8 3 2048 sda3
8 5 135275301 sda5
8 6 133941906 sda6
8 7 204800 sda7
8 8 4194304 sda8
8 9 130872320 sda9
7 0 3799040 loop0
8 16 15564800 sdb
8 17 15564544 sdb1
[root@foundation28 ~]# blkid ###系统能够挂在使用的设备的id
/dev/sda1: UUID="BEE898DDE89894ED" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="000B87C900033209" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda6: UUID="000318A0000C409D" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda7: UUID="14c874d0-bbb8-4fbb-9ca3-07b69d6d18f4" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda8: UUID="cb15f413-33e7-4cc4-a5a2-0b9483dabb7f" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda9: UUID="f9663892-0c00-4379-9a82-e42ce19f0115" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/loop0: UUID="2015-02-19-11-11-02-00" LABEL="RHEL-7.1 Server.x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="2982-F523" TYPE="vfat"
[root@foundation28 ~]# df ###查看设备被系统使用的情况
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda9 130808420 30100812 100707608 24% /
devtmpfs 1881932 0 1881932 0% /dev
tmpfs 1891380 696 1890684 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1891380 9228 1882152 1% /run
tmpfs 1891380 0 1891380 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 3798292 3798292 0 100% /var/www/html/rhel7.1
/dev/sda7 198380 111212 87168 57% /boot
/dev/sdb1 15560448 356096 15204352 3% /run/media/kiosk/2982-F523
####3.设备的使用####
1.设备的挂载
mount 设备 挂载点
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
[root@foundation28 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ ###把系统中第二块硬盘的第一个分区挂载到/mnt/目录下
2.卸载设备
umount 设备|挂载点
如果出现以下情况：
[root@foundation28 ~]# umount /mnt/
umount: /mnt: target is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
解决方法：
fuser -kvm 设备|挂载点 ###-k kill, -v 显示详细信息， -m 扫描设备
[root@foundation28 ~]# fuser -vmk /dev/sdb1
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/sdb1: root kernel mount /run/media/kiosk/2982-F523
root 4916 ..c.. bash
####4.软硬链接####
1.硬链接：若一个节点对应多个文件名，则这些文件为硬链接。
ln /file /file1
[root@foundation28 mnt]# touch file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ls -li file
274574055 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 11 21:27 file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ln /mnt/file /opt/
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ls -li /mnt/file
274574055 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Nov 11 21:27 /mnt/file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ls -li /opt/file
274574055 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Nov 11 21:27 /opt/file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# rm -fr /opt/file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ls -li /mnt/file
274574055 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 11 21:27 /mnt/file
2.软链接：若多个节点对应一个文件名，则这些文件为软链接。
ln -s /file /file1
[root@foundation28 mnt]# touch file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ls -li file
274574058 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 11 21:17 file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ln -s /mnt/file /opt/
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ls -li /mnt/file
274574058 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 11 21:17 /mnt/file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ls -li /opt/file
409654518 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 11 21:17 /opt/file -> /mnt/file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# rm -fr /mnt/file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ls -li /opt/file
409654518 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 11 21:24 /opt/file -> /mnt/file
[root@foundation28 mnt]# cat /opt/file
cat: /opt/file: No such file or directory
######4.文件查找#####
1.locate filename ###在文件数据库中搜索filename信息，updatedb更新文件数据库
[root@foundation28 mnt]# locate westos
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-Auto_westos-east
/home/kiosk/.local/share/Trash/files/westos
/home/kiosk/.local/share/Trash/info/westos.trashinfo
/usr/bin/westos.sh
/var/log/libvirt/qemu/westots2.log
[root@foundation28 mnt]# touch /boot/westos
[root@foundation28 mnt]# locate westos
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-Auto_westos-east
/home/kiosk/.local/share/Trash/files/westos
/home/kiosk/.local/share/Trash/info/westos.trashinfo
/usr/bin/westos.sh
/var/log/libvirt/qemu/westos2.log
[root@foundation28 mnt]# updatedb
[root@foundation28 mnt]# locate westos
/boot/westos
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-Auto_westos-east
/home/kiosk/.local/share/Trash/files/westos
/home/kiosk/.local/share/Trash/info/westos.trashinfo
/usr/bin/westos.sh
/var/log/libvirt/qemu/westos2.log
2.find
find 查找位置 -条件 条件值 -exec 动作 {} \;
-name
-not 条件
-group
-user
-size
-perm
-maxdepth
-mindepth
-a
-o
[root@foundation28 mnt]# useradd redhat
[root@foundation28 mnt]# useradd linux
[root@foundation28 mnt]# touch file{1..4}
[root@foundation28 mnt]# chown redhat file1
[root@foundation28 mnt]# chown linux.redhat file2
[root@foundation28 mnt]# chown linux.linux file3
[root@foundation28 mnt]# chown linux file4
[root@foundation28 mnt]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 redhat root 0 Nov 11 21:42 file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 linux redhat 0 Nov 11 21:42 file2
-rw-r--r-- 1 linux linux 0 Nov 11 21:42 file3
-rw-r--r-- 1 linux root 0 Nov 11 21:42 file4
[root@foundation28 mnt]# find /mnt/ -user linux ##user用户为linux的文件
/mnt/file2
/mnt/file3
/mnt/file4
[root@foundation28 mnt]# find /mnt/ -group linux ##group用户为linux的文件
/mnt/file3
[root@foundation28 mnt]# find /mnt/ -user redhat -a -group root ##user用户为redhat且group用户为root的文件
/mnt/file1
[root@foundation28 mnt]# find /mnt/ -user redhat -o -group redhat ##user用户为redhat或group用户为redhat的文件
/mnt/file1
/mnt/file2
[root@foundation28 mnt]# find /mnt/ -not -user redhat -o -group redhat ##user用户不是redhat或group用户是redhat的文件
/mnt/
/mnt/file2
/mnt/file3
/mnt/file4
[root@foundation28 mnt]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/file1 bs=1024 count=10
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
10240 bytes (10 kB) copied, 0.00013982 s, 73.2 MB/s
[root@foundation28 mnt]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/file2 bs=1024 count=20
20+0 records in
20+0 records out
20480 bytes (20 kB) copied, 0.000160015 s, 128 MB/s
[root@foundation28 mnt]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/file3 bs=1024 count=30
30+0 records in
30+0 records out
30720 bytes (31 kB) copied, 0.000190452 s, 161 MB/s
[root@foundation28 mnt]# find /mnt/ -size 20k ##文件大小是20k的
/mnt/file2
[root@foundation28 mnt]# find /mnt/ -size -20k ##文件大小小于20k的
/mnt/
/mnt/file1
[root@foundation28 mnt]# find /mnt/ -size +20k ##文件大小大于20k的
/mnt/file3
[root@lvchao mnt]# ll
total 0
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 11 22:09 file1
--w--w--w-. 1 root root 0 Nov 11 22:09 file2
-rwxrw-r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 11 22:09 file3
--w-r-xrwx. 1 root root 0 Nov 11 22:09 file4
[root@lvchao mnt]# find /mnt/ -perm 444 ###权限是444的文件
/mnt/file1
[root@lvchao mnt]# find /mnt/ -perm 222 ###权限是222的文件
/mnt/file2
[root@lvchao mnt]# find /mnt/ -perm -222 ###权限含有222的文件
/mnt/
/mnt/file2
[root@lvchao mnt]# find /mnt/ -perm -124
/mnt/
/mnt/file3
[root@lvchao mnt]# find /mnt/ -perm /124 ###权限满足一个即可
/mnt/
/mnt/.java
/mnt/.java/.systemPrefs
/mnt/file1
/mnt/file2
/mnt/file3
/mnt/file4
[root@lvchao mnt]# find /etc/ -name passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
[root@lvchao mnt]# find /etc/ -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -name passwd ##目录最大深度为1，最小深度为1
/etc/passwd
[root@lvchao mnt]# find / -group mail -exec cp -rp {} /mnt/mailbackup/ \; ##找出mail组下的文件复制到/mnt/mailbckup
find: ‘/proc/2457/task/2457/fd/6’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/2457/task/2457/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/2457/fd/6’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/2457/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory
cp: ‘/mnt/mailbackup/mail’ and ‘/mnt/mailbackup/mail’ are the same file
cp: ‘/mnt/mailbackup/rpc’ and ‘/mnt/mailbackup/rpc’ are the same file
cp: ‘/mnt/mailbackup/student’ and ‘/mnt/mailbackup/student’ are the same file
cp: ‘/mnt/mailbackup/root’ and ‘/mnt/mailbackup/root’ are the same file
cp: ‘/mnt/mailbackup/westos’ and ‘/mnt/mailbackup/westos’ are the same file
cp: ‘/mnt/mailbackup/redhat’ and ‘/mnt/mailbackup/redhat’ are the same file
cp: ‘/mnt/mailbackup/mailbckup’ and ‘/mnt/mailbackup/mailbckup’ are the same file
[root@lvchao mnt]# ls /mnt/mailbackup
mail mailbckup redhat root rpc student westos
