一步一步利用django创建博客应用(二)

为博客添加分页

创建分页视图 views.py

def post_list(request):
    # posts = Post.published.all()
    # return render(request, 'blog/post/list.html', {'posts':posts}
    object_list = Post.published.all()
    paginator = Paginator(object_list, 3)  # 每页3条记录
    page = request.GET.get('page')
    try:
        posts = paginator.page(page)
    except PageNotAnInteger:
        posts = paginator.page(1)
    except EmptyPage:
        posts = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
    return render(request, 'blog/post/list.html', {'page': page, 'posts':posts})

创建分页模板  pagination.html

<div class="pagination">
    <span class="step-links">
        {% if page.has_previous %}
            <a href="?page={{ page.previous_page_number }}">Previous</a>
        {% endif %}
        <span class="current">
            Page {{ page.number }} of {{ page.paginator.num_pages }}.
        </span>
        {% if page.has_next %}
            <a href="?page={{ page.next_page_number }}">Next</a>
        {% endif %}
    </span>
</div>

在list.html包含分页模板 注：posts是Page对象

{% include "pagination.html" with page=posts%}

打开首页 查看

在post页面 添加邮件分享

创建forms.py

from django import forms

class EmailPostForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=25)
    email = forms.EmailField()
    to = forms.EmailField()
    comments = forms.CharField(required=False, widget=forms.Textarea)

创建处理form的视图

def post_share(request, post_id):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, id=post_id, status='published')

    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = EmailPostForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            cd = form.cleaned_data
            # send_email....
    else:
        form = EmailPostForm()
    return render(request, 'blog/post/share.html', {'post': post, 'form':form})

使用django发送邮件

在setting.py文件中设置smtp服务器参数

EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.163.com'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '[e-mail]'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'XXXXXXXXX'
EMAIL_PORT = 25

在上面视图中 添加邮件功能

post_url = request.build_absolute_uri(post.get_absolute_url())
subject = '{}({}) recommends you reading "{}"'.format(cd['name'], cd['email'], post.title)
message = 'Read "{}" at {}\n\n{}\'s comments {}'.format(post.title, post_url, cd['name'], cd['comments'])
send_mail(subject, message, '[e-mail]', [cd['to']])
sent = True

为视图添加url映射

url(r'(?P<post_id>\d+)/share/$', views.post_share, name='post_share'),

为视图添加新模板

{% extends "blog/base.html" %}
{% block title %}Share a post{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    {% if sent %}
        <h1>E-mail successfully sent</h1>
        <p>
            "{{ post.title }}" was successfully sent!
        </p>
    {% else %}
        <h1>Share "{{ post.title }}" by e-mail </h1>
        <form action="." method="POST">
            {{ form.as_p }}
            {% csrf_token %}
            <input type="submit" value="Send e-mail">
        </form>
    {% endif %}
{% endblock %}

在detail.html中添加share的连接

<p>
    <a href="{% url "blog:post_share" post.id %}">Share this post</a>
</p>

完成之后打开share页面，显示

下面创建一个评论系统

首先为评论 添加数据模型

class Comment(models.Model):
    post = models.ForeignKey(Post,related_name='comments')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=80)
    email = models.EmailField()
    body = models.TextField()
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    active = models.BooleanField(default=True)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('created',)

    def __str__(self):
        return 'Comment by {} on {}'.format(self.name, self.post)

同步模型到数据库

在admin 注册 模型

为新模型创建form

class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Comment
        fields = ('name', 'email', 'body')

添加处理form的视图

编辑post_detail视图

comments  = post.comments.filter(active=True)
if request.method == 'POST':
    comment_form = CommentForm(data=request.POST)
    if comment_form.is_valid():
        new_comment = comment_form.save(commit=False)
        new_comment.post = post
        new_comment.save()
else:
    comment_form = CommentForm()

return render(request, 'blog/post/detail.html', {'post':post,
                                                 'comments':comments,
                                                 'comment_form':comment_form
                                                 })

在detail.html模版中添加评论

{% with comments.count as total_comments %}
    <h2>{{ total_comments }} comment{{ total_comments | pluralize }}</h2>
{% endwith %}
{% for comment in comments %}
    <div class="comment">
        <p class="info">
        Comment {{ forloop.counter }} by {{ comment.name }}
        {{ comment.created }}
        </p>
        {{ comment.body | linebreaks }}
    </div>
{% empty %}
    <p>There are no comments yet.</p>
{% endfor %}
{% if new_comment %}
    <h2>Your comment has been added.</h2>
{% else %}
    <h2>Add a new comment</h2>
    <form action="." method="POST">
        {{ comment_form.as_p }}
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p><input type="submit" value="Add comment"></p>
    </form>
{% endif %}

打开浏览器 显示

第二天结束