python模块--Telnetlib模块

1.Telnetlib模块概述

2.华为ENSP搭建python实验环境

vlanif 1 ip 1923.168.56.x

aaa

local-user admin password cipher Huawei@123 privilege level 3

local-user admin service-type telnet

qu

telnet server enable

user-interface vty 0 4

authentication-mode aaa

protocol inbound all

user-interface console 0

idle-timeout 0

3.Telnetlib案例1：基础语法

基础操作

#导入模块
import telnetlib
import time

#定义telnet用到参数
host = '192.168.56.12'
user = 'admin'
password = 'Huawei@123'

#执行telnet 并输入用户名和密码
#通过类Telnet实例化tn
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host)
tn.read_until(b"Username:") #b就是把字符变成bytes
tn.write(user.encode('ascii') + b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:")
tn.write(password.encode('ascii') + b"\n")
#提示登录的交换机
print('登录交换机' + host)

#执行配置命令
tn.write(b"sys\n")
tn.write(b"int loopback 1\n")
tn.write(b"ip add 2.2.2.2 32\n")
tn.write(b"quit\n")
tn.write(b"quit\n")
tn.write(b"save\n")
tn.write(b"y\n")

time.sleep(2)   #暂停2s，等待设备响应

#打印输出结果
output = (tn.read_very_eager().decode('ascii'))
print(output)
tn.close()

4.Telnetlib案例2：登录多台设备

import telnetlib
import time

#登录多台设备
hosts = ['192.168.56.11','192.168.56.12','192.168.56.13','192.168.56.14','192.168.56.15','192.168.56.16']
username = 'admin'
password = 'Huawei@123'

for host in hosts:
    tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host)
    tn.read_until(b'Username:')
    tn.write(username.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
    tn.read_until(b'Password:')
    tn.write(password.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
    print('登录设备' + host)

    tn.write(b'sys\n')
    tn.write(b'vlan 10\n')
    tn.write(b'int vlanif 10\n')
    tn.write(b'ip add 2.2.2.2 24\n')
    tn.write(b'quit\n')
    tn.write(b'quit\n')
    tn.write(b'save\n')
    tn.write(b'y\n')

    time.sleep(3)
    output = (tn.read_very_eager().decode('ascii'))
    print(output)
    tn.close()

5.Telnetlib案例3：循环执行命令

使用for循环登录多台交换机，同时使用for循环执行相关命令

import telnetlib
import time

host = ['192.168.56.11','192.168.56.12','192.168.56.13','192.168.56.14','192.168.56.15','192.168.56.16']
username = 'admin'
password = 'Huawei@123'
commands = ['sys','int loop 0','ip add 1.1.1.1 32','quit','quit','save','y']

for ip in host:
    tn = telnetlib.Telnet(ip)
    tn.read_until(b'Username:',timeout=1.5)
    tn.write(username.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
    tn.read_until(b'Password:',timeout=1.5)
    tn.write(password.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
    print('登录交换机' + ip)
	
    #for循环执行相关命令
    for command in commands:
        tn.write(command.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
    time.sleep(3)
    output = (tn.read_very_eager()).decode('ascii')
    print(output)
    tn.close()

6.Telnetlib案例4：异常处理

增加异常处理，防止某台交换机登录失败，导致程序中断

import telnetlib
import time

host = ['192.168.56.11','192.168.56.12','192.168.56.13',\
        '192.168.56.14','192.168.56.15','192.168.56.16']
username = 'admin'
password = 'Huawei@123'
commands = ['sys','int loop 0','ip add 1.1.1.1 32','quit','quit','save','y']
error = []
for ip in host:
    try:
        tn = telnetlib.Telnet(ip)
        tn.read_until(b'Username:',timeout=1.5)
        tn.write(username.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
        tn.read_until(b'Password:',timeout=1.5)
        tn.write(password.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
        print('登录交换机' + ip)

        for command in commands:
            tn.write(command.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
        time.sleep(3)
        output = (tn.read_very_eager()).decode('ascii')
        print(output)
        tn.close()
    except:
        print('登录失败交换机' + ip)
        error.append(ip)
    print('登录失败交换机：')
    print(error)

7.Telnetlib案例5：通过文本读取IP和命令

希望非专业人士也能干

import telnetlib
import time

hosts = open('host.txt','r')
username = 'admin'
password = 'Huawei@123'
commands = open('commands.txt','r')
ConnectError = []
AuthenFail = []

for host in hosts.readlines():
    try:
        #干掉回车或空格
        host = host.strip()
        tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host)
        tn.read_until(b'Username:')
        tn.write(username.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
        tn.read_until(b'Password:')
        tn.write(password.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
        index,obj,out = tn.expect([b'Info',b'Error'],timeout=1)

        if index == 0:
            print('已登录交换机' + host)
        elif index == 1:
            print('用户名或密码错误' + host)
            AuthenFail.append(host)
        else:
            pass

        commands.seek(0)
        for command in commands.readlines():
            tn.write(command.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
        time.sleep(2)
        output = (tn.read_very_eager()).decode('ascii')
        print(output)
        tn.close()
    except:
        print('连接异常的主机是：' + host)
        ConnectError.append(host)
print('-'*100)
print('连接异常的交换机统计如下：')

print(ConnectError)
print('-'*100)
print('认证失败的主机统计如下：')
print(AuthenFail)

8.Telnetlib案例6：封装成函数解决个例

将telnetlib封装成函数，方便小规模灵活应用，便于调用。同时增加input输入用户名和密码。允许部分交换机用户名和密码不同。

import telnetlib
import time

hosts = open('host.txt', 'r')
username = 'admin'
password = 'Huawei@123'
commands = open('commands.txt', 'r')
ConnectError = []
AuthenFail = []

for host in hosts.readlines():
    try:
        #干掉回车或空格
        host = host.strip()
        tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host)
        tn.read_until(b'Username:')
        tn.write(username.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
        tn.read_until(b'Password:')
        tn.write(password.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
        index,obj,out = tn.expect([b'Info',b'Error'],timeout=1)

        if index == 0:
            print('已登录交换机' + host)
        elif index == 1:
            print('用户名或密码错误' + host)
            AuthenFail.append(host)
        else:
            pass

        commands.seek(0)    #每行读时，光标放到最前面
        for command in commands.readlines():
            tn.write(command.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
        time.sleep(2)
        output = (tn.read_very_eager()).decode('ascii')
        print(output)
        tn.close()
    except:
        print('连接异常的主机是：' + host)
        ConnectError.append(host)
print('-'*100)
print('连接异常的交换机统计如下：')

print(ConnectError)
print('-'*100)
print('认证失败的主机统计如下：')
print(AuthenFail)