1、环境规划：
---RAC环境介绍(primary database)
           rac1       rac2
______________________________________________________
public ip                    192.168.110.11        192.168.110.12
______________________________________________________
virtual ip      192.168.110.21     192.168.110.22
_____________________________________________________
instance            racdb1          racdb2
______________________________________________________
db_name                  racdb
_______________________________________________________
storage mode                ASM
__________________________________________________
---单机环境介绍（standby database）
数据文件可放至本地， 也可以放至ASM上，本实验中先放至本地实验
__________________________________________________________________________
ip                    192.168.110.11        192.168.110.12
___________________________________________________________________________
instance              192.168.110.13(rac3)
___________________________________________________________________________
storage mode     /oradata/racdb
___________________________________________________________________________
----hosts文件
#Public Network - (eth0)
192.168.110.11   rac1
192.168.110.12   rac2
192.168.110.13   rac3
#Private Interconnect - (eth1)
10.10.10.11     rac1priv
10.10.10.12     rac2priv
#Public Virtual IP (VIP) addresses - (eth0)
192.168.110.21   rac1vip
192.168.110.22   rac2vip
--检查环境
１）、启动archivelog归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     54
Next log sequence to archive   56
Current log sequence           56
SQL> show parameter RECOVERY
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------

---
db_recovery_file_dest                string      +DG_RECOVERY
db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer 2G
recovery_parallelism                 integer     0
２）、启动FORCE_LOGGING模式
SQL> alter database FORCE LOGGING;
Database altered.
SQL> select FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;
FOR
---
YES
2、首先配置两个数据库的tnsnames.ora和listener.ora
tnsnames.ora(两台主机相同)
racdb_rac1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.110.21)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = racdb_s)
   (SERVICE_NAME = racdb1)
)
)
 
racdb_rac2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.110.22)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = racdb_s)
   (SERVICE_NAME = racdb2)
)
)
racdb_standby =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.110.13)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
    )
)


standby主机上的listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
     (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = racdb)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = racdb)
    )
     (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
    )
)
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.110.13)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

3、准备参数文件
RAC环境下的参数变化增加如下：
RAC主库:（注意使用ASM的时候，不要改变db_unique_name参数，否则之后创建的asm文

件就会放入至新的db_unique_name目录下面，导致DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT失效。）
#add below parameter for standy database
*.service_names=racdb_s
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(racdb,racdb_standby)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=

(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=racdb_standby LGWR VALID_FOR=

(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb_standby'
*.FAL_SERVER='racdb_standby'
*.STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/oradata/arch'
*.racdb1.fal_client=racdb1
*.racdb2.fal_client=racdb2
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/racdb/datafile','+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile','/

oradata/racdb/tempfile','+DG_DATA/racdb/tempfile'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/racdb/onlinelog','+DG_DATA/racdb/onlinelog'
单机备库增加以下：
*.db_name='racdb'
*.db_unique_name='racdb_standby'
*.service_names='racdb_standby'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(racdb_standby,racdb)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/oradata/arch VALID_FOR=

(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb_standby'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=racdb1 LGWR VALID_FOR=

(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/oradata/arch'
*.FAL_SERVER='racdb1','racdb2'
fal_client='racdb_standby'
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile','/oradata/racdb/datafile','+

DG_DATA/racdb/tempfile','/oradata/racdb/tempfile'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DG_DATA/racdb/onlinelog','/oradata/racdb/onlinelog'

*
racdb1.thread=1
*.undo_management='AUTO'
单机备库参数如下：
#add below parameter for standy database
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/admin/racdb/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/oracle/app/admin/racdb/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.4'
*.control_files='/oradata/racdb/datafile/racdb.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/oracle/app/admin/racdb/cdump'
*.db_block_size=16384
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='racdb'
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile','/oradata/racdb/datafile','+

DG_DATA/racdb/tempfile','/oradata/racdb/tempfile'
*.db_unique_name='racdb_standby'
fal_client='racdb_standby'
*.FAL_SERVER='racdb1','racdb2'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(racdb_standby,racdb_s)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/oradata/arch VALID_FOR=

(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb_standby'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=racdb1 LGWR VALID_FOR=

(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DG_DATA/racdb/onlinelog','/oradata/racdb/onlinelog'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=89128960
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.service_names='racdb_standby'
*.sga_target=268435456
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
racdb1.thread=1
*.undo_management='AUTO'
racdb1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/oracle/app/admin/racdb/udump'
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/oradata/arch'
5、在rac上进行备份

rman target /
backup database  format '/soft/racdb/racdbfull%u_%s_%p';
RMAN> backup database  format '/soft/racdb/racdbfull%u_%s_%p';
Starting backup at 11-JUN-10
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=127 instance=racdb1 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
including current control file in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
input datafile fno=00002 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
input datafile fno=00003 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
input datafile fno=00004 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
input datafile fno=00006 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-JUN-10
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-JUN-10
piece handle=/soft/racdb/racdbfull0elfvhv4_14_1 tag=TAG20100611T143204

comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:38
Finished backup at 11-JUN-10

将备份的文件拷到另一台备机相同目录下。
[oracle@rac1 racdb]$ ls -ls
total 498268
498268 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 509722624 Jun 11 12:10

racdbfull_0clfv9jn_12_1
[oracle@rac1 racdb]$ pwd
/soft/racdb
[oracle@rac1 racdb]$ scp racdbfull_0clfv9jn_12_1 rac3:/soft/racdb/
6、创建standby控制文件
在rac两个实例上进行几次归档。
alter system archive log current;
创建standby控制文件
alter database create standby controlfile as '/oracle/standby.ctl';
创建spfile并启动standby至nomount状态。
startup nomount;
7、利用rman创建standby数据库
rac1:
rman target / auxiliary [email=sys/sys@racdb_standby]sys/sys@racdb_standby

[/email]
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/racdb/%U' connect

[email=sys/6212327@rac1]sys/6212327@rac1[/email];
allocate channel c2 device type disk format '/soft/racdb/%U' connect

[email=sys/6212327@rac2]sys/6212327@rac2[/email];
allocate auxiliary channel ac1 device type disk format '/soft/racdb/%U';
allocate auxiliary channel ac2 device type disk format '/soft/racdb/%U';
duplicate target database for standby;
过程如下：
[oracle@rac1 racdb]$ rman target / auxiliary [email=sys/sys@racdb_standby]

sys/sys@racdb_standby[/email]
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jun 11 13:41:48 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: RACDB (DBID=716783510)
connected to auxiliary database: RACDB (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby;
Starting Duplicate Db at 11-JUN-10
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
contents of Memory Script.:
{
   restore clone standby controlfile;
   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting restore at 11-JUN-10
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
input filename=/oracle/standby.ctl
output filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/racdb.ctl
Finished restore at 11-JUN-10
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
contents of Memory Script.:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to
"/oradata/racdb/tempfile/temp.271.719166789";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile  1 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757";
   set newname for datafile  2 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777";
   set newname for datafile  3 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783";
   set newname for datafile  4 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797";
   set newname for datafile  5 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803";
   set newname for datafile  6 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf";
   restore
   check readonly
   clone database
   ;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed temporary file 1 to /oradata/racdb/tempfile/temp.271.719166789 in

control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 11-JUN-10
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
restoring datafile 00002 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
restoring datafile 00003 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
restoring datafile 00004 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
restoring datafile 00005 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
restoring datafile 00006 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece

/soft/racdb/racdbfull_0clfv9jn_12_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/soft/racdb/racdbfull_0clfv9jn_12_1 tag=TAG20100611T120926
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:39
Finished restore at 11-JUN-10
contents of Memory Script.:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=10 stamp=721116136

filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=11 stamp=721116137

filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=12 stamp=721116137

filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=13 stamp=721116137

filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=14 stamp=721116137

filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=15 stamp=721116137

filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 11-JUN-10
RMAN>
8、检查standby数据库
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
----------
MOUNTED

SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

----
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_1.266.719166749
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_2.267.719166751
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_3.274.719167937
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_4.275.719167939
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group5
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group6
6 rows selected.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

----
/oradata/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
/oradata/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
/oradata/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
/oradata/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
6 rows selected.

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

----
/oradata/racdb/tempfile/temp.271.719166789
SQL> show parameter control
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------

---
control_file_record_keep_time        integer     7
control_files                        string     

/oradata/racdb/datafile/racdb.
                                                 ctl
            
9、创建standby redo log日志。
创建原则和单实例一样，大小相等，但日志组数量要比primary数据库多一组。如之前为

6组12个，则现在要创建7组14个。

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7

'/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_7.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 8

'/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_8.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 9

'/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_9.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 10

'/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_10.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 11

'/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_11.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 12

'/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_12.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13

'/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_13.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 14

'/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_14.log' size 50M;

10、开始同步
启动MRP:
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
停止MRP:
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
11、在rac各个实例上查看日志传送情况：
col DEST_NAME format a20
select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;

DEST_NAME            STATUS    ERROR
-------------------- --------- ---------------------------------------------

--------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2   ERROR     ORA-16057: DGID from server not in Data Guard

configuration
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10  VALID
错误1:
ORA-16057: DGID from server not in Data Guard configuration
原因:主库没有设置参数log_archive_config
解决方法*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,auxdb)'
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(racdb,racdb_standby)'

scope=both;
SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_NAME            STATUS    ERROR
-------------------- --------- ---------------------------------------------

--------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1   VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2   VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9   INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10  INACTIVE
10 rows selected
---测试看日志是否传送成功。
主库：
Sql>alter system switch logfile;
Sql> select max(SEQUENCE#) from v$archived_log;
备库：
Sql> select max(SEQUENCE#) from v$archived_log;
#或者更详细的：select FIRST_TIME,NEXT_TIME, APPLIED,SEQUENCE# from

v$archived_log order by SEQUENCE#;

SELECT MAX(R.SEQUENCE#) LAST_SEQ_RECD, MAX(L.SEQUENCE#) LAST_SEQ_SENT FROM

V$ARCHIVED_LOG R, V$LOG L WHERE R.DEST_ID=2 AND   L.ARCHIVED='YES'
SELECT NAME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE THREAD#=1 AND DEST_ID=1 AND SEQUENCE#

BETWEEN 85 AND 86;

测试在RAC主库上创建一个表空间：
CREATE TABLESPACE FMISMAIN
    LOGGING
    DATAFILE '+dg_data' SIZE 20M AUTOEXTEND
    ON NEXT  10M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE
    MANAGEMENT  AUTO;

创建用户：
CREATE USER "FMISMAIN"  PROFILE "DEFAULT"
    IDENTIFIED BY "FMISMAIN" DEFAULT TABLESPACE "FMISMAIN"
    TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"
    ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT DBA TO "FMISMAIN";
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

----
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/fmismain.287.721410885

SQL> conn fmismain/fmismain
Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from xtdw3;
  COUNT(*)
----------
        30
SQL> select dh from xtdw3;
DH
--------
MAIN
0600
0601
1200
1201
0602
0100
0101
0400
0401
0500
DH
--------
0501
0700
0701
1300
1301
1800
1801
1900
1901
5100
5101
DH
--------
5300
5301
0301
0300
1500
1501
1600
1601
30 rows selected.
在两个RAC实例上分别手工执行查看结果：
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
检查rac3备库的日志传送：
[oracle@rac3 oradata]$ ls -lsR
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  4096 Jun 11 16:15 arch
16 drwxrwxrwx 2 oracle dba      16384 Jun  8 03:21 lost+found
4 drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall  4096 Jun  8 03:25 racdb
./arch:
total 4888
  36 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   36352 Jun  8 07:26 1_76_719166742.dbf
  76 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   73728 Jun  8 07:26 1_77_719166742.dbf
152 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  151040 Jun  8 07:26 1_78_719166742.dbf
168 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  165888 Jun  8 07:26 1_79_719166742.dbf
168 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  166400 Jun  8 07:51 1_80_719166742.dbf
148 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  144896 Jun  8 07:51 1_81_719166742.dbf
   4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1024 Jun  8 07:51 1_82_719166742.dbf
144 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  140288 Jun  8 07:51 1_83_719166742.dbf
   4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1024 Jun  8 07:42 1_84_719166742.dbf
  72 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   66048 Jun  8 07:47 1_85_719166742.dbf
1464 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1492992 Jun  8 08:25 1_86_719166742.dbf
  16 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   13824 Jun 11 16:15 1_87_719166742.dbf
   4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    2560 Jun 11 16:15 1_88_719166742.dbf
  24 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   23040 Jun  8 07:27 2_36_719166742.dbf
176 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  175104 Jun  8 07:27 2_37_719166742.dbf
148 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  143872 Jun  8 07:27 2_38_719166742.dbf
768 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  778752 Jun  8 07:51 2_39_719166742.dbf
152 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  149504 Jun  8 07:51 2_40_719166742.dbf
   4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1024 Jun  8 07:51 2_41_719166742.dbf
140 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  139264 Jun  8 07:43 2_42_719166742.dbf
   4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1024 Jun  8 07:42 2_43_719166742.dbf
  60 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   54272 Jun  8 07:51 2_44_719166742.dbf
948 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  963584 Jun 11 16:14 2_45_719166742.dbf
   4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    2048 Jun 11 16:15 2_46_719166742.dbf
   4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1536 Jun 11 16:15 2_47_719166742.dbf
./lost+found:
total 0
./racdb:
total 12
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 11 16:14 datafile
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun  8 06:55 onlinelog
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun  8 08:05 tempfile
./racdb/datafile:
total 1245228
20520 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20987904 Jun 11 16:22

fmismain.287.721410885
15076 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  15417344 Jun 11 16:29 racdb.ctl
51272 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52445184 Jun 11 16:22 rman_tbs.dbf
215272 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 220217344 Jun 11 16:22

sysaux.270.719166783
440772 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 450904064 Jun 11 16:22

system.268.719166757
292148 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 298860544 Jun 11 16:22

undotbs1.269.719166777
205020 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209731584 Jun 11 16:22

undotbs2.272.719166797
  5148 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5259264 Jun 11 16:22

users.273.719166803
./racdb/onlinelog:
total 717640
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 11 16:29 group_10.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 07:26 group_11.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 06:55

group_1.266.719166749
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 07:47 group_12.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 07:37 group_13.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 07:37 group_14.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 06:55

group_2.267.719166751
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 06:55

group_3.274.719167937
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 06:55

group_4.275.719167939
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 06:55 group5
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 06:55 group6
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 11 16:29 group_7.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 07:25 group_8.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun  8 07:39 group_9.log
./racdb/tempfile:
total 84
84 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20987904 Jun  8 08:05 temp.271.719166789

在备库中查看刚才创建的表空间与用户是否生效。
首先将数据库启动到read only模式下：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SQL> !hostname
rac3
SQL>
SQL> conn fmismain/fmismain
Connected.
SQL> show parameter db_unique
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------

---
db_unique_name                       string      racdb_standby
SQL>
SQL> select count(*) from xtdw3;
  COUNT(*)
----------
        30
SQL> select dh from xtdw3;
DH
--------
MAIN
0600
0601
1200
1201
0602
0100
0101
0400
0401
0500
DH
--------
0501
0700
0701
1300
1301
1800
1801
1900
1901
5100
5101
DH
--------
5300
5301
0301
0300
1500
1501
1600
1601
30 rows selected.

12、增加temp文件
---在管理恢复模式下到只读模式
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL>alter database open read only;
这个时候，可以给数据库增加临时数据文件（这个在热备份的时候是没有备份过来的）
alter tablespace temp add tempfile

'/oradata/racdb/tempfile/temp.271.719166789' reset 100M;
--从只读方式到管理恢复方式
SQL>recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

13、少日志的时候，维护故障解决
故障1
由于网络等原因导致归档日志没有全部传输到从库中，这些需要我们手动干预。
常见因素：从库关闭、网络故障、从库空间不足等。
维护的通常步骤；关闭：先关主库后关从库，启动：先启动从库然后启动主库。
关于日志传输的控制可以通过MANDATORY、REOPEN、MAX_FAILURE来控制
MANDATORY REOPEN=5 MAX_FAILURE=3 每5秒重试一次，最大允许错误次数为3次，如果重

试3次仍然不能成功，那么主库的日志传输服务就会停止。
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=AUX VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)

MANDATORY REOPEN=5 MAX_FAILURE=3 DB_UNIQUE_NAME=auxdb'
1)、查找不在standby的日志。
SQL>
SELECT MAX(R.SEQUENCE#) LAST_SEQ_RECD, MAX(L.SEQUENCE#) LAST_SEQ_SENT FROM

V$ARCHIVED_LOG R, V$LOG L WHERE R.DEST_ID=2 AND   L.ARCHIVED='YES';
LAST_SEQ_RECD LAST_SEQ_SENT
------------- -------------
7 10
2)、查找primary的所在路径
SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE THREAD#=1 AND DEST_ID=1 AND

SEQUENCE# BETWEEN 5 AND 10;
NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

----
/primary/thread1_dest/arcr_1_7.arc
/primary/thread1_dest/arcr_1_8.arc
/primary/thread1_dest/arcr_1_9.arc
3)、将日志copy到standby的STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST下，将STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST的日志

copy到 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST下
4)、
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER AUTOMATIC STANDBY DATABASE;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
至此恢复成功。
故障2：
归档日志之间经常产生gap
1)、确认归档日志之间有无遗漏
SQL> SELECT THREAD#, LOW_SEQUENCE#, HIGH_SEQUENCE# FROM V$ARCHIVE_GAP;
THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
1 90 92
2)、将遗漏的归档日志copy到备库的standby_archive_dest下
然后对其分别注册
ALTER DATABASE REGISTER PHYSICAL LOGFILE 'filespec1';
3)、恢复归档日志
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH FORCE;
4)、然后就可以按切换步骤进行切换了。


14、 参数说明

COMPATIBLE='10.2.0.1.0':数据库版本号，主库与从库要统一，否则有可能redo的数据

不能从主库传送到从库。
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=主库数据文件地址，从库数据文件地址:用于主从库在同一台机

器上或主从库数据文件的路径不一致的情况下
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=:数据库的唯一名称。推荐使用，如果使用了LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG，那

么就必须有改参数。
FAL_CLIENT=，指向从库的服务名，本例为aux
FAL_SERVER 指向主库的服务名，本例为orcl
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(主库的db_unique_name,从库的db_unique_name)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n:日志归档的地址，最少需要两个，一个指向主库，另一个指向从库
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n ={ENABLE|DEFER|ALTERNATE|RESET} 指定:enable or

disable来决定是否传输redo的数据到从库中。
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT:同DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST:指定路径存放接收从主库传输过来的归档日志。
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT={AUTO|MANUAL} :AUTO当主库添加或减少数据文件时会自动同

步从库而不需要手动干预。

15、 经常遇到错误
错误1:
ORA-16057: DGID from server not in Data Guard configuration
原因:主库没有设置参数log_archive_config
 

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