Document ID: 14003
Contents
Introduction
Prerequisites
Requirements
Components Used
Conventions
Analog E&M Parameters
E&M Interface Types and Wiring Arrangement
Audio Implementation (two-wire / four-wire)
Start Dial Supervision Signaling
Address Signaling
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Related Information
Analog trunk circuits connect automated systems, such as a private
branch exchange (PBX) and the network such as a central office (CO). The most
common form of analog trunking is the E&M interface. E&M Signaling is
commonly referred to as "ear & mouth" or "recEive and transMit", but its
origin comes from the term earth and magnet. Earth represents electrical ground
and magnet represents the electromagnet used to generate tone.
E&M signaling defines a trunk circuit side and a signaling unit
side for each connection similar to the data circuit-terminating equipment
(DCE) and data terminal equipment (DTE) reference type. Usually the PBX is the
trunk circuit side and the Telco, CO, channel-bank, or Cisco voice enabled
platform is the signaling unit side.
Note: The Cisco analog E&M interface functions as the signaling unit
side and it expects the other side to be a trunk circuit. When you use E&M
interface models Type II and Type V, two signaling unit sides can be connected
back to back by the appropriate crossing of the signaling leads. When you use
E&M Type I interfaces, two signaling unit sides cannot be connected back to
back.
Readers of this document need to have knowledge of these topics:
-
Cisco 2600, 3600, and VG200 platforms require a voice network module
and an E&M voice interface card (VIC).
-
Cisco 1750 and 1760 platforms only require the E&M VIC and a
Packet Voice DSP Module (PVDM).
-
Cisco MC3810 platforms requires an analog voice module (AVM) with an
E&M analog personality module (APM-EM) installed in the AVM and a Voice
Compression Module (VCM).
A typical analog E&M circuit is shown in this
diagram:
Analog E&M is supported on Cisco 1750, 1760, 2600, 3600, VG200, and
MC3810 models.
The information in this document was created from the devices in a
specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with
a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you
understand the potential impact of any command.
There are four main parameters that define the different analog E&M
implementations. They are listed and explained here:
There are five different E&M interface types or models named Type
I, II, III, IV, and V (Type IV is not supported on Cisco platforms). Each type
has a different wiring arrangement, hence a different approach to transmit
E&M supervision signaling (on-hook / off-hook signaling). The signaling
side sends its on-hook/off-hook signal over the E-lead. The trunking side sends
the on-hook/off-hook over the M-lead.
-
E&M Type I—This is the most common interface in
North America.
-
Type I uses two leads for supervisor signaling: E, and
M.
-
During inactivity, the E-lead is open and the M-lead is connected
to the ground.
-
The PBX (that acts as trunk circuit side) connects the M-lead to
the battery in order to indicate the off-hook condition.
-
The Cisco router/gateway (signaling unit) connects the E-lead to
the ground in order to indicate the off-hook condition.
-
E&M Type II—Two signaling nodes can be connected
back-to-back.
-
Type II uses four leads for supervision signaling: E, M, SB, and
SG.
-
During inactivity both the E-lead and M-lead are open.
-
The PBX (that acts as trunk circuit side) connects the M-lead to
the signal battery (SB) lead connected to the battery of the signaling side in
order to indicate the off-hook condition.
-
The Cisco router / gateway (signaling unit) connects the E-lead to
the signal ground (SG) lead connected to the ground of the trunk circuit side
in order to indicate the off-hook condition.
-
E&M Type III—This is not commonly used in modern
systems.
-
Type III uses four leads for supervision signaling: E, M, SB, and
SG.
-
During inactivity, the E-lead is open and the M-lead is set to the
ground connected to the SG lead of the signaling side.
-
The PBX (that acts as trunk circuit side) disconnects the M-lead
from the SG lead and connects it to the SB lead of the signaling side in order
to indicate the off-hook condition.
-
The Cisco router / gateway (signaling unit) connects the E-lead to
the ground in order to indicate the off-hook condition.
-
E&M Type IV—This is not supported by Cisco
routers / gateways.
-
E&M Type V—Type V is symmetrical and allows two
signaling nodes to be connected back-to-back. This is the most common interface
type used outside of North America.
-
Type V uses two leads for supervisor signaling: E, and
M.
-
During inactivity the E-lead and M-lead are open.
-
The PBX ( that acts as trunk circuit side) connects the M-lead to
the ground in order to indicate the off-hook condition.
-
The Cisco router / gateway (signaling unit) connects the E-lead to
the ground in order to indicate off-hook condition.
There are two distinct types of audio interface (two-wire or
four-wire). These implementations describe the number of wires used in order to
transmit audio signals.
-
With the two-wire implementation, full-duplex audio signals are
transmitted over a single pair which consists of tip (T) and ring (R) leads.
-
The four-wire implementation provides separate paths to receive and
send audio signals which consists of T, R and T1, R1 leads.
Note: Even though an E&M circuit can be called a four-wire E&M
circuit, it is likely to have six to eight physical wires, based on the
signaling type and audio implementation used.
Start dial supervision is the line protocol that defines how the
equipment seizes the E&M trunk and passes the address signaling information
such as dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) digits. There are three main techniques
used for E&M start dial signaling:
-
Immediate Start—This is the most basic protocol. In
this technique, the originating switch goes off-hook, waits for a finite period
of time (for example, 200 ms), then sends the dial digits to the far end.
-
Wink Start—Wink is the most commonly used protocol.
In this technique, the originating switch goes off-hook, waits for a temporary
off-hook pulse from the other end (which is interpreted as an indication to
proceed), then sends the dial digits.
-
Delay Dial—In this technique, the originating side
goes off-hook and waits for about 200 ms, then checks to see if the far end is
on-hook. If the far end is on-hook, it then outputs dial digits. If the far end
is off-hook, it waits until it goes on-hook, then outputs dial
digits.
Address signaling typically represents the digits dialed (called number
of the party). There are two options used in order to pass address information.
Either Pulse dial (rotary dialing) or Tone dial (DTMF) can be used. The default
for Cisco routers and gateways is DTMF.
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