基础介绍
socket:对底层的封装，实现接收和发送能功能
发送：send
接收：receive
ISO七层
应用层 http,smtp, dns, ftp,ssh,snmp,ping,dhcp
表示层
会话层
传输
网络层 ip
数据链路层 mac
物理层
TCP/IP 三次握手，四次断开
UDP
port最大 65535
会话实例
# 服务器端
import socket
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(("localhost", 6969)) #绑定监听端口
server.listen(5) # 监听
print("监听开始..")
while True:
conn, addr = server.accept() #等待连接
print("conn:", conn, "\naddr:", addr) # conn连接实例
while True:
data = conn.recv(1024) # 接收
if not data:
print("connect close..")
break
print(data.decode("utf-8")) # 解码
conn.send(data.upper()) # 发送
server.close()
参数说明：
AF_INET：IPv4协议
AF_INET6： IPv6协议
SOCK_STREAM：面向流的TCP协议
SOCK_DGRAM： 面向无连接UDP协议
# 客户端
import socket
client = socket.socket() #生成socket连接对象
ip_port =("localhost", 6969) # 地址和端口号
client.connect(ip_port) # 连接
while True:
content = input(">>")
if not content: # 如果传入空字符会阻塞
print("connect close..")
break
client.send(content.encode("utf-8")) #传送和接收都是bytes类型
data = client.recv(1024) # 接收
print(data.decode("utf-8")) # 解码
client.close()
help(socket)
"""
class socket(_socket.socket)
| A subclass of _socket.socket adding the makefile() method.
|
| Method resolution order:
| socket
| _socket.socket
| builtins.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __enter__(self)
|
| __exit__(self, *args)
|
| __getstate__(self)
|
| __init__(self, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, proto=0, fileno=None)
|
| __repr__(self)
| Wrap __repr__() to reveal the real class name and socket
| address(es).
|
| accept(self)
| accept() -> (socket object, address info)
|
| Wait for an incoming connection. Return a new socket
| representing the connection, and the address of the client.
| For IP sockets, the address info is a pair (hostaddr, port).
|
| close(self)
|
| detach(self)
| detach() -> file descriptor
|
| Close the socket object without closing the underlying file descriptor.
| The object cannot be used after this call, but the file descriptor
| can be reused for other purposes. The file descriptor is returned.
|
| dup(self)
| dup() -> socket object
|
| Duplicate the socket. Return a new socket object connected to the same
| system resource. The new socket is non-inheritable.
|
| get_inheritable(self)
| Get the inheritable flag of the socket
|
| makefile(self, mode='r', buffering=None, *, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None)
| makefile(...) -> an I/O stream connected to the socket
|
| The arguments are as for io.open() after the filename,
| except the only mode characters supported are 'r', 'w' and 'b'.
| The semantics are similar too. (XXX refactor to share code?)
|
| set_inheritable(self, inheritable)
| Set the inheritable flag of the socket
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
|
| family
| Read-only access to the address family for this socket.
|
| type
| Read-only access to the socket type.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from _socket.socket:
|
| __getattribute__(self, name, /)
| Return getattr(self, name).
|
| __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
| Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.
|
| bind(...)
| bind(address)
|
| Bind the socket to a local address. For IP sockets, the address is a
| pair (host, port); the host must refer to the local host. For raw packet
| sockets the address is a tuple (ifname, proto [,pkttype [,hatype]])
|
| connect(...)
| connect(address)
|
| Connect the socket to a remote address. For IP sockets, the address
| is a pair (host, port).
|
| connect_ex(...)
| connect_ex(address) -> errno
|
| This is like connect(address), but returns an error code (the errno value)
| instead of raising an exception when an error occurs.
|
| fileno(...)
| fileno() -> integer
|
| Return the integer file descriptor of the socket.
|
| getpeername(...)
| getpeername() -> address info
|
| Return the address of the remote endpoint. For IP sockets, the address
| info is a pair (hostaddr, port).
|
| getsockname(...)
| getsockname() -> address info
|
| Return the address of the local endpoint. For IP sockets, the address
| info is a pair (hostaddr, port).
|
| getsockopt(...)
| getsockopt(level, option[, buffersize]) -> value
|
| Get a socket option. See the Unix manual for level and option.
| If a nonzero buffersize argument is given, the return value is a
| string of that length; otherwise it is an integer.
|
| gettimeout(...)
| gettimeout() -> timeout
|
| Returns the timeout in seconds (float) associated with socket
| operations. A timeout of None indicates that timeouts on socket
| operations are disabled.
|
| ioctl(...)
| ioctl(cmd, option) -> long
|
| Control the socket with WSAIoctl syscall. Currently supported 'cmd' values are
| SIO_RCVALL: 'option' must be one of the socket.RCVALL_* constants.
| SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS: 'option' is a tuple of (onoff, timeout, interval).
|
| listen(...)
| listen(backlog)
|
| Enable a server to accept connections. The backlog argument must be at
| least 0 (if it is lower, it is set to 0); it specifies the number of
| unaccepted connections that the system will allow before refusing new
| connections.
|
| recv(...)
| recv(buffersize[, flags]) -> data
|
| Receive up to buffersize bytes from the socket. For the optional flags
| argument, see the Unix manual. When no data is available, block until
| at least one byte is available or until the remote end is closed. When
| the remote end is closed and all data is read, return the empty string.
|
| recv_into(...)
| recv_into(buffer, [nbytes[, flags]]) -> nbytes_read
|
| A version of recv() that stores its data into a buffer rather than creating
| a new string. Receive up to buffersize bytes from the socket. If buffersize
| is not specified (or 0), receive up to the size available in the given buffer.
|
| See recv() for documentation about the flags.
|
| recvfrom(...)
| recvfrom(buffersize[, flags]) -> (data, address info)
|
| Like recv(buffersize, flags) but also return the sender's address info.
|
| recvfrom_into(...)
| recvfrom_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) -> (nbytes, address info)
|
| Like recv_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) but also return the sender's address info.
|
| send(...)
| send(data[, flags]) -> count
|
| Send a data string to the socket. For the optional flags
| argument, see the Unix manual. Return the number of bytes
| sent; this may be less than len(data) if the network is busy.
|
| sendall(...)
| sendall(data[, flags])
|
| Send a data string to the socket. For the optional flags
| argument, see the Unix manual. This calls send() repeatedly
| until all data is sent. If an error occurs, it's impossible
| to tell how much data has been sent.
|
| sendto(...)
| sendto(data[, flags], address) -> count
|
| Like send(data, flags) but allows specifying the destination address.
| For IP sockets, the address is a pair (hostaddr, port).
|
| setblocking(...)
| setblocking(flag)
|
| Set the socket to blocking (flag is true) or non-blocking (false).
| setblocking(True) is equivalent to settimeout(None);
| setblocking(False) is equivalent to settimeout(0.0).
|
| setsockopt(...)
| setsockopt(level, option, value)
|
| Set a socket option. See the Unix manual for level and option.
| The value argument can either be an integer or a string.
|
| settimeout(...)
| settimeout(timeout)
|
| Set a timeout on socket operations. 'timeout' can be a float,
| giving in seconds, or None. Setting a timeout of None disables
| the timeout feature and is equivalent to setblocking(1).
| Setting a timeout of zero is the same as setblocking(0).
|
| share(...)
| share(process_id) -> bytes
|
| Share the socket with another process. The target process id
| must be provided and the resulting bytes object passed to the target
| process. There the shared socket can be instantiated by calling
| socket.fromshare().
|
| shutdown(...)
| shutdown(flag)
|
| Shut down the reading side of the socket (flag == SHUT_RD), the writing side
| of the socket (flag == SHUT_WR), or both ends (flag == SHUT_RDWR).
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from _socket.socket:
|
| proto
| the socket protocol
|
| timeout
| the socket timeout
"""
