h3c设备rip协议的典型应用

原创

再别combridge 2012-06-05 00:02:32 博主文章分类：H3C网络课程 ©著作权

文章标签 路由器 rip 因特网动态 文章分类 网络安全

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rip协议的使用

路由信息协议（RIP）

常见的协议的分类：动态的和静态的。

内部网关协议（igp)：rip igrp eigrp ospf is-is

外部网关协议(egp)：bgp4

RIP是一种分布式的基于距离向量的路由选择协议，是因特网的标准协议，其最大的优点就是简单。RIP协议将“距离”定义为：从一路由器到直接连接的网络的距离定义为1。从一路由器到非直接连接的网络的距离定义为每经过一个路由器则距离加1。“距离”也成为“跳数”。RIP允许一条路径最多只能包含15个路由器，因此，距离等于16时即为不可达。

rip协议使用udp的520端口进行消息的交流。

rip的特点：

1：周期更新时间30s

2：采用的是广播（v1 版本广播，v2版本 224.0.0.9）

3：适合较小规模的网络

4：属于等代价的负载均衡默认的最大的条数为4条，最大的为6条。

5：计算metric值（最大的条数为16跳）

解决路由环路的机制

a,最大跳 16
b,水平分割
c,路由毒化
d,毒性逆转
e，触发更新抑制计时器180

案例一：

[R1]dis cu
interface Ethernet1
    loopback
    ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
    clock DTECLK1
    link-protocol ppp
    ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1
    link-protocol ppp
    ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
!
rip
    network 192.168.5.0
    network 192.168.4.0
    network 192.168.1.0
!
quit
!
return

[R1]dis ip rou
Routing Tables:
Destination/Mask Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/24 Direct    0         0      192.168.1.1 Ethernet1
    192.168.1.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.2.0/24     RIP 100         1      192.168.4.2 Serial0
    192.168.3.0/24     RIP 100         1      192.168.5.2 Serial1
    192.168.4.0/24 Direct    0         0      192.168.4.2 Serial0
    192.168.4.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.4.2/32 Direct    0         0      192.168.4.2 Serial0
    192.168.5.0/24 Direct    0         0      192.168.5.2 Serial1
    192.168.5.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.5.2/32 Direct    0         0      192.168.5.2 Serial1

[r2]dis cu
   interface Ethernet1
    loopback
    ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
    link-protocol ppp
    ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1
    link-protocol ppp
!
   rip
    network 192.168.4.0
    network 192.168.2.0
!
quit
!
return

[r2]dis ip rou
Routing Tables:
Destination/Mask Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/24     RIP 100         1      192.168.4.1 Serial0
    192.168.2.0/24 Direct    0         0      192.168.2.1 Ethernet1
    192.168.2.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.3.0/24     RIP 100         2      192.168.4.1 Serial0
    192.168.4.0/24 Direct    0         0      192.168.4.1 Serial0
    192.168.4.1/32 Direct    0         0      192.168.4.1 Serial0
    192.168.4.2/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.5.0/24     RIP 100         1      192.168.4.1 Serial0

[r3]dis cu
    interface Ethernet1
    loopback
    ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Serial1
    clock DTECLK1
    link-protocol ppp
    ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0
!
quit
rip
    network 192.168.5.0
    network 192.168.3.0
!
quit
!
return

[r3]dis ip rou
Routing Tables:
Destination/Mask Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/24     RIP 100         1      192.168.5.1 Serial1
    192.168.2.0/24     RIP 100         2      192.168.5.1 Serial1
    192.168.3.0/24 Direct    0         0      192.168.3.1 Ethernet1
    192.168.3.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.4.0/24     RIP 100         1      192.168.5.1 Serial1
    192.168.5.0/24 Direct    0         0      192.168.5.1 Serial1
    192.168.5.1/32 Direct    0         0      192.168.5.1 Serial1
    192.168.5.2/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
[r3] info center console

[r3]debu rip p
Enable Rip packet debugging functions
[r3]

   RIP:receive Response from 192.168.5.1(Serial1)
Packet:vers 1, cmd Response, length 64
         dest 192.168.4.0,Metric 1
         dest 192.168.2.0,Metric 2
         dest 192.168.1.0,Metric 1 对于从r1路由器s1发布出去的路由直连的增加metric1,非直连的增加metric2

RIP: send from 192.168.3.1 to 255.255.255.255(Ethernet1)
Packet:vers 1, cmd Response, length 84
         dest 192.168.4.0,Metric 2
         dest 192.168.2.0,Metric 3
         dest 192.168.1.0,Metric 2
         dest 192.168.5.0,Metric 1

RIP: send from 192.168.5.2 to 255.255.255.255(Serial1)
Packet:vers 1, cmd Response, length 24
dest 192.168.3.0,Metric 1 在这里我们看到从s1上面只发布了3.0网段的信息，说明从r1学习到的路由并没有重新的反回给r1，水平分割起了作用。

   RIP:receive Response from 192.168.5.1(Serial1)
Packet:vers 1, cmd Response, length 64
         dest 192.168.4.0,Metric 1
         dest 192.168.2.0,Metric 2
         dest 192.168.1.0,Metric 1

RIP: send from 192.168.5.2 to 255.255.255.255(Serial1)
Packet:vers 1, cmd Response, length 24
dest 192.168.3.0,Metric 1undo debugging all
All debugging has been disabled

案例二：

简介：定长的连续的子网掩码

[r1]dis cu
Now create configuration...
Current configuration
!
    version 1.74
    sysname r1
    undo pos-server addr-switch
    firewall enable
    aaa-enable
    aaa accounting-scheme optional
!
controller e1 0
!
interface Aux0
    async mode flow
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Ethernet0
!
interface Ethernet1
    loopback
    ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.224
!
interface Serial0
    clock DTECLK1
    link-protocol ppp
    ip address 192.168.1.33 255.255.255.224
!
interface Serial1
    link-protocol ppp
    ip address 192.168.1.65 255.255.255.224
!
interface Async0
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async1
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async2
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async3
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async4
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async5
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async6
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async7
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async8
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async9
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async10
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async11
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async12
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async13
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async14
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async15
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
quit
rip
    network 192.168.1.0
!
quit
!
return

[r1]dis ip rou
Routing Tables:
Destination/Mask Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/27 Direct    0         0      192.168.1.1 Ethernet1
    192.168.1.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
   192.168.1.32/27 Direct    0         0     192.168.1.34 Serial0
   192.168.1.33/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
   192.168.1.34/32 Direct    0         0     192.168.1.34 Serial0
   192.168.1.64/27 Direct    0         0     192.168.1.66 Serial1
   192.168.1.65/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
   192.168.1.66/32 Direct    0         0     192.168.1.66 Serial1
   192.168.1.96/27     RIP 100         1     192.168.1.34 Serial0
192.168.1.128/27     RIP 100         1     192.168.1.66 Serial1

[r2]dis cu
Now create configuration...
Current configuration
!
    version 1.74
    sysname r2
    undo pos-server addr-switch
    firewall enable
    aaa-enable
    aaa accounting-scheme optional
!
interface Aux0
    async mode flow
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Ethernet0
!
interface Ethernet1
    loopback
   ip address 192.168.1.97 255.255.255.224
!
interface Serial0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.1.34 255.255.255.224
!
interface Serial1
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async0
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async1
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async2
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async3
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async4
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async5
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async6
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async7
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async8
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async9
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async10
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async11
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async12
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async13
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async14
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Async15
    physical-mode async
    async mode protocol
    link-protocol ppp
!
quit
rip
    network 192.168.1.0
!
quit
!
return

[r2]dis ip rou
Routing Tables:
Destination/Mask Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/27     RIP 100         1     192.168.1.33 Serial0
   192.168.1.32/27 Direct    0         0     192.168.1.33 Serial0
   192.168.1.33/32 Direct    0         0     192.168.1.33 Serial0
   192.168.1.34/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
   192.168.1.64/27     RIP 100         1     192.168.1.33 Serial0
   192.168.1.96/27 Direct    0         0     192.168.1.97 Ethernet1
   192.168.1.97/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
192.168.1.128/27     RIP 100         2     192.168.1.33 Serial0

[r3]dis cu
Now create configuration...
Current configuration
!
    version 1.74
    sysname r3
    firewall enable
    aaa-enable
    aaa accounting-scheme optional
!
interface Aux0
    async mode flow
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Ethernet0
!
interface Ethernet1
    loopback
    ip address 192.168.1.129 255.255.255.224
!
interface Serial0
    link-protocol ppp
!
interface Serial1
    clock DTECLK1
    link-protocol ppp
    ip address 192.168.1.66 255.255.255.224
!
quit
rip
    network 192.168.1.0
!
quit
!
return

[r3]dis ip rou
Routing Tables:
Destination/Mask Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/27     RIP 100         1     192.168.1.65 Serial1
   192.168.1.32/27     RIP 100         1     192.168.1.65 Serial1
   192.168.1.64/27 Direct    0         0     192.168.1.65 Serial1
   192.168.1.65/32 Direct    0         0     192.168.1.65 Serial1
   192.168.1.66/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
   192.168.1.96/27     RIP 100         2     192.168.1.65 Serial1
192.168.1.128/27 Direct    0         0    192.168.1.129 Ethernet1
192.168.1.129/32 Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

说明：这是一个简单的rip协议的实验，仅供参考使用！！！！

对于广域网接口，后面配置的需要进行复位才可以！！！

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