在介绍Hibernate事务配置之前仍然要先搭建SSH2环境，在前文《Spring整合Struts2中拦截链与注解的使用 》中已经介绍过了Spring与Struts2的整合，接下来我们集成Hibernate需要做的有两件事情，第一加入Hibernate依赖包，第二是在web.xml文件中进行对Hibernate的相关配置。首先来来看需要加入的Hibernate依赖包：
1.antlr-2.7.6.jar
2.commons-collections-3.1.jar
3.dom4j-1.6.1.jar
4.hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar
5.javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar
6.jta-1.1.jar
7.ojdbc14.jar
8.slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar
9.slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar
10.hibernate3.jar
最后需要加入的jar包是你所使用的数据库的驱动，我使用的是mysql数据库，所以加入mysql驱动包mysql-connector-java-3.1.13-bin.jar（根据你所使用的数据库加入相关驱动jar）。接下来进行各配置文件的相关配置，web.xml文件的配置，配置方式如下：
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
3. <display-name>SSH2</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12.
13. <context-param>
14. <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
15. <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
16. </context-param>
17.
18.
19. <filter>
20. <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
21. <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
22. <init-param>
23. <param-name>encoding</param-name>
24. <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
25. </init-param>
26. <init-param>
27. <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
28. <param-value>true</param-value>
29. </init-param>
30. </filter>
31.
32. <filter-mapping>
33. <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
34. <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
35. </filter-mapping>
36.
37. <filter>
38. <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
39. <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
40. </filter>
41.
42. <filter-mapping>
43. <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
44. <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
45. </filter-mapping>
46.
47. <filter>
48. <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
49. <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
50. <init-param>
51. <param-name>config</param-name>
52. <param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,config/struts.xml</param-value>
53. </init-param>
54. </filter>
55.
56. <filter-mapping>
57. <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
58. <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
59. </filter-mapping>
60.
61. <listener>
62. <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
63. </listener>
64. </web-app>
struts.xml文件的配置内容：
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
2. <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
3. "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
4. >
5.
6. <struts>
7. <constant name="struts.action.extension" value=","></constant>
8. <package name="testregist" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
9. <action name="regist" class="registAction">
10. <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
11. <result name="error" type="redirect">/error.jsp</result>
12. </action>
13. </package>
14. </struts>
applicationContext-bean.xml文件的配置内容：
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. >
11.
12. <!-- Spring管理Struts2的Action -->
13. <bean name="registAction" class="com.action.UserManagerAction" scope="prototype">
14. <property name="userManager" ref="userManager"></property>
15. </bean>
16.
17. <bean name="userManager" class="com.service.UserManager" scope="prototype">
18. <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
19. </bean>
20.
21. <bean name="userDao" class="com.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
22. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
23. </bean>
24.
25. </beans>
applicationContext-commons文件的配置内容：
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. >
11.
12. <!-- 配置sessionFactory的方式 -->
13.
14. <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
15. <property name="configLocation">
16. <value>classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
17. </property>
18. </bean>
19.
20. <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
21. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
22. </bean>
23.
24. <!-- 第一种配置事务的方式 ，tx-->
25. <!--
26. <tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
27. <tx:attributes>
28. <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="com.exception.MyRuntimeException"/>
29. <tx:method name="modify*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="com.exception.MyRuntimeException"/>
30. <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
31. <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
32. </tx:attributes>
33. </tx:advice>
34.
35. <aop:config>
36. <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.dao.*.*(..))" id="daoMethod"/>
37. <aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="daoMethod"/>
38. </aop:config>
39. >
40. <!-- 第二种配置事务的方式，代理 -->
41.
42. <bean id="transactionProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
43.
44. <!-- 使用cglib方式实现动态代理
45. <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"></property>
46. >
47.
48. <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
49. <property name="transactionAttributes">
50. <props>
51. <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, +RuntimeException</prop>
52. <prop key="modify*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, +com.exception.MyRuntimeException</prop>
53. <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
54. <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
55. </props>
56. </property>
57. </bean>
58.
59. <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionProxy">
60. <property name="target">
61.
62. <!-- 直接写bean来代替ref标签的链接方式 -->
63.
64. <bean class="com.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
65. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
66. </bean>
67. </property>
68. </bean>
69.
70. </beans>
hibernate.cfg.xml文件的配置内容：
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
3.
4. <hibernate-configuration>
5. <session-factory>
6. <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
7. <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/mytest</property>
8. <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
9. <property name="hibernate.connection.password">123456</property>
10. <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
11. <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
12. <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
13. <mapping resource="com/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
14. </session-factory>
15. </hibernate-configuration>
以上配置文件除web.xml文件外均存在于src目录下得config文件夹中。
最后是相关Java类的编写（UserDao）：
1. package com.dao;
2.
3. import com.entity.User;
4.
5. public interface UserDao {
6.
7. public void addUser(User user) throws Exception;
8.
9. public void modifyUser(User user);
10.
11. public void delUser(String username);
12. }
UserDaoImpl类实现UserDao接口：
1. package com.dao.impl;
2.
3. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
4. import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
5.
6. import com.dao.UserDao;
7. import com.entity.User;
8. import com.exception.MyRuntimeException;
9.
10. public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateTemplate implements UserDao {
11.
12. private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
13.
14. @Override
15. public void addUser(User user) throws Exception {
16. this.save(user);
17. //throw new Exception();
18. throw new RuntimeException();
19. }
20.
21. @Override
22. public void modifyUser(User user) {
23. this.update(user);
24. throw new MyRuntimeException();
25. }
26.
27. @Override
28. public void delUser(String username) {
29. this.delete(this.load(User.class, username));
30. }
31.
32. public void selectUser() {
33.
34. }
35. }
两个自定义的异常，MyException和MyRuntimeException：
1. package com.exception;
2.
3. import java.io.PrintStream;
4. import java.io.PrintWriter;
5.
6. public class MyException extends Exception {
7.
8. @Override
9. public void printStackTrace() {
10. super.printStackTrace();
11. }
12.
13. @Override
14. public void printStackTrace(PrintStream arg0) {
15. super.printStackTrace(arg0);
16. }
17.
18. @Override
19. public void printStackTrace(PrintWriter arg0) {
20. super.printStackTrace(arg0);
21. }
22.
23. }
1. package com.exception;
2.
3. public class MyRuntimeException extends RuntimeException {
4.
5. }
UserManager类，UserManager通过调用UserDaoImpl类的addUser()方法对数据进行持久化：
1. package com.service;
2.
3. import javax.annotation.Resource;
4.
5. import com.dao.UserDao;
6. import com.entity.User;
7.
8. public class UserManager {
9.
10. private UserDao userDao;
11.
12. public UserDao getUserDao() {
13. return userDao;
14. }
15.
16. public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
17. this.userDao = userDao;
18. }
19.
20. public void addUser(User user) throws Exception {
21. userDao.addUser(user);
22. }
23.
24. public void modifyUser(User user) {
25. userDao.modifyUser(user);
26. }
27.
28. public void delUser(String username) {
29. userDao.delUser(username);
30. }
31. }
UserManagerAction类，该类介于jsp页面与UserManager类之间，通过接收jsp页面传过来的数据作为调用UserManager类的addUser()方法的参数：
1. package com.action;
2.
3. import javax.annotation.Resource;
4.
5. import com.entity.User;
6. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
7. import com.service.UserManager;
8.
9. public class UserManagerAction extends ActionSupport {
10.
11. private User user;
12.
13. private UserManager userManager;
14.
15. public User getUser() {
16. return user;
17. }
18.
19. public void setUser(User user) {
20. this.user = user;
21. }
22.
23.
24.
25. public UserManager getUserManager() {
26. return userManager;
27. }
28.
29. public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
30. this.userManager = userManager;
31. }
32.
33. public String addUser() throws Exception {
34. "---------UserAction.addUser()-----------");
35. userManager.addUser(user);
36. return "success";
37. }
38.
39. public String modifyUser() {
40. "---------UserAction.modifyUser()-----------");
41. userManager.modifyUser(user);
42. return "success";
43. }
44.
45. public String delUser() {
46. "---------UserAction.delUser()-----------");
47. userManager.delUser(user.getUsername());
48. return "success";
49. }
50.
51. @Override
52. public String execute() throws Exception {
53. return addUser();
54. }
55. }
User实体类：
1. package com.entity;
2.
3. import javax.persistence.Column;
4. import javax.persistence.Entity;
5. import javax.persistence.Id;
6. import javax.persistence.Table;
7.
8. /**
9. *
10. * @author yang
11. * @hibernate.class table="T_User"
12. */
13. public class User {
14.
15. /**
16. * @hibernate.id
17. * generator-class="native"
18. */
19. private int id;
20.
21. /**
22. * @hibernate.property
23. */
24. private String username;
25.
26. /**
27. * @hibernate.property
28. */
29. private String password;
30.
31. /**
32. * @hibernate.property
33. */
34. private int age;
35.
36. public int getId() {
37. return id;
38. }
39.
40. public void setId(int id) {
41. this.id = id;
42. }
43.
44. public String getUsername() {
45. return username;
46. }
47.
48. public void setUsername(String username) {
49. this.username = username;
50. }
51.
52. public String getPassword() {
53. return password;
54. }
55.
56. public void setPassword(String password) {
57. this.password = password;
58. }
59.
60. public int getAge() {
61. return age;
62. }
63.
64. public void setAge(int age) {
65. this.age = age;
66. }
67. }
最后是jsp页面代码：
1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
2. pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <form action="regist">
11. <input name="user.username" type="text"><br>
12. <input name="user.password" type="password"><br>
13. <input name="user.age" type="text"><br>
14. <input type="submit" value="注册">
15. </form>
16. </body>
17. </html>
上面是添加整个用户的流程，简单来讲就是regist.jsp页面将页面数据提交到UserManagerAction，通过一系列的调用过程实现数据的持久化。在applicationContext-commons.xml文件中列举了两种配置事务的两种方式，这两种方式总的来讲本质上是一样的，只不过第二种是用代理方式。说到事务这里不得不提一句Spring的回滚机制。Spring对Exception和RuntimeException的处理方式是不一样的，如果是出现的是Exception（包含其子类）Spring会认为其是可修复的异常，这样的异常在默认情况下是不回滚的，而RuntimeException（包含其子类）则会被认为是不可恢复的异常，遇到这样的异常默认情况下是进行回滚的，所以如果我们根据自己的需要，想在抛出Exception的时候也想回滚，或在抛出RuntimeException的时候不想回滚的话就可以在applicationContext-commons.xml文件的事务配置部分配置roll-back-for（针对第一种事务配置方式），或以+，-方式（针对第二种事务配置方式）进行自定义配置即可。
