场景：
1.数据库没有备份
2.数据文件损坏
3.不符合使用控制文件和日志文件恢复的场景
1.模拟数据文件损坏
SYS@orcl11g> host cp /etc/passwd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/tbs04.dbf
2.数据库发觉数据文件损坏，ckpt进程中断实例
SYS@orcl11g> alter system flush buffer_cache;
SYS@orcl11g> select * from hr.e;
select * from hr.e
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01115: IO error reading block from file (block # )
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/tbs04.dbf'
ORA-27072: File I/O error
Additional information: 4
Additional information: 130
SYS@orcl11g> alter system switch logfile;
SYS@orcl11g> select * from hr.d;
select * from hr.d
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03135: connection lost contact
Process ID: 13908
Session ID: 1 Serial number: 5
SYS@orcl11g> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
3.因为控制文件完好，那么可以将数据库启动到mount状态
SYS@orcl11g> startup mount;
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes
Fixed Size 1345380 bytes
Variable Size 322963612 bytes
Database Buffers 92274688 bytes
Redo Buffers 6086656 bytes
Database mounted.
4.将控制文件备份成trace文件，利用创建控制文件脚本，恢复数据库
用resetlogs的方式的脚本
SYS@orcl11g> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/con.trc';
Database altered.
5.编辑创建控制文件的脚本
[oracle@db253 ~]$ vi createcon.sql
[oracle@db253 ~]$ cat createcon.sql
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL11G" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log' SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log' SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log' SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/example01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/undotbs2.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/tbs02.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/tbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/tbs03.dbf'
-- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/tbs04.dbf' --将这个损坏文件从控制 文件中剔除
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/arch/1_1_762197622.dbf';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/arch/1_1_816622368.dbf';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE ;
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/temp01.dbf' REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.
6.恢复数据库，因为脚本中有startup nomount，所以，将数据库关闭
SYS@orcl11g> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@orcl11g> @createcon.sql
--如果出现不能恢复的问题；
--应该是在mount状态：
--使用隐藏参数来恢复
SYS@orcl11g> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;
System altered.
SYS@orcl11g> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
SYS@orcl11g> alter database open resetlogs;
SYS@orcl11g> drop tablespace tbs04 including contents and datafiles;
