python学习笔记(1)



1)** 表示“冥”

2)输入函数 raw_input()

3)字符串操作:

>>> pystr='python'

>>> iscool='is cool!'

>>> pystr[0]

'p'

>>> pystr[2:5]

'tho'

>>> iscool[:2]

'is'

>>> iscool[3:]

'cool!'

>>> iscool[-1]

'!'

>>> pystr+iscool

'pythonis cool!'

>>> pystr+' '+iscool

'python is cool!'

>>> pystr*2

'pythonpython'

>>> ‘--------------------’


4)Lists和Tuples

Lists和Tuples的主要区别在于:Lists用中括号[]包围,其元素和尺寸可以改变;而Tuples用圆括号包围,且不能更新。因此,Tuples可以被认为是只读列表List。


其子集可以用[]和[:]分割,如同字符串那样。


>>> aList = [1,2,3,4]

>>> aList

[1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> aList[0]

1

>>> aList[2:3]

[3]

>>> aList[2:]

[3, 4]

>>> aList[:3]

[1, 2, 3]

>>> aList[1]=5

>>> aList

[1, 5, 3, 4]

>>> aTuple=('robots',77,93,'try')

>>> aTuple

('robots', 77, 93, 'try')

>>> aTuple[0]

'robots'

>>> aTuple[2:]

(93, 'try')

>>> aTuple[:3]

('robots', 77, 93)

>>> aTuple[1]='abc'


Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<pyshell#42>", line 1, in <module>

  aTuple[1]='abc'

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

>>> aTuple[1]=5


5)Dictionaries

字典Dictionaries是Python的哈希表类型。由键值对组成,键Key可以是任意Python类型,但是值Value只能是数字或字符串。字典封装在尖括号{}内。


>>> aDict={}

>>> aDict['host']='earth'

>>> aDict['port']=80

>>> aDict

{'host': 'earth', 'port': 80}

>>> aDict.keys()

['host', 'port']

>>> aDict['host']

'earth'

6)代码块使用缩进
7)if语句

if expression:

  if_suite

else:

  else_suite


if expression1:

  if_suite

elif expression2:

  elif_suite

else:

  else_suite


while expression:

  while_suite


---------

>>> counter=0

>>> while counter<5

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> while counter<5:

 print 'loop #%d' %(counter)

 counter=counter+1


 

loop #0

loop #1

loop #2

loop #3

loop #4



8)for循环和内建的range()函数

Python的for循环类似于shell脚本的foreach迭代类型的循环。


>>> print 'I like to use the Internet for:'

I like to use the Internet for:

>>> for item in ['e-mail','net-surfing','homework','chat']:

 print item


 

e-mail

net-surfing

homework

chat

---------


Python提供了内建的range()函数,产生一个列表。如下所示:


>>> for eachNum in range(6):

 print eachNum;


 

0

1

2

3

4

5



9)文件和内建的open()函数

文件访问是编程语言最重要的功能之一,它也是持久化存储的重要手段。


怎样打开一个文件:


handle = open(file_name, access_mode='r')


例子:


filename = raw_input('Enter file name: ')

file = open(filename, 'r')

allLines = file.readlines()

file.close()

for eachLine in allLines:

  print eachLine,