1、服务器确认字符集
 select * from v$nls_parameters; #是否为zhs16GBK,zhs16utf8.
 
2、如不是中文字符集需改:关建点
shutdown immediate; 
startup mount; 
alter database open;
alter system enable restricted session;
alter database national character set internal_use utf8;
alter database character set internal_use AL32GBK;
shutdown immediate; 
startup; 
 
3、客户端显示语言及字符集修改
vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export LANG=zh_CN.GBK
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA".ZHS16GBK  #注意引号,分别是语言_地理.字符集
oracle 的sqlplus会去读取OS中环境变量下的nls_lang信息
 
 确认是:select * from v$nls_parameters;
PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE                   SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_TERRITORY                  CHINA
NLS_CURRENCY                   ¥
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY               CHINA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS         .,
NLS_CALENDAR                   GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT                DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE              SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_CHARACTERSET               ZHS16GBK
NLS_SORT                       BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT                HH.MI.SSXFF AM
 
4、此时在linux还不能显示中文,那得确认一下服务器本身能不能显示中文文件、目录
  通过设置LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 or LANG=zh_CN.GBK等解决. linux用source .bash_profile命令生效.
 
 WIN系列请在系统高级里同样设:NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK,LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 or LANG=zh_CN.GBK

5、如还碰到sqlplus中文提示信息乱码

 请求调整secureCRT或putty的字符集,如由UTF8调来gb2312.