问题与背景
使用传统的socket编程写代码难免有这样那样的bug,在一个netty项目中,想要做socket客户端,在引入别的项目就有点花蛇添足,这时候,就需要基于netty封装一个通用的socket客户端,只需要改变一下解码器编码器,就能使用。
解决方案
这是一个基于固定字符结尾的socket报文的案例。
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@Data
@Slf4j
public class BaseNettyMVBoxClient {
private String remoteIp;
private Integer remotePort;
//局部变量化关键变量,方便使用
private EventLoopGroup group;
private Bootstrap b;
private ChannelFuture cf;
private class PrintHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String>{
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, String o) throws Exception {
log.debug("收到下位机信息:" + o);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
public BaseNettyMVBoxClient(String ip, Integer port) {
this.remoteIp = ip;
this.remotePort = port;
group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))//开启日志
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$===+++end+++===$".getBytes());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(4096,byteBuf));
// 设置字符串解码器,将buf转化为字符串,默认是u8。handler接收到的就是string类型的
sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
sc.pipeline().addLast(new PrintHandler());
}
}
/**
* 客户端对象执行连接的逻辑
*/
public void connect(){
try {
this.cf = b.connect(this.remoteIp, this.remotePort).sync();
log.debug("远程服务器已经连接, 可以进行数据交换..");
} catch (Exception e) {
//e.printStackTrace();
log.error("连接下位机出现异常!");
}
}
/**
* 实现断线重连,发送数据通过cf对象,就可以启用重连
*/
public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(){
if(this.cf == null){
this.connect();
}
if(!this.cf.channel().isActive()){
this.connect();
}
return this.cf;
}
public void sendMsg(ByteBuf msg){
log.debug("BaseNettyMVBoxClient执行sendMsg方法,byte数组大小:" + msg.array().length);
try {
this.getChannelFuture().channel().writeAndFlush(msg).sync();
//当通道关闭了,就继续往下走 用这个就永久阻塞了
//this.getChannelFuture().channel().closeFuture().sync();
}catch (Exception e){
log.error("sendMsg发生了异常:" + e.getMessage());
}
}
public void shutdown(){
if (this.cf != null){
this.cf.channel().close();
}
if (this.group!=null){
this.group.shutdownGracefully();
}
if(this.b != null){
this.b = null;
}
log.debug("释放BaseNettyMVBoxClient资源");
}
}
使用过程中的注意事项
1.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)和handler(new ChannelInitializer()中泛型用的类要严格对应,不对应的话,用socket工具当server接收收不到数据。
2.针对收不到数据的情况,如果是channel(NioSocketChannel.class)和handler(new ChannelInitializer<’SocketChannel‘>())这种组合的话,需要在调用sendMsg之后,线程暂停几秒,才能成功发送。感觉就是如果使用SocketChannel去初始化,非阻塞的特性就发挥不出来了,必须等待着发送完毕,所以需要等几秒,如果直接往下执行,SocketChannel是阻塞的,直接就关闭了,数据发不出去,也就报错了。
后续改动
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@Data
@Slf4j
public class BaseNettyMVBoxClient {
private String remoteIp;
private Integer remotePort;
//局部变量化关键变量,方便使用
private EventLoopGroup group;
private Bootstrap b;
private ChannelFuture cf;
private class PrintHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String>{
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, String o) throws Exception {
log.debug("收到下位机信息:" + o);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
public BaseNettyMVBoxClient(String ip, Integer port) {
this.remoteIp = ip;
this.remotePort = port;
group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
.option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS,3000)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))//开启日志
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$===+++end+++===$".getBytes());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(4096,byteBuf));
// 设置字符串解码器,将buf转化为字符串,默认是u8。handler接收到的就是string类型的
sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
sc.pipeline().addLast(new PrintHandler());
}
// @Override
// protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
// ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$===+++end+++===$".getBytes());
// sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(4096,byteBuf));
设置字符串解码器,将buf转化为字符串,默认是u8。handler接收到的就是string类型的
// sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
// sc.pipeline().addLast(new PrintHandler());
// }
});
}
/**
* 客户端对象执行连接的逻辑
*/
private void connect(){
try {
this.cf = b.connect(this.remoteIp, this.remotePort).sync();
log.debug("远程服务器已经连接, 可以进行数据交换..");
} catch (Exception e) {
//e.printStackTrace();
log.error("连接下位机出现异常!");
}
}
/**
* 实现断线重连,发送数据通过cf对象,就可以启用重连
*/
private ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(){
if(this.cf == null){
this.connect();
}
if(!this.cf.channel().isActive()){
this.connect();
}
return this.cf;
}
public void sendMsg(ByteBuf msg){
log.debug("BaseNettyMVBoxClient执行sendMsg方法,byte数组大小:" + msg.array().length);
try {
this.getChannelFuture().channel().writeAndFlush(msg);
//当通道关闭了,就继续往下走 用这个就永久阻塞了
//this.getChannelFuture().channel().closeFuture().sync();
}catch (Exception e){
log.error("sendMsg发生了异常:" + e.getMessage());
}
}
public void shutdown(){
if (this.cf != null){
this.cf.channel().close();
}
if (this.group!=null){
this.group.shutdownGracefully();
}
if(this.b != null){
this.b = null;
}
log.debug("释放BaseNettyMVBoxClient资源");
}
}
代码后续进行了一些改动,包括加入超时时间以及初始化时改回SocketChannel。 翻了一下官网几乎都是这个组合(nio.class + socketchannel),仔细思考了一下出现这种情况(用tcp工具当server,然后junit测试发送,不加线程睡眠就发不过去)的原因,因为junit执行完毕之后,就把jvm关了,但是实际上channel中的数据没有发送过去,毕竟时nio非阻塞,所以只要保证发送完之后,不马上关闭jvm,就能保证数据的送达。
如果想测试,就加NioSocketChannel的初始化+send时候的sync就好了。