Apache+Tomcat负载均衡（一机多实例）

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vssql2005 2008-09-25 10:02:20 博主文章分类：Linux ©著作权

文章标签 负载均衡职场 Apache Tomcat 休闲 文章分类 负载均衡服务器

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（1）解压安装
1）安装JDK
#./jdk-6u10-rc-bin-b28-linux-i586-21_jul_2008-rpm.bin
运行后会显示一大篇协议，按空格跳过。看到最后出现[yes]时输入yes回车确认。

添加JDK的环境变量
用文本编辑器打开/etc/profile，在文件的最后添加以下内容：

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_10
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

保存退出，然后注销一次或运行：source /etc/profile命令使系统环境变量生效。
确定环境变量生效后可以终端中运行：java -version命令测试是否安装成功。
java version "1.6.0_10-rc"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_10-rc-b28)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 11.0-b15, mixed mode, sharing)
若出现以上文字那么JDK已经OK了。
2）安装apache
ar -zxvf httpd-2.2.9.tar.gz
程序解压后得到名为：httpd-2.2.9的文件夹。继续运行以下命令：

cd httpd-2.2.9
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-modules=so --enable-mods-shared-all --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-connect --enable-proxy-ftp --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer
make
make install

修改apache的配置文件httpd.conf
vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf命令进行编辑。

<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.jsp
</IfModule>

找到#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf，将前面的注释符#去掉。

在文件的最后添加以下内容并保存：

ProxyRequests Off
<proxy balancer://RHEL5-1>
BalancerMember ajp://192.168.10.6:8009 loadfactor=2 route=jvm1
BalancerMember ajp://192.168.10.5:8009 loadfactor=2 route=jvm2
BalancerMember ajp://192.168.10.160:8009 loadfactor=2 route=jvm3
</proxy>

该文件所在路径为：/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
将文件中以下内容注释掉：

#<VirtualHost *:80>
#    ServerAdmin [email]webmaster@dummy-host.example.com[/email]
#    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
#    ServerName dummy-host.example.com
#    ServerAlias [url]www.dummy-host.example.com[/url]
#    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
#    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
#</VirtualHost>

#<VirtualHost *:80>
#    ServerAdmin [email]webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com[/email]
#    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
#    ServerName dummy-host2.example.com
#    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error_log"
#    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access_log" common
#</VirtualHost>

在文件末尾添加以下内容并保存：

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [email]zhangheng@juwangnet.com[/email]
    ServerName localhost
    ServerAlias localhost
    ProxyPass / balancer://RHEL5-1/ stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On
    ProxyPassReverse / balancer://RHEL5-1/
</VirtualHost>
至此apache安装配置完毕……

httpd-info.conf
<Location /server-status>
    SetHandler server-status
    Order deny,allow
#   Deny from all
    Allow from all
</Location>

#
# ExtendedStatus controls whether Apache will generate "full" status
# information (ExtendedStatus On) or just basic information (ExtendedStatus
# Off) when the "server-status" handler is called. The default is Off.
#
ExtendedStatus On

#
# Allow remote server configuration reports, with the URL of
# [url]http://servername/server-info[/url] (requires that mod_info.c be loaded).
# Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable.
#
<Location /server-info>
    SetHandler server-info
    Order deny,allow
#   Deny from all
    Allow from all
</Location>

<Location /balancer-manager>
SetHandler balancer-manager
    Order deny,allow
#   Deny from all
    Allow from all
</Location>
（2）配置Tomcat
先在/usr/local目录中建一个名为tomcat的文件夹，然后在终端中运行：
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz
程序解压后得到名为：apache-tomcat-6.0.18的文件夹，将它复制两份到/usr/local/tomcat目录并重命名为tomcat6-1和tomcat6-2.
进入tomcat6-1目录，修改conf目录下的server.xml文件（以下两个项目不变）
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
找到文件中<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">这一行，将它改为：
<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
说明：这里的jvmRoute的值必须对应于httpd.conf文件中最末添加的route的值。
接着在刚才修改的那一行下添加以下内容并保存：
<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="6">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true" mapSendOptions="6" />
- <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000" />
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4000" autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="100" maxThreads="6" />
- <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender" />
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector" />
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor" />
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor" />
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;" />
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve" />
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/" watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled="false" />
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener" />
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener" />
</Cluster>

将保存后的server.xml文件复制一分到tomcat6-2的对应文件夹下替换掉原文件。并打开修改下面几处：

<Server port="9005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
端口由8005改为9005，取值随意，不冲突就行。

<Connector port="9080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
端口由8080改为9080，取值随意。

<Connector port="9009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
端口由8009改为9009，此端口号須与httpd.conf文件中ajp://127.0.0.1:9009的端口一致。

<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm2">
jvmRoute的值应与httpd.conf文件中的第二条route值一致。

<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4001" autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="100" maxThreads="6"/>
端口由4000改为4001，此处端口取值范围在4000～4100，只要与其他tomcat不冲突即可。
最后保存配置。
配置完成！
（3）启动服务
先启动各tomcat：
cd /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat6-1
./startup.sh
cd /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat6-2
./startup.sh
再启动apache：
cd /usr/local/apache/bin
./apachectl start
打开浏览器，通过[url]http://127.0.0.1[/url]来访问一下，应该就会出现大家熟悉的猫猫了。
然后再分别用[url]http://127.0.0.1:8080[/url]和[url]http://127.0.0.1:9080[/url]来访问一下，
它们显示的内容应该是和[url]http://127.0.0.1[/url]一样的，这样就说明apache和tomcat整合成功！

（4）给tomcat增加管理用户（有时间的话分别给tomcat下conf文件下user.xml中添加管理员用户。）
<tomcat-users>
<role rolename=”manager”/>
<role rolename=”admin”/>
<user username= “juwang”password=”1234567″ roles=”manager,admin”/>
</tomcat-users>