Oracle的ASM一直不够透明，但Oracle还是提供了一些工具来访问ASM磁盘组的，asmcdm就是其中一个工具,本文将对其进行详细介绍。
感觉Oracle的ASM一直很不透明，不过Oracle还是提供了一些工具来访问ASM磁盘组的，asmcdm就是其中一个工具。
如果不做任何配置，直接调用asmcmd，多半会碰到下面的错误：
| $ asmcmd ASMCMD-08103: failed to connect to ASM; ASMCMD running in non-connected mode |
要连接ASM，其实只需要做两件事情，确保$ORACLE_HOME和$ORACLE_SID的设置正确既可：
ASMCMD> exit
$ bash
bash-3.00$ env|grep ORACLE_
ORACLE_SID=rac11g1
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.1/database
bash-3.00$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
bash-3.00$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> ls
DATA/
| ASMCMD> exit $ bash bash-3.00$ env|grep ORACLE_ ORACLE_SID=rac11g1 ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.1/database bash-3.00$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 bash-3.00$ asmcmd ASMCMD> ls DATA/ |
现在已经成功的连接到ASM磁盘组。
ASMCMD> help
asmcmd [-v] [-a ] [-p] [command]
The environment variables ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID determine the
instance to which the program connects, and ASMCMD establishes a
bequeath connection to it, in the same manner as a SQLPLUS / AS
SYSDBA. The user must be a member of the SYSDBA group.
Specifying the -v option prints the asmcmd version number and
exits immediately.
Specify the -a option to choose the type of connection. There are
only two possibilities: connecting as "sysasm" or as "sysdba".
The default value if this option is unspecified is "sysasm".
Specifying the -p option allows the current directory to be displayed
in the command prompt, like so:
ASMCMD [+DATAFILE/ORCL/CONTROLFILE] >
[command] specifies one of the following commands, along with its
parameters.
Type "help [command]" to get help on a specific ASMCMD command.
commands:
--------
help
cd
cp
du
find
ASMCMD> du
Used_MB Mirror_used_MB
2457 2457
ASMCMD> lsct
DB_Name Status Software_Version Compatible_version Instance_Name Disk_Group
ractest CONNECTED 11.1.0.6.0 11.1.0.0.0 ractest1 DATA
ASMCMD> lsdg
State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 963503 960944 0 960944 0 DATA/
ASMCMD> lsdsk
Path
/dev/rdsk/emcpower0b
/dev/rdsk/emcpower0e
/dev/rdsk/emcpower0g
使用cp命令将ASM内部的文件拷贝到操作系统还是很方便的：
ASMCMD> cp spfileractest.ora /data/spfileractest.ora
source +DATA/RACTEST/spfileractest.ora
target /data/spfileractest.ora
copying file(s)...
file, /data/spfileractest.ora, copy committed.
同样利用cp也可以将磁盘上面的数据文件、备份文件等拷贝到ASM磁盘中
bash-3.00$ rman target /
恢复管理器: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 星期三 9月 3 10:38:17 2008
连接到目标数据库: RACTEST (DBID=3192712917)
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/data/%U';
4> backup current controlfile;
5> }
使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录分配的通道: c1通道 c1: SID=63 实例=ractest1 设备类型=DISK
启动 backup 于 03-9月 -08通道 c1: 正在启动全部数据文件备份集通道 c1: 正在指定备份集内的数据文件备份集内包括当前控制文件通道 c1: 正在启动段 1 于 03-9月 -08通道 c1: 已完成段 1 于 03-9月 -08段句柄=/data/02jplh5q_1_1 标记=TAG20080903T103850 注释=NONE通道 c1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:00:01完成 backup 于 03-9月 -08释放的通道: c1
RMAN> quit
恢复管理器完成。
下面利用asmcmd拷贝这个生成的备份文件到ASM磁盘组：
ASMCMD> ls
CONTROLFILE/
DATAFILE/
ONLINELOG/
PARAMETERFILE/
TEMPFILE/
redo01.log
spfileractest.ora
ASMCMD> mkdir backup
ASMCMD> cp /data/02jplh5q_1_1 +DATA/RACTEST/backup/02jplh5q_1_1
source /data/02jplh5q_1_1
target +DATA/RACTEST/backup/02jplh5q_1_1
copying file(s)...
file, +DATA/ractest/backup/02jplh5q_1_1, copy committed.
不过不是任何文件都可以拷贝到ASM中，比如拷贝数据库安装的压缩文件：
| ASMCMD> help asmcmd [-v] [-a ] [-p] [command] The environment variables ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID determine the instance to which the program connects, and ASMCMD establishes a bequeath connection to it, in the same manner as a SQLPLUS / AS SYSDBA. The user must be a member of the SYSDBA group. Specifying the -v option prints the asmcmd version number and exits immediately. Specify the -a option to choose the type of connection. There are only two possibilities: connecting as "sysasm" or as "sysdba". The default value if this option is unspecified is "sysasm". Specifying the -p option allows the current directory to be displayed in the command prompt, like so: ASMCMD [+DATAFILE/ORCL/CONTROLFILE] > [command] specifies one of the following commands, along with its parameters. Type "help [command]" to get help on a specific ASMCMD command. commands: -------- help cd cp du find |
ASMCMD> cp /data/solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip
source /data/solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip
target solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip
ASMCMD-08012: can not determine file type for file->'/data/solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip'
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:DGGetFileAttr15 Failed to open file /data/solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip
ORA-27046: file size is not a multiple of logical block size
Additional information: 1
ORA-06512: at "SYS.X$DBMS_DISKGROUP", line 207
ORA-06512: at line 3 (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
错误信息已经很明显了，Oracle的ASM从设计上就不是可以存放任何东西的文件系统，只有Oracle数据库相关的文件，比如数据文件、日志文件、控制文件、参数文件以及备份文件等可以存储到ASM中。
