ORACLE实例管理之数据库启动阶段

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jackyliguo 2011-10-20 20:24:38 博主文章分类：Oracle学习 ©著作权

文章标签 oracle 职场休闲 ORACLE启动 ORACLE实例管理 文章分类 数据库

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4.2.    数据库启动阶段
4.2.1.    Nomount阶段
nomount: 读取参数文件，分配内存SGA，启动后台进程，（实例的启动）
          如果控制文件损坏，只能启动到该状态进行控制文件的修复

SQL> startup nomount
        ORACLE instance started.

        Total System Global Area 448790528 bytes
        Fixed Size                  1249488 bytes
        Variable Size              96472880 bytes
        Database Buffers          343932928 bytes
        Redo Buffers                7135232 bytes


        SQL> select PID,SPID,USERNAME,TERMINAL,PROGRAM,BACKGROUND from v$process;

        PID SPID         USERNAME        TERMINAL         PROGRAM                B
        ---- ------------ --------------- ---------------- --------------------------

           1                                               PSEUDO
           2 3616         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (PMON)      1
           3 204          SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (PSP0)      1
           4 3884         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (MMAN)      1
           5 1736         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (DBW0)      1
           6 1508         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (LGWR)      1
           7 3116         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (CKPT)      1
           8 3432         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (SMON)      1
           9 1244         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (RECO)      1
        10 1308         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (CJQ0)      1
        11 3628         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (MMON)      1
        12 3592         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (MMNL)      1
        13 2436         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (D000)
        14 512          SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (S000)
        15 3820         SYSTEM          UNIQUE           ORACLE.EXE (SHAD)

        15 rows selected.


        SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
                select open_mode from v$database
                                      *
                ERROR at line 1:
                ORA-01507: database not mounted

4.2.2.    MOUNT阶段
mount:   打开数据库的控制文件，要求数据库的控制文件必须可访问，定位数据文件和日志文件的位置
如果数据库的数据文件和日志文件损坏了，控制文件良好，只能启动到该状态，进行数据库的数据文件和日志文件的恢复。


SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 448790528 bytes
Fixed Size                  1249488 bytes
Variable Size              96472880 bytes
Database Buffers          343932928 bytes
Redo Buffers                7135232 bytes
Database mounted.

SQL> show parameter control

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time        integer     7
control_files                        string      D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADA
                                                 TA\ORCL\CONTROL01.CTL, D:\ORAC
                                                 LE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL
                                                 \CONTROL02.CTL, D:\ORACLE\PROD
                                                 UCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\CONTRO
                                                 L03.CTL
SQL>
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
----------
MOUNTED

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------
D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\TBS1.DBF

SQL> select * from v$logfile;
rows will be truncated


    GROUP# STATUS TYPE    MEMBER
---------- ------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------
         1         ONLINE D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG
         2         ONLINE D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG
         3         ONLINE D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO03.LOG

4.2.3.    OPEN状态
保持数据库所有文件处于打开状态

4.2.4.    数据库报警日志文件
报警日志文件名：alert_<sid>.log

文件位置：background_dump_dest
SQL> show parameter dump

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
background_core_dump                 string      partial
background_dump_dest                 string      D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ADMIN
                                                 \ORCL\BDUMP
core_dump_dest                       string      D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ADMIN
                                                 \ORCL\CDUMP
max_dump_file_size                   string      UNLIMITED
shadow_core_dump                     string      partial
user_dump_dest                       string      D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ADMIN
                                                 \ORCL\UDUMP
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

数据库已更改。

SQL>

Alert文件内容：
1)    上一次启动读取的非默认的数据库参数
2)    All internal errors (ORA-600), block corruption errors (ORA-1578), and deadlock errors (ORA-60) that occurred
3)    Administrative operations, such as the SQL statements CREATE, ALTER, DROP DATABASE
4)    SQL*Plus statements STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, ARCHIVE LOG, and RECOVER
5)    Errors during the automatic refresh of a materialized view