环境Windows 7
pycharm +Django1.8 + python3.5
配置环境 此处省略10000字...
项目源码文件在附件
博客实现功能如下:
通过邮件分享博客
博客评论系统
支持标签功能
支持相似文章推荐
支持站点地图
支持RSS订阅
支持搜索引擎功能
首页预览图
后台预览图
创建项目
django-admin startproject mysite
初始化数据库
python manage.py migrate
启动开发服务器
python manage.py runserver
打开浏览器查看 http://127.0.0.1:8000/
下面表示django正常运行
如果需要在其他端口运行，执行
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8001
修改setting.py文件
Asia/Shangha
创建一个应用
python manage.py startapp blog
设计博客的数据模型
编辑blog下面的models.py文件
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class Post(models.Model):
STATUS_CHOICES = (
('draft', 'Draft'),
('published', 'Published'),
)
title = models.CharField(max_length=250)
slug = models.SlugField(max_length=250, unique_for_date='publish') # slug 表示短标题
# 这里的unique_for_date 表示publish 和 slug 一起限定post，不能有2个都同样的post，即有可能slug是一样的
author = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='blog_posts')
# related_name 关联对象反向查找源对象 即User.post_set.all() 也可以 换成 User.blog_posts.all()
body = models.TextField()
publish = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) # 创建对象的时候自动添加时间 只运行一次
updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) # 保存对象的时候，自动更新， 可以执行多次
status = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default='draft')
class Meta:
ordering = ('-publish',) # 指定查询数据库的结果降序
def __str__(self):
return self.title # django管理站点显示对象的表示激活应用，在setting.py INSTALLED_APPS中添加blog
创建应用迁移
python manage.py makemigrations blog
python manage.py migrate
为你的模型创建管理站点
创建一个超级用户
python manage.py createsuperuser
打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/ 显示
注册post模型修改admin.py
from django.contrib import admin from .models import Post admin.site.register(Post)
自定义模型后台展示 修改admin.py
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title', 'slug', 'author', 'publish', 'status')
list_filter = ('status', 'created', 'publish', 'author')
search_fields = ('title', 'body')
prepopulated_fields = {'slug': ('title', )} # 使用title 预填充
raw_id_fields = ('author',)
date_hierarchy = 'publish'
ordering = ['status', 'publish']
admin.site.register(Post,PostAdmin)打开后台post 显示
创建模型管理器 models.py
添加管理器类
class PublishedManager(models.Manager): def get_queryset(self): return super(PublishedManager, self).get_queryset().filter(status='published')
在模型中使用
published = PublishedManager()
创建列表和详细视图 views.py
def post_list(request):
posts = Post.published.all()
return render(request, 'blog/post/list.html', {'posts':posts})
def post_detail(request, year, month, day, post):
post = get_object_or_404(Post, slug=post,
status='published',
publish__year=year,
publish__month=month,
publish__day=day)
return render(request, 'blog/post/detail.html', {'post':post})为你的视图添加url,urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.post_list, name='post_list'),
url(r'^(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})/(?P<day>\d{2})/(?P<post>[-\w]+)/$',
views.post_detail, name='post_detail'),
]映射urls.py到主urls，urls.py
url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls',
namespace='blog',
app_name='blog'
))构建post的绝对url，在模板中会用到 models.py
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse('blog:post_detail',
args=[
self.publish.year,
self.publish.strftime('%m'),
self.publish.strftime('%d'), # 添加前面的0
self.slug
])为视图创建模板
创建模板目录结构
编辑base.html
{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
<link href="{% static "css/blog.css" %}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div id="content">
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
</div>
<div id="sidebar">
<h2>My blog</h2>
<p>This is my blog</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>list.html
{% extends "blog/base.html" %}
{% block title %}My Blog%{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>My Blog</h1>
{% for post in posts %}
<h2>
<a href="{{ post.get_absolute_url }}">{{ post.title }}</a>
</h2>
<p class="date">
Published {{ post.publish }} by {{ post.author }}
</p>
{{ post.body | truncatewords:30 | linebreaks }}
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}访问首页显示
detail.html
{% extends "blog/base.html" %}
{% block title %}{{ post.title }}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>{{ post.title }}</h1>
<p class="date">
Published {{ post.publish }} by {{ post.author }}
</p>
{{ post.body | linebreaks }}
{% endblock %}访问post页显示
第一天结束
