1.1.RPM软件包管理
1)查询是否安装firefox和setup
[root@localhostyum.repos.d]# rpm -q firefox setup
firefox-10.0.11-1.el5_8
firefox-10.0.11-1.el5_8
setup-2.5.58-9.el5
2)查询是否安装ftp相关的软件包，查询安装软件中以vim开头的软件
[root@localhost~]# rpm -q ftp
ftp-0.17-38.el5
[root@localhost~]# rpm -qa vim*
vim-common-7.0.109-7.2.el5
vim-enhanced-7.0.109-7.2.el5
vim-minimal-7.0.109-7.2.el5
3)查询所有已安装的软件包
[root@localhost~]# rpm -qa | more
termcap-5.5-1.20060701.1
chkconfig-1.3.30.2-2.el5
audit-libs-1.8-2.el5
libpng-1.2.10-17.el5_8
...
tk-8.4.13-5.el5_1.1
libXxf86dga-1.0.1-3.1
--More--
4)查询firefox的详细信息
[root@localhost~]# rpm -qi firefox
Name : firefox Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 10.0.11 Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.
Release : 1.el5_8 Build Date: 2012年11月17日星期六 07时30分25秒
InstallDate: 2013年10月11日星期五 16时20分26秒
...
Summary : Mozilla Firefox 网页浏览器。
Description:
MozillaFirefox 是一个开源的万维网浏览器，它的设计目的是服从标准、高性能、和可移植性。
5)查询firefox安装到什么地方了
[root@localhost~]# rpm -ql firefox | more
/usr/bin/firefox
/usr/lib/firefox
...
/usr/lib/firefox/extensions/{972ce4c6-7e08-4474-a285-3208198ce6fd}/preview.png
/usr/lib/firefox/firefox
/usr/lib/firefox/icons
--More--
6)查询setup安装到/etc下的文件
[root@localhost~]# rpm -qc setup
/etc/aliases
/etc/bashrc
/etc/filesystems
...
/etc/protocols
/etc/shells
7)查询/etc/passwd是那个软件包产生的
[root@localhost~]# rpm -qf /etc/passwd
setup-2.5.58-9.el5
8)挂载5.9DVD光盘到/media下
//先查看光盘是否已经挂载
[root@localhost~]# mount | tail -n 1
/dev/hdcon /media type iso9660 (ro)
//已挂载，卸载光盘
[root@localhost~]# umount /media
//确认已经卸载
[root@localhost~]# mount | tail -n 1
sunrpcon /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
//挂载光盘
[root@localhost~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
mount:block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
//确认挂载成功
[root@localhost~]# mount | tail -n 1
/dev/hdcon /media type iso9660 (ro)
9)查询dvd光盘中vsftpd这个软件包的详细信息
//进入光盘目录
[root@localhost~]# cd /media/Server/
//找出vsftpd的安装包名
[root@localhostServer]# ls | grep vsftpd
vsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.x86_64.rpm
//查看详细信息
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -qpivsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.x86_64.rpm
Name : vsftpd Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 2.0.5 Vendor: Red Hat,Inc.
Release : 28.el5 Build Date: 2012年09月25日星期二 20时38分52秒
InstallDate: (not installed) BuildHost: x86-022.build.eng.bos.redhat.com
Group :System Environment/Daemons Source RPM:vsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.src.rpm
Size : 293689 License: GPL
Signature : DSA/SHA1, 2012年10月09日星期二 14时26分26秒, Key ID5326810137017186
Packager : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>
URL : http://vsftpd.beasts.org/
Summary : vsftpd - 非常安全 Ftp 守护进程
Description:
vsftpd是一个非常安全 FTP 守护进程。它是完全从零开始
编写的。
10)查询dvd光盘中vsftpd这个软件包安装的话会安装到什么地方，可执行程序会安装到哪里去
//查看安装位置
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -qpl vsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.x86_64.rpm
//查看可执行程序
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -qplvsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.x86_64.rpm | grep bin
/usr/sbin/vsftpd
11)查询bash这个软件包安装的文件是否被改动
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -V bash
[root@localhostServer]#
//没有改动
12)查询/etc/passwd这个文件有没改动
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -Vf /etc/passwd
S.5....T c /etc/printcap
//该文件未改动，但同源文件printcap被改动
13)列出系统中在RPM安装后改动过的所有文件
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -Va
SM5....T /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/vmware_drv.so
.M...... /media
...
14)导入RPM公钥文件
[root@localhostServer]#
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
15)测试vsftpd是否可以安装
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -ivhvsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.x86_64.rpm --test
Preparing... ###########################################[100%]
package vsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.x86_64 isalready installed
//确认只是测试，没有安装
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -q vsftpd
packagevsftpd is not installed
16)以#号显示安装进度并显示细节信息安装vsftpd
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -ivhvsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ###########################################[100%]
1:vsftpd ###########################################[100%]
//确认安装成功
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -q vsftpd
vsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5
17)查找vi、vim的位置，然后删除vi，vim程序，用rpm重装进行恢复
//查看vi，vim位置
[root@localhostServer]# which vi vim
/bin/vi
/usr/bin/vim
//删除vi,vim程序
[root@localhostServer]# rm -rf /bin/vi /usr/bin/vim
//确认删除成功
[root@localhostServer]# vim /etc/passwd
bash:vim: command not found
//查找安装包名
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -qf /bin/vi /usr/bin/vim
vim-minimal-7.0.109-7.2.el5
vim-enhanced-7.0.109-7.2.el5
//到光盘Server确认安装包是否存在
[root@localhostServer]# ls *vim*
vim-common-7.0.109-7.2.el5.x86_64.rpm vim-minimal-7.0.109-7.2.el5.x86_64.rpm
vim-enhanced-7.0.109-7.2.el5.x86_64.rpm vim-X11-7.0.109-7.2.el5.x86_64.rpm
//强制安装恢复
[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh vim-minimal-7.0.109-7.2.el5.x86_64.rpmvim-enhanced-7.0.109-7.2.el5.x86_64.rpm --force
Preparing... ###########################################[100%]
1:vim-enhanced ###########################################[ 50%]
2:vim-minimal ###########################################[100%]
//确认恢复成功
[root@localhostServer]# vim /etc/passwd
18)卸载vsftpd
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -e vsftpd
//确认卸载成功
[root@localhostServer]# rpm -q vsftpd
packagevsftpd is not installed
1.2.配置YUM库及更新操作
1)安装gcc
//卸载光盘
[root@localhost~]# umount /dev/cdrom
//确认卸载成功
[root@localhost~]# mount | tail -n 1
sunrpcon /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
//手工挂载光盘
[root@localhost~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
mount:block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
//确认挂载成功
[root@localhost~]# mount | tail -n 1
/dev/hdcon /media type iso9660 (ro)
//进入配置文件目录
[root@localhost~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhostyum.repos.d]# ls
rhel-debuginfo.repo
//复制配置模版
[root@localhostyum.repos.d]# cp rhel-debuginfo.reporhel5.9.repo
//确认复制成功
[root@localhostyum.repos.d]# ls
rhel5.9.repo rhel-debuginfo.repo
//修改复制的配置文件
[root@localhostyum.repos.d]# vim rhel5.9.repo
//内容如下
[rhel5.9]
name=Liunx RedHat 5.9
baseurl=file:///media/Server/
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
//确认yum库配置正确
[root@localhost~]# yum list | head
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
InstalledPackages
...
installed
GConf2.i386 2.14.0-9.el5 installed
GConf2.x86_64 2.14.0-9.el5 installed
MAKEDEV.x86_64 3.23-1.2 installed
NetworkManager.i386 1:0.7.0-13.el5 installed
//确认gcc未安装
[root@localhost~]# rpm -q gcc
packagegcc is not installed
//安装gcc
[root@localhost~]# yum -y install gcc
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
Settingup Install Process
ResolvingDependencies
...
Complete!
//确认安装成功
[root@localhost~]# rpm -q gcc
gcc-4.1.2-54.el5
2)卸载vim-common
[root@localhost~]# yum -y remove vim-common
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
Settingup Remove Process
ResolvingDependencies
...
Complete!
//确认卸载成功
[root@localhost~]# rpm -q vim-common
packagevsftpd is not installed
3)安装vim-enhanced
[root@localhost~]# yum -y install vim-enhanced
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
Settingup Install Process
ResolvingDependencies
...
Complete!
//确认安装成功
[root@localhost~]# rpm -q vim-enhanced
vim-enhanced-7.0.109-7.2.el5
4)查看软件包列表
[root@localhost~]# yum list | head
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
InstalledPackages
Deployment_Guide-en-US.noarch 5.8-1.el5 installed
Deployment_Guide-zh-CN.noarch 5.8-1.el5 installed
Deployment_Guide-zh-TW.noarch 5.8-1.el5 installed
GConf2.i386 2.14.0-9.el5 installed
GConf2.x86_64 2.14.0-9.el5 installed
MAKEDEV.x86_64 3.23-1.2 installed
NetworkManager.i386 1:0.7.0-13.el5 installed
5)查看vsftpd的说明信息
[root@localhost~]# yum info vsftpd
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
AvailablePackages
Name : vsftpd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 2.0.5
Release : 28.el5
Size : 143 k
Repo : rhel5.9
Summary : vsftpd - 非常安全 Ftp 守护进程
URL : http://vsftpd.beasts.org/
License : GPL
Description:vsftpd 是一个非常安全 FTP 守护进程。它是完全从零开始
: 编写的。
6)安装vsftpd
//确认vsftpd未安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qd vsftpd
packagevsftpd is not installed
//安装vsftpd
[root@localhost~]# yum -y install vsftpd
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
Settingup Install Process
ResolvingDependencies
...
Complete!
7)卸载vsftpd
[root@localhost~]# yum -y remove vsftpd
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
Settingup Remove Process
ResolvingDependencies
...
Complete!
8)查看软件组列表
[root@localhost~]# yum grouplist | head
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
Settingup Group Process
InstalledGroups:
GNOME 桌面环境
X 窗口系统
办公/生产率
图形化互联网
基于文本的互联网
打印支持
9)查看软件组DNS名称服务器的说明信息
[root@localhost~]# yum groupinfo "DNS 名称服务器"
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
Settingup Group Process
Group:DNS 名称服务器
Description: 该软件包组允许您在系统上运行 DNS 名称服务器(BIND)。
Mandatory Packages:
bind
Default Packages:
bind-chroot
10)安装DNS名称服务器软件组
[root@localhost~]# yum -y groupinstall "DNS 名称服务器"
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
Settingup Group Process
ResolvingDependencies
...
Complete!
11)卸载DNS名称服务器软件组
[root@localhost~]# yum -y groupremove "DNS 名称服务器"
Loadedplugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Thissystem is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can usesubscription-manager to register.
Settingup Group Process
ResolvingDependencies
...
Complete!
1.3.源码包的编译安装
安装httpd，并启动服务
//安装编译环境
[root@localhostyum.repos.d]# yum grouplist
[root@localhostyum.repos.d]# yum -y groupinstall "开发工具" " 开发库"
//将源码包文件手动放置到桌面
[root@localhostDesktop]# cd /root/Desktop/
[root@localhostDesktop]# cd tools/
[root@localhost tools]# ls
AdobeReader_chs-8.1.2-1.i486.tar.gz LibreOffice_4.1.1.2_Linux_x86-64_rpm.tar.gz
aria2-1.17.1.tar.gz linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm
Firefox-latest.tar.bz2 RealPlayer11GOLD.rpm
httpd-2.2.25.tar.gz webmin-1.630.tar.gz
//解压缩tar包到/usr/src
[root@localhost tools]# tar -zxf httpd-2.2.25.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
//进入目录，配置安装路径
[root@localhost tools]#cd /usr/src/httpd-2.2.25/
[root@localhosthttpd-2.2.25]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
//编译
[root@localhosthttpd-2.2.25]# make
//安装
[root@localhosthttpd-2.2.25]# make install
//开启apache服务
[root@localhosthttpd-2.2.25]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
[root@localhosthttpd-2.2.25]#
//用浏览器验证安装成功
