Centos 6.3 x86_64安装与配置bacula
一，简介
Bacula是一款开源的跨平台的网络备份工具，基于c/s架构，通过它，管理员可以对数据进行备份，恢复，以及完整性验证等操作。
适合业务系统数据量巨大，每天都在迅速增长，还需要用以tar打包进行低级备份，并且没有相应的异地容灾策略，应该考虑bacula，bacula支持多种备份方式，还支持远程容灾备份。通过bacula，可以将数据备份到任意一个远程主机。用户只需要对bacula进行简单的设置即可自动完成数据备份。
二，工作原理
Bacula由下面5个部分组成
1，director daemon：负责监听所有的备份，恢复，验证，存档事务，以及定制备份和恢复文件计划等，将整个系统运行状况记录在一个数据库，支持mysql,postgresql,sqlite。配置文件bacula-dir.conf。监听端口9101
2，storage daemon (sd)：在备份数据时，用来指定备份和恢复数据的存储介质，可以是本地磁盘，光纤磁盘阵列，磁带或dvd，恢复数据时将数据从存储介质中传送出去。配置文件：bacula-sd.conf 监听端口9103
3，file daemon(fd)：是一个安装在需要备份数据的机器的上的守护进程，在备份数据时，它负责把文件传出，在恢复数据时，它负责接收数据并执行恢复操作。配置文件bacula-fd.conf
4，console：是一个管理控制台，用户可以通过这个控制台连接到director daemon进行管理备份与恢复操作。有三种方式,文本，gnone界面，wxwidgets界面。配置文件bconsole.conf
5，monitor：是一个进程监控端，负责监控director daemon，storage daemon和file daemon的守护进程。
三，工作流程
1、通过console连接到Director端，备份恢复操作开始。
2、Director端从自己的数据库中调出记录信息，对存储端SD与客户端FD的任务进行协调。
3、客户端FD负责验证Director的操作许可，如果验证通过，则允许连接到存储端SD
4、客户端FD根据Director发出的请求去连接SD，将FD端的数据备份到存SD指定的存储介质上，或者将SD端存储介质中的数据传回到客户端FD指定的位置上，完成备份恢复过程。
5，各个组件配置文件之间的关联，在下面配置时可以对照此图配置。
四，编译与安装bacula，在实际应用中并不会将五个部分分开安装。此次实验将dirctor ,sd,console安装在同一台机器，而客户端fd安装在另外一台机器，客户端可以有多台。
1，在服务端
#yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel （mysql可以选择编译，这里采用yum安装）
#wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/bacula/bacula/5.2.13/bacula-5.2.13.tar.gz
#tar xf bacula-5.2.13.tar.gz
#cd bacula-5.2.13
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/bacula --with-mysql （如果mysql是编译的则需要指定mysql安装的路径）
#make && make install
安装完了之后，需要创建bacula对应的mysql数据库心及访问数据库的授权。
#cd /usr/local/bacula
#./grant_mysql_privileges
#./create_mysql_database
#./make_mysql_tables
可以登录到mysql中查看bacula库的中表是否已经建立，上面三个脚本默认由空密码的root用户执行，因此需要确保mysql root的密码为空。
2，客户端
只是需要备份的客户端，因此只需要安装相应的客户端组件即可。
#cd bacula-5.2.13
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/bacula --enable-client-only
#make && make install
五，配置服务器端
1，配置console端
#cd /usr/local/bacula
#vim etc/bconsole.conf
Director {
Name = server-dir 控制端名称，在bacula-dir.conf和bacula-sd.conf文件中的director段都会被用到
DIRport = 9101
address = 192.168.1.28
Password = "ZvLDkAPgWfJnre3+YDSDq6CAqyncBlTUklYspHtVAM/y" 控制端密码文件与bacula-dir中的director中的password要相同
}
2，配置director端
在bacula-dir.conf中共有10个逻辑段
Director 定义全局设置
Jobdefs 定义执行任务的一些共同属性，可以让任务继承，如果有冲突则以job中的为准。
job 自定义一个备份或恢复的任务
Fileset 定义备份哪些数据，不备份哪些数据
Sehedule 定义备份时间策略
Client 定义需要被备份的主机地址，也就是客户端地址
Storage 定义数据的存储方式
Catalog 定义后台数据库
Message 定义发送日志报告和记录日志的位置
Pool 定义供job使用的池属性
下面是一个已经配置好的文件
Director { # define myself
Name = server-dir
DIRport = 9101 # where we listen for UA connections
QueryFile = "/usr/local/bacula/etc/query.sql"
WorkingDirectory = "/usr/local/bacula/opt/bacula/working"
PidDirectory = "/var/run"
Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 1
# Console password 控制密码，与bconsole.conf中的对应的director.conf的password相同
Password = "ZvLDkAPgWfJnre3+YDSDq6CAqyncBlTUklYspHtVAM/y"
Messages = Daemon
}
#定义执行任务的一些默认属性，后面定义的job可以继承，但是如果有冲突以job中为准
JobDefs {
Name = "DefaultJob"
Type = Backup #类型备份，还有restore,verify等值
Level = Incremental #备份级别，增量
Client = server-fd
FileSet = "Full Set"
Schedule = "WeeklyCycle" #备份策略，后面schedule有定义
Storage = File #备份数据的存储类型，
Messages = Standard
Pool = File #指定备份使用的pool属性，file在后面的pool逻辑段中有定义
Priority = 10
Write Bootstrap = "/usr/local/bacula/opt/bacula/working/%c.bsr" #指定备份的引导信息路径
}
#定义一个名为backupclient1的增量备份的任务，defaultJob中定义的是incremental
Job {
Name = "BackupClient1"
JobDefs = "DefaultJob"
}
#这个任务是新增的，后面实验需要有，不同的是级别为差异备份。
Job {
Name = "BackupClient2"
# Client = server2-fd
JobDefs = "DefaultJob"
Level = Differential
}
Job {
Name = "BackupCatalog"
JobDefs = "DefaultJob"
Level = Full
FileSet="Catalog"
Schedule = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup"
# This creates an ASCII copy of the catalog
# Arguments to make_catalog_backup.pl are:
# make_catalog_backup.pl <catalog-name>
RunBeforeJob = "/usr/local/bacula/etc/make_catalog_backup.pl MyCatalog"
# This deletes the copy of the catalog
RunAfterJob = "/usr/local/bacula/etc/delete_catalog_backup"
Write Bootstrap = "/usr/local/bacula/opt/bacula/working/%n.bsr"
Priority = 11 # run after main backup
}
Job {
Name = "RestoreFiles"
Type = Restore
Client=server-fd
FileSet="Full Set"
Storage = File
Pool = Default
Messages = Standard
Where = /tmp/bacula-restores #指定默认恢复数据到这个路径
}
FileSet {
Name = "Full Set" #定义一个名为full set的备份资源，指定需要备份哪些数据。
Include {
Options {
signature = MD5
}
# File = /usr/local/bacula/sbin
File=/data #指定需要备份的数据
}
Exclude {
#排除不需要备份的文件或者目录，可根据具体情况修改。
File = /usr/local/bacula/opt/bacula/working
File = /tmp
File = /proc
File = /tmp
File = /.journal
File = /.fsck
}
}
Schedule {
Name = "WeeklyCycle" #定义一个名为weeklyclycle的备份策略
Run = Full 1st sun at 23:05 #第一周的星期日晚完全备份
Run = Differential 2nd-5th sun at 23:05 #第2-5周的星期日晚差异备份
Run = Incremental mon-sat at 23:05 #所有星期一至星期六晚进行增量备份
}
Schedule {
Name = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" #定义一个WeeklyCycleAfterBackup备份策略
Run = Full sun-sat at 23:10
}
FileSet {
Name = "Catalog"
Include {
Options {
signature = MD5
}
File = "/usr/local/bacula/opt/bacula/working/bacula.sql"
}
}
Client {
Name = server-fd
Address = 192.168.1.29 #客户端IP
FDPort = 9102
Catalog = MyCatalog
Password = "LJxLG+wlZoSaVtUoSZ121NhcobsgzZhAQgG5pPYyjqFL" # password for FileDaemon
File Retention = 30 days # 30 days
Job Retention = 6 months # six months
AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired Jobs/Files
}
#用来定义将客户端的数据备份到哪个存储设备上
Storage {
Name = File
Address = 192.168.1.28 # N.B. Use a fully qualified name here
SDPort = 9103
#与bacula-sd.conf中director逻辑段密码相同
Password = "cXEx51B0y1FLklJpvQ52RIi0+5wORQIwQ+6oWsB134RB"
Device = FileStorage #与bacula-sd.conf配置文件中的”device”逻辑段的”name”相同
Media Type = File #指定存储介质的类型，必须与bacula-conf中的device逻辑段的”media type”相同
}
Catalog {
Name = MyCatalog #定义关于日志和数据库设定
dbname = "bacula"; dbuser = "bacula"; dbpassword = ""
}
Messages { #设置director端如何保存日志，以及日志的格式，可以将日志信息发送到管理员邮箱，前提是必须开启sendmail服务。
Name = Standard
mailcommand = "/usr/local/bacula/sbin/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r"
operatorcommand = "/usr/local/bacula/sbin/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r"
mail = 304749970@qq.com = all, !skipped
operator = root@localhost = mount
console = all, !skipped, !saved
append = "/usr/local/bacula/opt/bacula/log/bacula.log" = all, !skipped
catalog = all
}
Messages {
Name = Daemon
mailcommand = "/usr/local/bacula/sbin/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula daemon message\" %r"
mail = 304749970@qq.com = all, !skipped
console = all, !skipped, !saved
append = "/usr/local/bacula/opt/bacula/log/bacula.log" = all, !skipped
}
Pool {
Name = Default
Pool Type = Backup
Recycle = yes # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes
AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes
Volume Retention = 365 days # one year
}
Pool {
Name = File
Pool Type = Backup
Recycle = yes # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes
AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes
Volume Retention = 365 days # one year
Maximum Volume Bytes = 50G # Limit Volume size to something reasonable
Maximum Volumes = 100 # Limit number of Volumes in Pool
}
Pool {
Name = Scratch
Pool Type = Backup
}
Console { #限制console利用tray-monitor获得director的状态信息
Name = server-mon
Password = "EIOogja1xSbJxfPhwqUCl3c97HgX9Xzj54Nb1ofL+zH3"
CommandACL = status, .status
}
3，配置sd，sd可以是一台单独的服务器，在此交实验中跟director在一台机器上。
Vim bacula.conf
Storage { # definition of myself
Name = server-sd
SDPort = 9103 # Director's port
WorkingDirectory = "/usr/local/bacula/opt/bacula/working"
Pid Directory = "/var/run"
Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20
}
Director {
Name = server-dir #与bacula-dir.conf中的director中name需要相同，密码也需要相同
Password = "cXEx51B0y1FLklJpvQ52RIi0+5wORQIwQ+6oWsB134RB"
}
Director {
Name = server-mon #与bacula-dir.conf中的console中name需要相同，密码也是一样
Password = "EIOogja1xSbJxfPhwqUCl3c97HgX9Xzj54Nb1ofL+zH3"
Monitor = yes
}
Device {
Name = FileStorage #定义device，与bacula-dir.conf中storage段的device需要相同
Media Type = File
Archive Device = /tmp #备份的数据存储的路径
LabelMedia = yes; # lets Bacula label unlabeled media 通过label命令来建立卷文件
Random Access = Yes;
AutomaticMount = yes; # when device opened, read it
RemovableMedia = no;
AlwaysOpen = no;
}
Messages {
Name = Standard
director = server-dir = all
}
六，配置客户端的fd
Vim bacula.conf
Director {
Name = server-dir #与bacula-dir.conf中的director中name需要相同，密码也需要相同
Password = "LJxLG+wlZoSaVtUoSZ121NhcobsgzZhAQgG5pPYyjqFL"
}
Director {
Name = server-mon #与bacula-dir.conf中的console中name需要相同，密码也是一样
Password = "EIOogja1xSbJxfPhwqUCl3c97HgX9Xzj54Nb1ofL+zH3"
Monitor = yes
}
FileDaemon { # this is me
Name = client-fd
FDport = 9102 # where we listen for the director
WorkingDirectory = /usr/local/bacula/opt/bacula/working
Pid Directory = /var/run
Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20
}
Messages {
Name = Standard
director = client-dir = all, !skipped, !restored
}
七，启动与关闭bacula
1，可用/usr/local/bacula/sbin/bacula start 启动所有服务
2，可以/usr/local/bacula/etc/下的各个组件的单独启动方式
#./bacula-ctl-dir
#./bacula-ctl-sd
./bacula-ctl-fd 由于将fd单独配置，需要可以不需要启动此服务
启动时需要先启动mysql，不然无法启动director daemon。
3，客户端也可以上面两种办法启动。
八，bacula备份过程
#/usr/local/bacula/sbin/bconsole
Connecting to Director 192.168.1.28:9101
1000 OK: server-dir Version: 5.2.13 (19 February 2013)
Enter a period to cancel a command.
*label (作用其实就是建立备份文件名的作用)
Automatically selected Catalog: MyCatalog
Using Catalog "MyCatalog"
Automatically selected Storage: File
Enter new Volume name: test
Defined Pools:
1: Default
2: File
3: Scratch
Select the Pool (1-3): 1
Connecting to Storage daemon File at 192.168.1.28:9103 ...
Sending label command for Volume "test" Slot 0 ...
3000 OK label. VolBytes=192 DVD=0 Volume="test" Device="FileStorage" (/tmp)
Catalog record for Volume "test", Slot 0 successfully created.
Requesting to mount FileStorage ...
3906 File device ""FileStorage" (/tmp)" is always mounted.
You have messages.
*run
A job name must be specified.
The defined Job resources are:
1: BackupClient1
2: BackupClient2
3: BackupCatalog
4: RestoreFiles
Select Job resource (1-4): 1
Run Backup job
JobName: BackupClient1
Level: Incremental
Client: server-fd
FileSet: Full Set
Pool: File (From Job resource)
Storage: File (From Job resource)
When: 2013-04-17 01:07:36
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no): yes
Job queued. JobId=17
*status
Status available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
4: All
Select daemon type for status (1-4): 1 查看备份状态
server-dir Version: 5.2.13 (19 February 2013) x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat
Daemon started 16-Apr-13 17:36. Jobs: run=13, running=0 mode=0,0
Heap: heap=278,528 smbytes=96,076 max_bytes=378,820 bufs=267 max_bufs=306
Scheduled Jobs:
Level Type Pri Scheduled Name Volume
===================================================================================
Incremental Backup 10 17-Apr-13 23:05 BackupClient1 test
Incremental Backup 10 17-Apr-13 23:05 BackupClient2 bingodegn
Full Backup 11 17-Apr-13 23:10 BackupCatalog bingodegn
