bonding Module Directives

Before finalizing the settings for the bonding module, it is a good idea to test which settings work best. To do this, open a shell prompt as root and type: 
tail -f /var/log/messages
Open another shell prompt and use the /sbin/insmod command to load the bonding module with different parameters while observing the kernel messages for errors.
The /sbin/insmod command is issued in the following format: 
/sbin/insmod bond<N> <parameter=value>
Replace <N> with the number for the bonding interface. Replace <parameter=value> with a space separated list of desired parameters for the interface.
Once satisfied that there are no errors and after verifying the performance of the bonding interface, add the appropriate bonding module parameters to /etc/modules.conf.
The following is a list of available parameters for the bonding module:
  • mode= — Specifies one of four policies allowed for the bonding module. Acceptable values for this parameter are:
    • 0 — Sets a round-robin policy for fault tolerance and load balancing. Transmissions are received and sent out sequentially on each bonded slave interface beginning with the first one available.
    • 1 — Sets an active-backup policy for fault tolerance. Transmissions are received and sent out via the first available bonded slave interface. Another bonded slave interface is only used if the active bonded slave interface fails.
    • 2 — Sets an XOR (exclusive-or) policy for fault tolerance and load balancing. Using this method the interface matches up the incoming request's MAC address with the MAC address for one of the slave NICs. Once this link is established, transmissions are sent out sequentially beginning with the first available interface.
    • 3 — Sets a round-robin policy for fault tolerance and load balancing. Transmissions are send out sequentially on each bonded slave interface beginning with the first one available.
  • miimon= — Specifies (in milliseconds) how often MII link monitoring occurs. This is useful if high availability is required because MII is used to verify that the NIC is active. To verify that the driver for a particular NIC supports the MII tool, type the following command as root: 
    ethtool <interface-name> | grep "Link detected:"
    In this command, replace <interface-name> with the name of the device interface, such as eth0, not the a bond interface. If MII is supported, the command returns: 
    Link detected: yes
    If using a bonded interface for high availability, the module for each NIC must support MII.
    Setting the value to 0 (the default), turns this feature off. When configuring this setting, a good starting point for this parameter is 100.
  • downdelay= — Specifies (in milliseconds) how long to wait after link failure before disabling the link. The value must be a multiple of the value specified in the miimon parameter. The value is set to 0 by default, which disables it.
  • updelay= — Specifies (in milliseconds) how long to wait before enabling a link. The value must be a multiple of the value specified in the miimon parameter. The value is set to 0 by default, which disables it.
  • arp_interval= — Specifies (in milliseconds) how often ARP monitoring occurs.
    If using this setting while in mode 0 or 2 (the two load-balancing modes) the network switch must be configured to distribute packets evenly across the NICs. For more information on how to accomplish this, refer to /usr/src/linux-2.4/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt[1].
    The value is set to 0 by default, which disables it.
  • arp_ip_target= — Specifies the target IP address of ARP requests when the arp_interval parameter is enabled. Up to 16 IP addresses can be specified in a comma separated list.
  • primary= — Specifies the interface name, such as eth0, of the primary device. The primary device is the first of the bonding interfaces to be used and is not abandoned unless it fails. This setting is particularly useful when one NIC in the bonding interface is faster and, therefore, able to handle a bigger load.
    This setting is only valid when the bonding interface is in active-backup mode. Refer to /usr/src/linux-2.4/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt[1] for more information.
  • multicast= — Specifies an integer value for the type of multicast support desired.
    Acceptable values for this parameter are:
    • 0 — Disables multicast support.
    • 1 — Enables multicast support, but only on the active slave.
    • 2 — Enables multicast support on all slaves (the default).
bonding Module Directives_bondingImportant
 
It is essential that either the arp_interval and arp_ip_target or miimon parameters are specified. Failure to due so can cause degradation of network performance in the event a link fails.
Refer to /usr/src/linux-2.4/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt[1] for detailed instructions regarding bonding interfaces.

Notes

[1]
This document is installed with the kernel-source package.